scholarly journals Model of a Photovoltaic Module for the MatLab/Simulink SimPowerSystems Library

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-525
Author(s):  
D. I. Zalizny
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Photovoltaic Power

The relevance of research is caused by the increase of the number of photovoltaic power plants in the Republic of Belarus and, accordingly, the need to solve problems of diagnostics of photovoltaic modules. A new Simulink model of a photovoltaic module focused on using the standard SimPowerSystems library of power supply system elements (a part of the MatLab/Simulink) is proposed. The model allows altering solar irradiation values for each solar cell of the module. The use of the model also makes it possible to obtain calculated values of voltages and currents at the photovoltic module output. In addition, the model provides the simulation of individual solar cells shading in the module. The developed Simulink model operates on the base of a well-known exponential dependence describing the volt-ampere characteristic of a photovoltaic module, and also takes into account the real circuit of the module with bypass diodes. The series resistance of the photovoltaic module is calculated by the subtraction between its experimental and theoretical volt-ampere characteristics for conditions that are close to normal. The Simulink model of the SF-P672300 module contains 72 nonlinear elements implemented on the basis of controlled current sources and connected in series. The model solved the problems of the algorithm stability for calculating algebraic cycles by introducing constraint the current and the voltage parameters. Experimental studies for the fully illuminated and partially shaded SF-P672300 module have demonstrated that the maximum relative error of the developed Simulink model does not exceed 15 %. Experimental and theoretical current-voltage characteristics of the SF-P672300 module under full illumination and partial shading are presented. The presented Simulink model may be used both at the design stage and at the operation stage of photovoltaic power plants in order to simulate and analyze the factors that affect the operation of them.

scholarly journals Model of a Photovoltaic Cell for the MatLab/Simulink SimPowerSystems Library

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Zalizny
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Simulink Model

A new Simulink model of a photovoltaic cell has been proposed. The model is focused on the use of a standard SimPowerSystems library with power engineering elements from the MatLab/Simulink software package. The model allows altering the values of solar irradiance, photovoltaic cell temperature and load resistance. The results of the model application are the calculated values of voltages and currents at the photovoltaic cell output. The Simulink model that has been developed implements the known dependence of the photovoltaic cell volt-ampere characteristic by using both standard MatLab/Simulink blocks and special electric SimPowerSystems library blocks. The model is characterized by the fact that the series and parallel resistance of the photovoltaic cell are made in the form of resistors from the SimPowerSystems library. The main calculation algorithm is implemented programmatically by using the “C” programming language. To increase the algorithm stability to algebraic cycles the restrictions parameters are introduced. A new technique of calculating the photovoltaic cell model parameters based on experimental data has been proposed. The technique includes the preparation of a system of equations with experimental values of the photovoltaic cell voltages and currents. Experimental tests have been carried out for the photovoltaic module OSP XTP 250 under different solar irradiance values. The tests showed that the relative error of the Simulink model that has been developed does not exceed 12 %. The Simulink model makes it possible to build photovoltaic modules and then to build schemes of photovoltaic power plants as a part of power supply systems. Due to the latter it is possible to simulate the electricity consumers’ work, weather conditions, and the presence of shadows or pollution on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Also, one can carry out a simulation of increasing failures in power plant photovoltaic modules, e.g. simulating of modules efficiency reducing because of their degradation, or simulating of modules series resistance increasing because of the photovoltaic cell internal contacts deterioration. The Simulink model that has been developed can be used both at the design stage and at the stage of photoelectric power plants operation.

scholarly journals Shading, Dusting and Incorrect Positioning of Photovoltaic Modules as Important Factors in Performance Reduction

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Uneven Terrain ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
The Impact

