EARLY STAGES OF SOME HESPERIINAE

1939 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-118
Author(s):  
V. G. Dethier
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Full Account ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Previous Communication

Observations on the life histories of Polites verna Edw., Hesperia leonardus Harr., and Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr. are reported here. Previous work on the rare P. verna included a vague description by Scudder of a drawing of the egg and a full account of the last larval instar. Concerning H. leonardus only the egg and first instar were known. A drawing of the second instar was also described (Scudder, 1889). In a previous communication (Dethier, 1938) it was pointed out that the third brood of A. nomitor probably passed the winter in the larval stage. This is confirmed and further details presented.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) isolates on fig moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) Larvae

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 943-951
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Paper Method

The following dilution 5×10-1, 10-1, 10?2 , 10-3 gm/L for the indigenous isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria and the commercially isalate were used for experiments against the different stages of fig moth of E.cautella which exposed by filter paper method. The results showed that mortality of larval stages was increased with the increasing concentration of the biocide, in addition to increase in the mortality of the larval stages reached to the highest percentage in the third days of treatment of the larval stage in comparison with the first and second days of exposure. The results also showed that the sensitivity of larval stages was increased in first and second instars while reduced in the last instars .The high percentage of first instar mortality for the indigenous isolate in the concentration of 5×10-1 was 72.8% , while the low percentage of mortality showed in the concentration of 5×10-1 for the fifth instar larvae which was 13.3% in third days of treatment while a high percentage of mortality was showed for the first instar larvae for the commercially isulate in the concentration of 5×10-1 was 59.4% Furthermore, low percentage of mortality was shown in the concentration of 5×10-1 in fifth instar larval which was 8.3% in the third days of treatment. The results also showed that the indigenous isolated was more effective than the commercially produced bacteria for killing larval instars of fig moth E.cautella .The total percentage of larval instar mortality reached to 44.5 % after the third days of treatment in concentration 5×10-1 in the indigenous isolate , and it was 33.8 % in the commercially produced bacteria .

BIOLOGY OF APHODIUS HYXOS PETROVITZ (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA: APHODIIDAE) AND DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRD LARVAL STAGE

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Verdú ◽  
J.P. Lumaret ◽  
E. Galante
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractAphodius hyxos Petrovitz, 1962 was reared in the laboratory and the third-stage larva is described and illustrated. The third-stage larvae and life histories of Aphodius granarius (L.), 1767 and A. hyxos are compared. Adults of A. hyxos are active from late autumn until early spring, whereas adults of A. granarius are active chiefly from early spring to late summer. The larvae of both species may be separated by differences in the distribution of setae on the raster, the shape of the anal lobes, and the size and number of holes in the respiratory plate.

LIFE HISTORY OF CRICOTOPUS MYRIOPHYLLI OLIVER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian V. MacRae ◽  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

AbstractThe life history of Cricotopus myriophylli Oliver is described from both field observations and laboratory rearing of field-collected larvae. The species appears to be univoltine with four larval instars and has a sex ratio of ca. 2:1, males to females. Emergence begins in late May in British Columbia and continues until mid-September, with first-instar larvae present in the field from mid-June to mid-August. Water temperature does not appear to influence the rate of emergence. In the laboratory at 21 °C, larvae complete each of the third and fourth instars in 10–14 days. Cricotopus myriophylli overwinters primarily in the third larval instar, although second and fourth instars were also recovered in field-collected samples. First-instar larvae and eggs were not recovered from winter samples. This species does not appear to undergo a true diapause.

LABORATORY STUDIES ON PERISTENUS PALLIPES AND P. PSEUDOPALLIPES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITOIDS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Lim ◽  
R. K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar

AbstractDevelopment of P. pallipes, from egg to emerged larva, in the tarnished plant bug lasts 24.49 ± 2.38 days at 25 °C/16 h and 20 °C/8 h and 77 ± 5% R.H. with 16 h illumination.Eggs of P. pseudopallipes need 72–96 h to hatch under the above-cited regime. At least three distinct larval stages can be recognized without special staining procedures. The first instar larva is a caudate-mandibulate type. The second larval stage is acaudate and lives in the host haemocoele. The third larval stage is also acaudate and emerges from the host. The pupa is an exarate type diapausing in a cocoon. P. pseudopallipes is an arrhenotokous species. The longevity of the adults in the laboratory is about 16 days. The adult oviposits into the host abdomen.Survival of diapausing pupae is better at 16 h photophase than at 8 h photophase.

Life cycles, microdistribution, and food of two species of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in a wooded stream in Southern Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2582-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Singh ◽  
S. M. Smith ◽  
A. D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
First Instar

Accounts of life histories, microdistributions, and food of Rhyacophila minor and Wormaldia moesta (Trichoptera) inhabiting a headwater stream in Ontario are presented. Rhyacophila minor is a caseless predator and W. moesta is a net-spinning filter feeder. First-instar larvae of W. moesta inhabited the stream longer than those of R. minor. The other instars of W. moesta grew rapidly and those of R. minor grew slowly. Pupae of both species showed a tendency to aggregate on bare stones. Both species were univoltine and water temperature is hypothesized to be an important factor regulating growth and voltinism. Wormaldia moesta was patchily and R. minor more uniformaly distributed in the stream. Rhyacophila minor preferred moss-covered stones whereas W. moesta preferred bare stones; however, these preferences changed with season and larval instar and are attributed partially to changing physical conditions in the stream. Although R. minor is primarily carnivorous, the early instars fed extensively on plant material; this behavior is attributed partly to their inability to prey and partly to the abundance of plant-food resources. Wormaldia moesta fed primarily on detritus; it may supplement the diet by grazing on diatoms when the seston is in low supply.

