scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) isolates on fig moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) Larvae

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 943-951
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Paper Method

The following dilution 5×10-1, 10-1, 10?2 , 10-3 gm/L for the indigenous isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria and the commercially isalate were used for experiments against the different stages of fig moth of E.cautella which exposed by filter paper method. The results showed that mortality of larval stages was increased with the increasing concentration of the biocide, in addition to increase in the mortality of the larval stages reached to the highest percentage in the third days of treatment of the larval stage in comparison with the first and second days of exposure. The results also showed that the sensitivity of larval stages was increased in first and second instars while reduced in the last instars .The high percentage of first instar mortality for the indigenous isolate in the concentration of 5×10-1 was 72.8% , while the low percentage of mortality showed in the concentration of 5×10-1 for the fifth instar larvae which was 13.3% in third days of treatment while a high percentage of mortality was showed for the first instar larvae for the commercially isulate in the concentration of 5×10-1 was 59.4% Furthermore, low percentage of mortality was shown in the concentration of 5×10-1 in fifth instar larval which was 8.3% in the third days of treatment. The results also showed that the indigenous isolated was more effective than the commercially produced bacteria for killing larval instars of fig moth E.cautella .The total percentage of larval instar mortality reached to 44.5 % after the third days of treatment in concentration 5×10-1 in the indigenous isolate , and it was 33.8 % in the commercially produced bacteria .

EARLY STAGES OF SOME HESPERIINAE

1939 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-118
Author(s):  
V. G. Dethier
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Full Account ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Previous Communication

Observations on the life histories of Polites verna Edw., Hesperia leonardus Harr., and Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr. are reported here. Previous work on the rare P. verna included a vague description by Scudder of a drawing of the egg and a full account of the last larval instar. Concerning H. leonardus only the egg and first instar were known. A drawing of the second instar was also described (Scudder, 1889). In a previous communication (Dethier, 1938) it was pointed out that the third brood of A. nomitor probably passed the winter in the larval stage. This is confirmed and further details presented.

LABORATORY STUDIES ON PERISTENUS PALLIPES AND P. PSEUDOPALLIPES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITOIDS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Lim ◽  
R. K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar

AbstractDevelopment of P. pallipes, from egg to emerged larva, in the tarnished plant bug lasts 24.49 ± 2.38 days at 25 °C/16 h and 20 °C/8 h and 77 ± 5% R.H. with 16 h illumination.Eggs of P. pseudopallipes need 72–96 h to hatch under the above-cited regime. At least three distinct larval stages can be recognized without special staining procedures. The first instar larva is a caudate-mandibulate type. The second larval stage is acaudate and lives in the host haemocoele. The third larval stage is also acaudate and emerges from the host. The pupa is an exarate type diapausing in a cocoon. P. pseudopallipes is an arrhenotokous species. The longevity of the adults in the laboratory is about 16 days. The adult oviposits into the host abdomen.Survival of diapausing pupae is better at 16 h photophase than at 8 h photophase.

scholarly journals Functional Response of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Larvae on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae): Implications for Biological Control

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Meni Mahzoum ◽  
María Villa ◽  
Jacinto Benhadi-Marín ◽  
José Alberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Saissetia Oleae

Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a voracious predator of soft-bodied insects such as juveniles of scale insects and the black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is an important pest of several crops, such as the olive tree. However, the predatory efficiency of C. carnea on S. oleae has been unstudied yet. The present work aimed to study the functional response of larvae of C. carnea fed on S. oleae nymphs. In a controlled laboratory environment, increasing densities of S. oleae second and third nymph stages were offered to newly emerged specimens of the three larvae instars of C. carnea. After 24 h, the number of killed S. oleae was recorded and the functional response of C. carnea was assessed. The three larval stages of C. carnea displayed a type-II functional response, i.e., killed prey increased with higher S. oleae densities up to a maximum limited by the handling time. The attack rate did not significantly differ among the three instars while the maximum attack rate was significantly higher for the third instar. The handling time of the first larval instar of C. carnea was higher than that of the third instar. Our results demonstrated that S. oleae could act as a food resource for all larval stages of C. carnea. Furthermore, the third larval stage of the predator was the most efficient in reducing S. oleae densities. These results suggest that C. carnea larvae could contribute to S. oleae control in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Morphology of the Preimaginal Stages ofLasioptera donacisCoutin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a Candidate Biocontrol Agent for Giant Arundo Cane

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Thomas ◽  
John A. Goolsby
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Preimaginal Stages

The larval stages ofLasioptera donacisCoutin consist of three instars which develop within the mesophyll of the leaf sheaths ofArundo donax(L.) (Poaceae). The larvae feed aggregatively on mycelia of an ambrosia fungus. The third instars are similar to other members of the genus except for a three-pronged spatula (typically two-pronged) and five lateral papillae (typically four) and with a nonbristled first instar. A related species,L. arundinis(Schiner) which breeds on fungus inPhragmites(Poaceae), also has a three-pronged spatula and five lateral papillae but has a bristled first instar. The third instar ofL. donacishas a feeding and a nonfeeding prepupal stage. Papillae associated with the spatula are sensory organs, sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, and sensilla ampullacea, perhaps related to extraoral digestion of the fungal mycelia. Pupation occurs in the host plant within a silken cocoon. Egression of the adult is through an escape hatch excavated by the third instar.

