Analytical Study of Effects of Flow Rate, Capillarity, and Gravity on CO2/Brine Multiphase-Flow System in Horizontal Corefloods

SPE Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 708-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Kuo ◽  
Sally M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range

Summary This paper presents an approximate semianalytical solution for predicting the average steady-state saturation during multiphase coreflood experiments across a wide range of capillary and gravity numbers. Recently, the influences of flow rate, gravity, and subcore heterogeneity on brine displacement efficiency have been studied with the 3D simulator TOUGH2 (Kuo et al. 2010). These studies have demonstrated that the average saturation depends on the capillary and gravity numbers in a predictable way. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple and approximate semianalytical solution for predicting the average saturation (during two-phase coreflood experiments across a wide range of flow rates) for different average rock properties and fluid pairs. A 2D analysis of the governing equations for the multiphase-flow system at steady state is used to develop the approximate semianalytical solution. We have developed a new criterion to identify the viscous-dominated regime at the core scale. Variations of interfacial tension (IFT), core permeability, and length of the core and the effects of buoyancy, capillary, and viscous forces are all accounted for in the semianalytical solutions. We also have shown that three dimensionless numbers (NB, Ngv, Rl) and two critical gravity numbers (Ngv,c1, Ngv,c2) are required to properly capture the balance of viscous, gravity, and capillary forces. There is good agreement between the average saturations calculated from the 3D simulations and the analytical model. This new model can be used to design and interpret multiphase-flow coreflood experiments, gain better understanding of multiphase-flow displacement efficiency across a wide range of conditions and for different fluid pairs, and perhaps even provide a tool for studying the influence of subgrid-scale multiphase-flow phenomena on reservoir-scale simulations.

Evaluation of a Close Coupled Slotted Orifice, Electric Impedance, and Swirl Flow Meters for Multiphase Flow

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Morrison ◽  
Sahand Pirouzpanah ◽  
Muhammet Cevik ◽  
Abhay Patil
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Mixture Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Impedance Sensor

The feasibility of a multiphase flow meter utilizing closely coupled slotted orifice and swirl flow meters along with an impedance sensor is investigated. The slotted flow meter has been shown to exhibit well behaved response curves to two phase flow mixtures with the pressure difference monotonically increasing with mixture density and flow rate. It has been determined to have less than 1% uncertainty in determining the flow rate if the density of the fluid is known. Flow visualizations have shown that the slotted orifice is a very good mixing device as well producing a homogenous mixture for several pipe diameters downstream of the plate. This characteristic is utilized to provide a homogeneous mixture at the inlet to the swirl meter. This is possible since the slotted orifice is relatively insensitive to upstream and downstream flow disturbances. The swirl meter has been shown to indicate decreased flow rate as the mixture density increases which is opposite to the slotted orifice making the solution of the two meter outputs to obtain density and flow rate feasible. Additional instrumentation is included. Between the slotted orifice and swirl meter where the flow is homogenous a custom manufactured electrical impedance sensor is installed and monitored. This array of instrumentation will provide three independent measurements which are evaluated to determine which system of equations are robust enough to provide accurate density and flow rate measurement over a wide range of gas volume fractions using a very compact system.

scholarly journals Effect of the Flow Rate on the Relative Permeability Curve in the CO2 and Brine System for CO2 Sequestration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Gu Sun Jeong ◽  
Seil Ki ◽  
Dae Sung Lee ◽  
Ilsik Jang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Co2 Flow

The relative permeabilities of CO2 and brine are important parameters that account for two-phase flow behavior, CO2 saturation distribution, and injectivity. CO2/brine relative permeability curves from the literature show low endpoint CO2 permeability values and high residual brine saturation values. These are the most distinguishing aspects of the CO2/brine relative permeability from oil/water and gas/oil. In this study, this aspect is investigated experimentally by employing a wide range of CO2 injection flow rates. As a result, all the measurements align with previous studies, having low endpoint relative permeability and high residual brine saturation values. They have obvious relationships with the changes in CO2 flow rates. As the CO2 flow rate increases, the endpoint relative permeability increases, the residual brine saturation decreases, and they converge to specific values. These imply that a high CO2 injection flow rate results in high displacement efficiency, but the improvement in efficiency decreases as the flow rate increases. The reasons are identified with the concept of the viscous and capillary forces, and their significance in the CO2 injection into a reservoir is analyzed.