The amount of solar radiation reaching the front cover of a photovoltaic module is crucial for its performance. A number of factors must be taken into account at the design stage of the solar installation, which will ensure maximum utilization of the potential arising from the location. During the operation of a photovoltaic installation, it is necessary to limit the shading of the modules caused by both dust and shadowing by trees or other objects. The article presents an analysis of the impact of the radiation reaching the surface of the radiation module on the efficiency obtained. Each of the analyzed aspects is important for obtaining the greatest amount of energy in specific geographical conditions. Modules contaminated by settling dust will be less efficient than those without deposits. The results of experimental studies of this effect are presented, depending on the amount of impurities, including their origins and morphologies. In practice, it is impossible to completely eliminate shadowing caused by trees, uneven terrain, other buildings, chimneys, or satellite dishes, and so on, which limits the energy of solar radiation reaching the modules. An analysis of partial shading for the generated power was also carried out. An important way for maximizing the incoming radiation is the correct positioning of the modules relative to the sun. It is considered optimal to position the modules relative to the light source, that is, the sun, so that the rays fall perpendicular to the surfaces of the modules. Any deviation in the direction of the rays results in a loss in the form of a decrease in the available power of the module. The most beneficial option would be to use sun-tracking systems, but they represent an additional investment cost, and their installations require additional space and maintenance. Therefore, the principle was adopted that stationary systems should be oriented to the south, using the optimal angle of inclination of the module surface appropriate for the location. This article presents the dependence of the decrease in obtained power on the angle of deviation from the optimal one.

scholarly journals Industry Experience of Developing Day-Ahead Photovoltaic Plant Forecasting System Based on Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra I. Khalyasmaa ◽  
Stanislav A. Eroshenko ◽  
Valeriy A. Tashchilin ◽  
Hariprakash Ramachandran ◽  
Teja Piepur Chakravarthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Industry Experience

This article highlights the industry experience of the development and practical implementation of a short-term photovoltaic forecasting system based on machine learning methods for a real industry-scale photovoltaic power plant implemented in a Russian power system using remote data acquisition. One of the goals of the study is to improve photovoltaic power plants generation forecasting accuracy based on open-source meteorological data, which is provided in regular weather forecasts. In order to improve the robustness of the system in terms of the forecasting accuracy, we apply newly derived feature introduction, a factor obtained as a result of feature engineering procedure, characterizing the relationship between photovoltaic power plant energy production and solar irradiation on a horizontal surface, thus taking into account the impacts of atmospheric and electrical nature. The article scrutinizes the application of different machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor, Linear Regression and Decision Trees regression, to the remotely obtained data. As a result of the application of the aforementioned approaches together with hyperparameters, tuning and pipelining of the algorithms, the optimal structure, parameters and the application sphere of different regressors were identified for various testing samples. The mathematical model developed within the framework of the study gave us the opportunity to provide robust photovoltaic energy forecasting results with mean accuracy over 92% for mostly-sunny sample days and over 83% for mostly cloudy days with different types of precipitation.

Detailed modeling of large scale photovoltaic power plants under partial shading conditions

Solar Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor R. Robles–Campos ◽  
Bernardo J. Azuaje–Berbecí ◽  
Christopher J. Scheller ◽  
Alejandro Angulo ◽  
Fernando Mancilla–David
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Power

scholarly journals Economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Menéndez ◽  
Jorge Loredo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Photovoltaic Power

In 2017, electricity generation from renewable sources contributed more than one quarter (30.7%) to total EU-28 gross electricity consumption. Wind power is for the first time the most important source, followed closely by hydro power. The growth in electricity from photovoltaic energy has been dramatic, rising from just 3.8 TWh in 2007, reaching a level of 119.5 TWh in 2017. Over this period, the contribution of photovoltaic energy to all electricity generated in the EU-28 from renewable energy sources increased from 0.7% to 12.3%. During this period the investment cost of a photovoltaic power plant has decreased considerably. Fundamentally, the cost of solar panels and inverters has decreased by more than 50%. The solar photovoltaic energy potential depends on two parameters: global solar irradiation and photovoltaic panel efficiency. The average solar irradiation in Spain is 1,600 kWh m-2. This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain. Equivalent hours between 800-1,800 h year-1 and output power between 100-400 MW have been considered. The profitability analysis has been carried out considering different prices of the electricity produced in the daily market (50-60 € MWh-1). Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were estimated for all scenarios analyzed. A solar PV power plant with 400 MW of power and 1,800 h year-1, reaches a NPV of 196 M€ and the IRR is 11.01%.