scholarly journals The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis in Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepetoptera:Gelechiidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Spraying Method

The following dilutions -710X46, -610X46, -510X46 of Bacillus thuringiensis were used for bioassay against the different larval instar of the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella by the spraying method, the results showed that there was no significant influence in the percentage of egg hatching in comparison with the control. The sensitivity of larval stages was reduced with the increasing the age and exposure period. The study also showed that the larvae infected with B.t. stopped feeding, movement and a general paralysis causing the death of larva after (24-48) hours , and the larva color was changed from the natural waxy colour to brown finally to the black after death.

THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE NEMATODE METABRONEMA SALVELINI (FUJITA, 1920) PARASITIC IN THE SPECKLED TROUT, SALVELINUS FONTINALIS (MITCHILL), IN QUEBEC

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. E. Choquette
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Larval Stage ◽  
History Of

In Quebec, the first larval stages of the spirurid, Metabronema salvelini (Fujita, 1920), parasitic in the speckled trout, Salvelinus fonlinalis (Mitchill), are to be found in nymphs of the mayfly, Hexagenia recurvata, and in those of a species of the genus Polymitarcys. The fourth larval stage develops in the fish host. The third and fourth larval stages are described. The feeding of larvae-harboring nymphs of Hexagenia recurvata to trout resulted in the establishment of infection and development of adult worms in from 60 to 70 days.

LIFE HISTORY OF CRICOTOPUS MYRIOPHYLLI OLIVER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian V. MacRae ◽  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

AbstractThe life history of Cricotopus myriophylli Oliver is described from both field observations and laboratory rearing of field-collected larvae. The species appears to be univoltine with four larval instars and has a sex ratio of ca. 2:1, males to females. Emergence begins in late May in British Columbia and continues until mid-September, with first-instar larvae present in the field from mid-June to mid-August. Water temperature does not appear to influence the rate of emergence. In the laboratory at 21 °C, larvae complete each of the third and fourth instars in 10–14 days. Cricotopus myriophylli overwinters primarily in the third larval instar, although second and fourth instars were also recovered in field-collected samples. First-instar larvae and eggs were not recovered from winter samples. This species does not appear to undergo a true diapause.

scholarly journals The interference between effects of Adhatoda vasica (Nees) extracts and Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) for controlling population of fig moth, Ephestia cautella Walker

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 934-942
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Males And Females

The activity of Adhatoda vasica crude plants extracts against B.thuringiensis bacteria was determined by MIC test and sensitivity test which showed no response of this type of bacteria against extracts .The interference between the effect of hot and cold aqueous extracts and Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria for controlling the population of fig moth when males and females released before treatment under control condithion was gave a highly percentage of larval mortality which reached to 100% in (B.t. + hot aqueous extract ) and 97.3% in (B.t + coldaqueous extract ) after two weeks of treatment when concentration of 50% of aqueous extracts and 5×10?1of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria but when the insect (males & females) released after the dates treated with B.t & hot aqueous extract , the mortality was 100% in all first instar larvae. The results also showed that when treatment of the dates before the insects released more influence than that treated the date after the insects released so the percentage of mortality of larvae reached to 100% in first method and to 86.0% in second methods .

scholarly journals Response of green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to various densities of Ephestia cautella (walk)eggs

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1094-1099
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Important Predator ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Results of exposure larvae of the most important predator in the integrated pest management , the green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to various densities of fig moth Ephestia cautella eggs showed increasing in the number of consumed prey at decreasing rate of increasing prey density where curve slope consumption decreased gradually until leveling off. These specifications concurred with type II functional response that predators appear towards varied densities of its preys ,that was confirm by logistic regression between the proportion of prey eaten in relation to prey offered . Third larval instars of the predator showed attack rate (a) of 4.85. This was greater than the second larval instar (3.58). Handling time (Th) per prey decreased as the predator aged , it was 0.0046 day for the second larval instar and 0.0041 day for the third larval instars. The greatest theoretical maximum number of moth eggs to be consumed was 244 eggs/day for the third larval instar followed by second larval instars as 217 eggs/day, respectively.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE REPORT TEXT THROUGH FILM

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra N.F. Hutahaean And Tjut Ernidawati
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Report Text

This research concerns on improving students’ writing achievement in the report text through film.  The objective was to find out the improvement of students’ writing achievement in writing the report text through film. This research was conducted by using action research method. The subject of the research was XI IPA grade students of SMA SWASWTA JOSUA Medan. The numbers of students were thirty one students. They were taught writing the report text through film. The instruments used were writing report text test, diary notes, interview sheets, questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. In analyzing data, the mean of students’ score for the first competency test was 43.1, for the second competency test was 64.8 and for the third competency test was 76.3 and the total percentage of improvement from the first competency test to the third competency test was 84.1%. The conclusion is that through watching film can improve the students’ writing achievement in the report text. It is suggested that teachers should apply watching film as one of media to improve students’ writing achievement in the report text.

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