Computational Analysis of Two Phase Flow Distribution in a Horizonatal Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1466-1471
Author(s):  
V. Jagan ◽  
K. Mohan Babu ◽  
A. Satheesh ◽  
D. Santhosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Steady State Solution ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Wide Range

In this paper, a two phase flow distribution in a horizontal pipe is numerically analyzed by solving one dimensional steady state momentum equation for predicting the pressure drop (∆P), quality of steam at outlet of the pipe (X), void fraction (α). The heat absorbed by the pipe (Q) and the mass flow rate (W) of water are varied over a wide range to investigate the above parameters. The locations of the two phase mixture are discussed. Pressure drop along the pipe is inconsistent for different flow rate so, the stable and unstable steady state solution is also carried out using Linear Stability analysis. The present numerical results are compared with the reported data from the literature and found that they are in good agreement. This study is used to calculate the pressure, temperature, hold up and quality within the horizontal pipe.

Experimental, Numerical, and Statistical Investigation of Two Phase Flow in a Cylindrical Perforation Tunnel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekhwaiter Abobaker ◽  
Abadelhalim Elsanoose ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Amer Aborig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract Perforation is the final stage in well completion that helps to connect reservoir formations to wellbores during hydrocarbon production. The drilling perforation technique maximizes the reservoir productivity index by minimizing damage. This can be best accomplished by attaining a better understanding of fluid flows that occur in the near-wellbore region during oil and gas operations. The present work aims to enhance oil recovery by modelling a two-phase flow through the near-wellbore region, thereby expanding industry knowledge about well performance. An experimental procedure was conducted to investigate the behavior of two-phase flow through a cylindrical perforation tunnel. Statistical analysis was coupled with numerical simulation to expand the investigation of fluid flow in the near-wellbore region that cannot be obtained experimentally. The statistical analysis investigated the effect of several parameters, including the liquid and gas flow rate, liquid viscosity, permeability, and porosity, on the injection build-up pressure and the time needed to reach a steady-state flow condition. Design-Expert® Design of Experiments (DoE) software was used to determine the numerical simulation runs using the ANOVA analysis with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model and ANSYS-FLUENT was used to analyses the numerical simulation of the porous media tunnel by applying the volume of fluid method (VOF). The experimental data were validated to the numerical results, and the comparison of results was in good agreement. The numerical and statistical analysis demonstrated each investigated parameter’s effect. The permeability, flow rate, and viscosity of the liquid significantly affect the injection pressure build-up profile, and porosity and gas flow rate substantially affect the time required to attain steady-state conditions. In addition, two correlations obtained from the statistical analysis can be used to predict the injection build-up pressure and the required time to reach steady state for different scenarios. This work will contribute to the clarification and understanding of the behavior of multiphase flow in the near-wellbore region.

scholarly journals Validation of the generalized model of two-phase thermosyphon loop based on experimental measurements of volumetric flow rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Bieliński
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The One

AbstractThe current paper presents the experimental validation of the generalized model of the two-phase thermosyphon loop. The generalized model is based on mass, momentum, and energy balances in the evaporators, rising tube, condensers and the falling tube. The theoretical analysis and the experimental data have been obtained for a new designed variant. The variant refers to a thermosyphon loop with both minichannels and conventional tubes. The thermosyphon loop consists of an evaporator on the lower vertical section and a condenser on the upper vertical section. The one-dimensional homogeneous and separated two-phase flow models were used in calculations. The latest minichannel heat transfer correlations available in literature were applied. A numerical analysis of the volumetric flow rate in the steady-state has been done. The experiment was conducted on a specially designed test apparatus. Ultrapure water was used as a working fluid. The results show that the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the measured volumetric flow rate at steady-state.

Assessment of Dimensionless Correlations for Prediction of Refrigerant Mass Flow Rate Through Capillary Tubes — A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 1730004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Rasti ◽  
Ji Hwan Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Dimensionless Correlations

Capillary tubes are widely used as expansion devices in small-capacity refrigeration systems. Since the refrigerant flow through the capillary tubes is complex, many researchers presented empirical dimensionless correlations to predict the refrigerant mass flow rate. A comprehensive review of the dimensionless correlations for the prediction of refrigerants mass flow rate through straight and coiled capillary tubes depending on their geometry and adiabatic or diabatic capillary tubes depending on the flow configurations has been discussed. A comprehensive review shows that most of previous dimensionless correlations have problems such as discontinuity at the saturated lines or ability to predict the refrigerant mass flow rate only for the capillary tube subcooled inlet condition. The correlations suggested by Rasti et al. and Rasti and Jeong appeared to be general and continuous and these correlations can be used to predict the refrigerant mass flow rate through all the types of capillary tubes with wide range of capillary tube inlet conditions including subcooled liquid, two-phase mixture, and superheated vapor conditions.

