Screening method for serum .GAMMA.-globulin concentration using a sulfosalicylic acid solution containing Triton X-100 as a precipitant.

Abstract We report a new micro-scale (0.1-mL sample) turbidimetric method for determination of protein by use of benzethonium chloride in alkali. The method is highly specific for protein, has a higher sensitivity than the classic method of Lowry et al., and shows satisfactory reproducibility and recovery. The turbidity produced in our method is the same for albumin and gamma-globulin and is more stable than in Meulemans' method (in which sulfosalicylic acid is used) or in the method of Bossak et al. (in which trichloracetic acid is used). In contrast to Pesce and Strande's method, there is no manipulative loss of protein.

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Immunoprecipitation of the lutropin receptor. Loss of receptor molecules during down-regulation

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2240467 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 224 (2) ◽

pp. 467-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M K Metsikkö ◽

H J Rajaniemi

Keyword(s):

Gamma Globulin ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Gonadotropin Receptor ◽

Reducing Conditions ◽

Lutropin Receptor ◽

Rat Ovary ◽

Triton X ◽

Receptor Antibodies

Specific anti-(lutropin receptor) antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with lutropin receptor purified from pseudopregnant rat ovary. The anti-receptor serum at 1:100 dilution together with anti-(rabbit gamma-globulin) serum immunoprecipitated 70% of 3H-labelled, purified lutropin receptor and 42% of 125I-chorio-gonadotropin-receptor complex. The antiserum inhibited hormone binding to rat ovarian particles. Pseudopregnant rat ovarian particles were labelled with periodate/NaB3H4 and solubilized with Triton X-100. The Triton X-100 extract was subjected to immunoprecipitation using the anti-receptor serum. When the immunoprecipitate was dissolved and analysed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate under reducing conditions followed by fluorography, a receptor polypeptide with an apparent Mr 95000 was detected. A receptor down-regulating dose of choriogonadotropin was injected into pseudopregnant rats and their ovaries were removed and homogenized 4 days later, and analysed for immunoprecipitable receptors as above. No receptor molecules were found. Accordingly, the lutropin receptor molecules actually disappear rather than merely become masked from hormone during homologous down-regulation.

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Urine contains an inhibitor for turbidimetric determinations of protein.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/28.11.2294 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 2294-2296

Author(s):

J Nakamura ◽

M Yakata

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mass ◽

Gamma Globulin ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Relative Molecular Mass ◽

Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽

Turbidimetric Method ◽

Analytical Recovery ◽

Dye Binding ◽

Turbidimetric Assay ◽

Contrast Measurement

Abstract Our examination of urine components separated by gel filtration revealed the presence of an inhibitor that decreases the analytical recovery of protein in a turbidimetric assay involving sulfosalicylic acid as reagent (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92: 748, 1956). The apparent relative molecular mass of this inhibitor was in the range 160 000-240 000. A study with purified proteins showed a similar inhibition by gamma-globulin, glycoprotein, and beta-lipoprotein in the assay of albumin by the same turbidimetric method. In contrast, measurement of protein by a dye binding method was not affected by these materials. The low values for apparent urinary protein given by the turbidimetric method as compared with those by the dye-binding method are at least partly ascribable to the inhibitor.

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Compartmentation of amino acids in the rat kidney

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1996.270.1.f154 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (1) ◽

pp. F154-F163 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Silbernagl ◽

K. Volker ◽

W. H. Dantzler

Keyword(s):

Renal Cortex ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Cortical Cell ◽