82. Studies in the Ripening of Cheddar Cheese. IV. The Bacterial Flora of Cheese made from Milk of a Very Low Bacterial Count. V. The Influence of the Rennet Flora on the Flora of the Cheese. VI. The Influence of the Starter on the Ripening Process

1934 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Allen ◽  
N. R. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Previous Communication

In a previous communication (Allen (1)) it was shown that Cheddar cheese made from milk of a very low bacterial count (Grade A (T.T.)) exhibited a retarded rate of ripening, as evidenced by proteolysis and development of flavour and texture, when compared with similar cheese made from ordinary market milk, and the view was advanced that the miscellaneous flora of market milk produces sufficient proteolysis of the casein in the early stages of manufacture to provide the starter organisms with necessary nitrogen compounds for rapid growth.

A Note on the Association of Fall Cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria (Harr.)) with Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata (Linn.)) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 538-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Fall Cankerworm

The fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), and the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.), both feed to a great extent on the same tree species and prefer apple, Malus spp., red oak, Quercus rubra L., basswood, Tilia spp., white elm, Ulmus americana L., and Norway maple, Acer platanoides L. They also have similar life-histories and habits (Smith 1950 and 1953). Both lay their eggs on the trees in the fall and overwinter in this stage. The eggs hatch about the same time and the larvae of (both species mature about the third week in June. They drop to the ground and form cocoons at a depth of about an inch. The adults emerge about the same time, commencing usually during the last week in October and continuing until early December or until the ground freezes.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Antibiosis Resistance to the Dectes Stem Borer, Dectes texanus, in Soybean PI165673

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Lina M. Aguirre-Rojas ◽  
Lawrent L. Buschman ◽  
Brian McCornack ◽  
William T. Schapaugh ◽  
Erin D. Scully ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance

Dectes texanus larvae girdles the stems of soybean and cultivated sunflowers causing significant yield losses in North America. The soybean Plant Introduction (PI) 165673 exhibits antibiosis resistance to the larval stage. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the inheritance of D. texanus resistance in PI165673; (2) evaluate PI165673 antibiosis resistance before 21 d post infestation; (3) evaluate girdling damage in PI16563 at the end of the season. K07-1544/PI165673 F2 and F2:3 populations were tested for resistance to D. texanus in 2011 and 2012, and PI165673 antibiosis resistance and girdling damage were evaluated in 2014. Segregation for resistance to D. texanus and heritability estimates in the F2 and F2:3 populations indicated that resistance was controlled by two genes with dominant and recessive epistasis. Antibiosis evaluations indicated: (1) PI165673 contained lower number of larvae and eggs relative to the number of oviposition punctures at 15 d post infestation; (2) the proportion of first-instar larvae was higher in PI165673 at 15 d post infestation; (3) larvae reach the sixth-instar stage in PI165673. None of the PI165673 plants were girdled at the end of the season. Identification of additional sources of D. texanus resistance is required to impair larval development in the stem.

The Post-embryonic Development of the Tracheal System in Drosophila melanogaster

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (41) ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
JOAN M. WHITTEN
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Abdominal Region ◽  
Pupal Cuticle

The fate of the tracheal system is traced from the first larval instar to the adult stage. The basic larval pattern conforms to that shown for other Diptera Cyclorrhapha (Whitten, 1955), and is identical in all three instars. According to previous accounts the adult system directly replaces the larval: the larval system is partly shed, partly histolysed, and the adult system arises from imaginal cell clusters independently of the preceding larval system. In contrast, it is shown here that in the cephalic, thoracic, and anterior abdominal region there is a definite continuity in the tracheal system, from larval, through pupal to the adult stage, whereas in the posterior abdominal region the larval system is histolysed, and the adult system is independent of it in origin. Moreover, in the pupal stage this region is tracheated by tracheae arising from the anterior abdominal region and belonging to a distinct pupal system. Moulting of the tracheal linings is complete at the first and second larval ecdyses, but incomplete at the third larval-pupal and pupal-adult ecdyses. In consequence, in both pupal and adult systems there are tracheae which are secreted around preexisting tracheae, others formed as new ‘branch’ tracheae, and those which have been carried over from the previous instar. In the adult the newly formed tracheae of the posterior abdominal region fall into a fourth category. Most of the adult thoracic air sacs correspond to new ‘branch’ tracheae of other instars. The pre-pupal moult and instar are discussed with reference to the tracheal system and tentative suggestions are made concerning the true nature of the pre-pupal cuticle. There is no pre-pupal tracheal system. Events traced for Drosophila would seem to be general for Cyclorrhapha, both Acalypterae and Calypterae. The separate fates of the anterior and posterior abdom inal systems, in contrast with the straightforward development in Dipterc Nematocera, would appear to mark a distinct step in the evolution of the system in Diptera.

The Influence of Ephestia Kuehniella on the Development of its Parasite Nemeritis Canescens

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-304
Author(s):  
SARAH A. CORBET
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Insect Parasites

1. The first larval instar of Nemeritis lasts longer in young caterpillars of Ephestia than it does in older caterpillars. First-instar Nemeritis larvae in young hosts feed and grow very slowly, but they remain capable of fast growth if transferred to older host caterpillars. 2. Measurements of the protein concentration, the amino acid concentration and the freezing-point depression show rapid changes in the composition of the haemolymph of Ephestia caterpillars at that stage of larval development at which they first become capable of supporting the fast development of first-instar larvae of Nemeritis. 3. It is suggested that the rate of development of Nemeritis larvae depends on their rate of feeding, and that their rate of feeding is determined by a behavioural response to the composition of their food, the host's haemolymph; they feed slowly in young host caterpillars because the concentration of solutes (notably amino acids) in their food is so high. 4. A similar situation may hold when the development of insect parasites is delayed in diapausing hosts.

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