A 3D Transient Model for the Multiphase Flow in a Progressing-Cavity Pump

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1458-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor W. de Azevedo ◽  
João A. de Lima ◽  
Emilio E. Paladino
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Homogeneous Model ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Viscous Losses ◽  
Constant Displacement ◽  
Gas Volume

Summary This paper presents the development of a computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) model for the 3D transient two-phase flow within a progressing-cavity pump (PCP). The model implementation was only possible because of the meticulous mesh-generation and mesh-motion algorithm, previously published by the authors, which is briefly described herein. In this algorithm, a structured mesh was generated by defining all nodes’ positions and connectivities, for each rotor position by means of FORTRAN subroutines, which were embodied into ANSYS CFX software. The model is capable of predicting accurately the volumetric efficiency and the viscous losses, and it provides detailed information of pressure and velocity fields and void distribution along the pump. Such information could be of fundamental importance for product development and/or optimization for field operation. In field applications, the common situation is that in which the oil comes into the pump accompanied with free gas, which characterizes a multiphase flow. Simplified models on the basis of the calculation of the backflow or “slippage,” which is subtracted from the displaced flow rate, fail to characterize the PCP performance under multiphase conditions because the slip is variable along the pump. In this model, the governing equations were solved with an element-based finite-volume method in a moving mesh. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach, considering the homogeneous model, is used to model the flow of the gas/liquid mixture. The compressibility of the gas is taken into account, which is one of the main shortcomings in positive/constant displacement pumps. The effects of the different gas-volume fractions (GVFs) in pump volumetric efficiency, pressure distribution, power, slippage flow rate, and volumetric flow rate were analyzed, and some new insights are presented about the slippage in PCPs operating in multiphase conditions. The results show that the developed model is capable of reproducing pump dynamic behavior under multiphase-flow conditions performed early in experimental works.

Low-Dimensional Modeling of Transient Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Meziou ◽  
Majdi Chaari ◽  
Matthew Franchek ◽  
Rafik Borji ◽  
Karolos Grigoriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Holdup ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
State Pressure

Presented are reduced-order models of one-dimensional transient two-phase gas–liquid flow in pipelines. The proposed model is comprised of a steady-state multiphase flow mechanistic model in series with a transient single-phase flow model in transmission lines. The steady-state model used in our formulation is a multiphase flow mechanistic model. This model captures the steady-state pressure drop and liquid holdup estimation for all pipe inclinations. Our implementation of this model will be validated against the Stanford University multiphase flow database. The transient portion of our model is based on a transmission line modal model. The model parameters are realized by developing equivalent fluid properties that are a function of the steady-state pressure gradient and liquid holdup identified through the mechanistic model. The model ability to reproduce the dynamics of multiphase flow in pipes is evaluated upon comparison to olga, a commercial multiphase flow dynamic code, using different gas volume fractions (GVF). The two models show a good agreement of the steady-state response and the frequency of oscillation indicating a similar estimation of the transmission line natural frequency. However, they present a discrepancy in the overshoot values and the settling time due to a difference in the calculated damping ratio. The utility of the developed low-dimensional model is the reduced computational burden of estimating transient multiphase flow in transmission lines, thereby enabling real-time estimation of pressure and flow rate.

scholarly journals Wettability control on multiphase flow in patterned microfluidics

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (37) ◽  
pp. 10251-10256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benzhong Zhao ◽  
Christopher W. MacMinn ◽  
Ruben Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Wetting Transition ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Pore Filling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Multiphase flow in porous media is important in many natural and industrial processes, including geologic CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and water infiltration into soil. Although it is well known that the wetting properties of porous media can vary drastically depending on the type of media and pore fluids, the effect of wettability on multiphase flow continues to challenge our microscopic and macroscopic descriptions. Here, we study the impact of wettability on viscously unfavorable fluid–fluid displacement in disordered media by means of high-resolution imaging in microfluidic flow cells patterned with vertical posts. By systematically varying the wettability of the flow cell over a wide range of contact angles, we find that increasing the substrate’s affinity to the invading fluid results in more efficient displacement of the defending fluid up to a critical wetting transition, beyond which the trend is reversed. We identify the pore-scale mechanisms—cooperative pore filling (increasing displacement efficiency) and corner flow (decreasing displacement efficiency)—responsible for this macroscale behavior, and show that they rely on the inherent 3D nature of interfacial flows, even in quasi-2D media. Our results demonstrate the powerful control of wettability on multiphase flow in porous media, and show that the markedly different invasion protocols that emerge—from pore filling to postbridging—are determined by physical mechanisms that are missing from current pore-scale and continuum-scale descriptions.

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