Cell Water ◽

Short Term ◽

Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽

Osmotic Adaptation ◽

Triton X ◽

Total Tissue ◽

Amino Acid Concentrations

Amino acid concentrations ([AA]) were determined in cortical, outer and inner medullary (OM and IM), and papillary tissue of rat kidney (Cti, mmol/kg wet wt), in plasma (Cpl), and in urine. In all regions, Cti values were highest for Tau, Gly, and Glu-, making up 54-65% of the total [AA]:27, 21, and 11 mmol/kg wet wt in cortex, OM, and IM and papilla, respectively. Cortical cell water [AA] values (CcH2O, mmol/kgH2O) were between 12.4 (Tau) and 0.09 (Orn+), representing cell water-to-plasma water ratios (CcH2O/CpH2O) between 134 (Asp-) and 0.9 (Thr and Cit). Short-term water diuresis did not change the total tissue [AA] throughout the kidney. Treatment of the tissue with Triton X-100 instead of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) resulted in much higher [AA], except for Glu-, Glu-NH2, Tau, and exogenous L-homoarginine+ (hoArg+). When hoArg+ was infused (leading to a Cpl = 5.9 mmol/l), Cti of hoArg+ was similar throughout the kidney (13-22 mmol/kg wet wt). In the presence of hoArg+, CcH2O/CpH2O of Arg+ rose 13-fold. We conclude that 1) AA contribute 20% to cytosolic osmolality in renal cortex, 2) total [AA] decreases from cortex to papilla, 3) cellular uptake of Tau and anionic AA must be rheogenic, whereas cationic AA (except for Arg+ in cortex) are passively distributed, and 4) AA do not seem to contribute quantitatively to short-term medullary osmotic adaptation during diuresis.

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Direct determination of arsenobetaine and total As in robalo fish liver and tuna fish candidate reference material by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (SLS-GF AAS)

Eclética Química Journal ◽

10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v44.2.2019.p37-44 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Carla Maíra Bossu ◽

Vivian Montes de Oca Carioni ◽

Juliana Naozuka ◽

Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira ◽

Cassiana Seimi Nomura

Keyword(s):

Reference Material ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Screening Method ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Fish Tissue ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Tuna Fish ◽

Chemical Modifiers ◽

Gf Aas ◽

Triton X

This work describes a simple and rapid screening method for direct speciation of arsenobetaine (AsB) in tuna fish tissue and total As in tuna fish tissue and robalo liver using SLS-GF AAS. All procedures were proposed after careful optimization of pyrolysis and evaluation of chemical modifiers. Best results for total As were acquired using 25 µg Pd + 15 µg Mg + 0.1% w/v Triton X-100 in tuna fish (4.4 ± 0.3 mg kg-1) and 100 µg Pd + 0.1 % w/v Triton X-100 solution in robalo liver (10.3 ± 0.6 mg kg-1) as chemical modifiers. The direct speciation of AsB (3.6 ± 0.4 mg kg-1) in tuna fish was achieved when 5 µg Pd + 3 µg Mg + 0.1% w/v Triton X-100 was used as a chemical modifier. Accuracy was verified using a tuna fish certified reference material (CRM BCR 627), with statistically equivalent concentrations (Student’s t-test) for both total As and AsB.

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The Evaluation of a Multi-endpoint Cytotoxicity Assay System

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299302100114 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniela Renzi ◽

Marinella Valtolina ◽

Roy Forster

Keyword(s):

Actinomycin D ◽

Screening Method ◽

Neutral Red ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽

V79 Cells ◽

Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽

Wide Range ◽

Neutral Red Uptake ◽

Triton X

The aim of this study was to evaluate a multi-endpoint cytotoxicity screening method using V79 cells based on four different endpoints of cytotoxicity: trypan blue exclusion, reduction of XTT, neutral red uptake and total protein content. In addition, cell morphology was routinely observed after each treatment. Seven compounds were studied, which can be divided into five classes: protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide, actinomycin D); inhibitors of cell division (bleomycin, vincristine); membrane-active compounds (Triton X-100); lysosomotropic agents (ammonium chloride); and general toxicants (sodium chloride). We obtained a variety of different toxicity profiles, which may be useful in defining the mechanisms of toxic action of these compounds. The multi-endpoint screening system proved to be readily applicable, robust and rapid, and gave reliable toxicity results over a wide range of chemical concentrations.