scholarly journals Parameter Identification and Effect of Partial Shading on a Photovoltaic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Hajizadeh Amin ◽  
Warrier Anil Kumar Jishnu
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Slight Improvement ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Bypass Diode ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Partial shading cause significant losses to the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system. So, it is imperative to study effects of partial shading; for that a two-diode model of the experimental setup made. Upon verifying the model with the experimental parameters, a MATLAB/Simulink model is made based on this model. Various shading patterns, the effect of bypass diodes; the effect of overlapping bypass diode is studied on this MATLAB/Simulink model. It is found out that the reduction in power loss is depended on the location of the shaded cell but not the area of the shaded cell. Also, the over-lapping bypass diode configuration has a slight improvement in the PV performance compared to the non-overlapping bypass diode configuration. An experimental test is also conducted by applying different shading pattern and they proves the results are compatible with the simulated results.

Autonomous Solar-Wind Power Forecasting Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 1097 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Alena Okhorzina ◽  
Alexey Yurchenko ◽  
Artem Kozloff
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Far East ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Climatic Testing

The paper reports on the results of climatic testing of silicon photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic power systems conducted in Russia (Siberia and the Far East). The monitoring system to control the power system work was developed. Testing over 17 years and a large amount of experimental studies enabled us to develop a precise mathematical model of the photovoltaic module in natural environment taking into account climatic and hardware factors.

АКУСТИЧНА ПОМІТНІСТЬ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ З СИЛОВИМИ УСТАНОВКАМИ НА БАЗІ ПОРШНЕВИХ ДВИГУНІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
В. В. Руденко ◽  
И. В. Калужинов ◽  
Н. А. Андрущенко
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Acoustic Signature ◽  
Static Conditions

The presence in operation of many prototypes of UAVs with propeller propellers, the use of such devices at relatively low altitudes and flight speeds makes the problem of noise reduction from UAVs urgent both from the point of view of acoustic imperceptibility and ecology.The aim of the work is to determine a set of methods that help to reduce the visibility of UAVs in the acoustic range. It is shown that the main source of noise from the UAV on the ground is the power plant, which includes the engine and the propeller. The parameters of the power plants influencing the processes that determine the acoustic signature of the UAV were investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting visibility was carried out. The power plants include two-stroke and four-stroke engines, internal combustion and two-blade propellers. The use of silencers on the exhaust of the internal combustion engine was considered. The spectral characteristics of the acoustic fields of the propeller-driven power plants for the operating sample of the UAV "Eco" were obtained. The measurements were carried out in one-third octave and 1/48 octave frequency bands under static conditions. The venue is the KhAI airfield. Note that the propellers that were part of the power plants operated at Reynolds numbers (Re0,75<2*105), which can significantly affect its aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics. It is shown that when choosing a UAV control system, one should take into account the fact that two-stroke piston engines are the dominant source in the noise of propeller-driven control systems in the absence of a hood and mufflers in the intake and exhaust tracts. The use of a four-stroke internal combustion engine significantly reduces the noise of the control system. In the general case, the position of the boundaries of the zone of acoustic visibility of a UAV at the location of the observer is determined by the ratio between the intensity of acoustic radiation perceived by the observer from the UAV and the intensity of sound corresponding to the natural acoustic background and depends on the degree of manifestation of acoustic effects accompanying the propagation of sound in a turbulent atmosphere - the refraction of sound waves. Absorption and dissipation of acoustic energy. The calculation and comparison of the UAV detection range was carried out taking into account the existing natural maskers.The results of experimental studies are presented that allow assessing the degree of acoustic signature of the UAV. A set of measures aimed at reducing the intensity of the acoustic signature of the UAV in various regions of the radiation spectrum has been determined.

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