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Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola

BMC Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12896-019-0582-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (S2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patrizia Sacchetti ◽

Roberta Pastorelli ◽

Gaia Bigiotti ◽

Roberto Guidi ◽

Sara Ruschioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Acid Solution ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Bacterial Symbiont ◽

Olive Fruit Fly ◽

Olive Fruit ◽

Triton X ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Background The symbiosis between the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, and Candidatus Erwinia dacicola has been demonstrated as essential for the fly’s larval development and adult physiology. The mass rearing of the olive fruit fly has been hindered by several issues, including problems which could be related to the lack of the symbiont, presumably due to preservatives and antibiotics currently used during rearing under laboratory conditions. To better understand the mechanisms underlying symbiont removal or loss during the rearing of lab colonies of the olive fruit fly, we performed experiments that focused on bacterial transfer from wild female flies to their eggs. In this research, eggs laid by wild females were treated with propionic acid solution, which is often used as an antifungal agent, a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X, or water (as a control). The presence of the bacterial symbiont on eggs was evaluated by real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy. Results DGGE analysis showed a clear band with the same migration behavior present in all DGGE profiles but with a decreasing intensity. Molecular analyses performed by real-time PCR showed a significant reduction in Ca. E. dacicola abundance in eggs treated with propionic acid solution or a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X compared to those treated with water. In addition, the removal of bacteria from the surfaces of treated eggs was highlighted by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusions The results clearly indicate how the first phases of the colony-establishment process are important in maintaining the symbiont load in laboratory populations and suggest that the use of products with antimicrobial activity should be avoided. The results also suggest that alternative rearing procedures for the olive fruit fly should be investigated.

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Growth and characterization of anodic films on aluminum alloys in 5-sulfosalicylic acid solution

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.05.022 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 200 (16-17) ◽

pp. 5071-5076 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M.F. Morks ◽

Abdel Salam Hamdy ◽

N.F. Fahim ◽

M.A. Shoeib

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloys ◽

Acid Solution ◽

Anodic Films ◽

Sulfosalicylic Acid

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Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiontCandidatusErwinia dacicola

10.1101/367417 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrizia Sacchetti ◽

Roberta Pastorelli ◽

Gaia Bigiotti ◽

Roberto Guidi ◽

Sara Ruschioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Acid Solution ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Olive Fruit Fly ◽

Olive Fruit ◽

Triton X ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractBackground: The symbiosis between the olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae, andCandidatusErwinia dacicola has been demonstrated as essential for the fly’s larval development and adult physiology. The mass rearing of the olive fruit fly has been hindered by several issues, including problems which could be related to the lack of the symbiont, presumably due to preservatives and antibiotics currently used in the laboratory. To better understand the mechanisms underlying symbiont removal or loss during the rearing of lab colonies of the olive fruit fly, we performed experiments that focused on bacterial transfer from wild female flies to their eggs. In this research, eggs laid by wild females were treated with propionic acid solution, which is often used as an antifungal agent, a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X, or water (as a control). The presence of the bacterial symbiont on eggs was evaluated by real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy.Results: DGGE analysis showed a clear band with the same migration behavior present in all DGGE profiles but with a decreasing intensity. Molecular analyses performed by real-time PCR showed a significant reduction inCa. E. dacicola abundance in eggs treated with propionic acid solution or a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X compared to those treated with water. In addition, the removal of bacteria from the surfaces of treated eggs was highlighted by scanning electron microscopy.Conclusions: The results clearly indicate how the first phases of the colony-establishment process are important in maintaining the symbiont load in laboratory populations and suggest that the use of products with antimicrobial activity should be avoided. The results also suggest that alternative rearing procedures for the olive fruit fly should be investigated.

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Extended Preservation of Iron for Transmission

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061781 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 354-355

Author(s):

E. P. Abrahamson II ◽

M. W. Dumais

Keyword(s):

Acid Solution ◽

Perchloric Acid ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Perchloric Acid Solution ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Iron Base ◽

Cold Stage

In a transmission microscopy study of iron and dilute iron base alloys, it was determined that it is possible to preserve specimens for extended periods of time. Our specimens were prepunched from 5 to 8 mil sheet to microscope size and annealed for several hours at 700°C. They were then thinned in a glacial acetic-12 percent perchloric acid solution using 10 volts and 20 milliamperes, at a temperature of 8 to 14°C.It was noted that by the use of a cold stage, the same specimen can be observed for periods up to one week without excess contamination. When removal of the specimen from the column becomes necessary, it was observed that a specimen may be kept for later observation in 1,2 dichloroethene or methanol for periods in excess of two weeks.

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