A Zeta Potentiometric Study on Effects of Ionic Composition and Rock-Saturation on Surface-Charge Interactions in Low-Salinity Water Flooding for Carbonate Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras Himmat Gopani ◽  
Navpreet Singh ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Sarma ◽  
Digambar S. Negi ◽  
Padmaja S. Mattey
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Potentiometric Studies ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
Charge Interactions

Abstract As carbonate reservoirs are mostly oil-wet, the potential for the success of a waterflooding is lower. Therefore, a primary focus during waterflooding such reservoirs is on the ionic composition and salinity of injected brine which are able to impact the alteration of the rock wettability favorably by altering the surface charge towards a higher negative value or close to zero. The objective of this study is to employ zeta potentiometric studies comprising streaming potential and streaming current techniques to quantify the surface interactions and charges between the carbonate rock and fluid type as a function of the variations in its ionic state and rock saturation. Zeta potentiometric studies were conducted on carbonate rock samples to understand the behavior of different aqueous solutions by variation in the brine's salinity and ionic composition and the results were integrated with wettability studies. The concentrations of potential-determining ions (PDIs) such as SO42-, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the injected brines are deemed responsible for altering the wettability state of the carbonate rocks. Several diluted brines (25%, 10% and 1% diluted seawater) and smart brines have been investigated. Smart brines were prepared by spiking the concentration of major PDIs. All zeta potential measurements were conducted using a specially designed zeta potentiometer sample-holding clamp capable of using the whole core plugs rather than pulverized rock samples. A major advantage of using the whole core sample is that the same core can be used in subsequent coreflooding tests, thus making zeta potentiometric results more relevant and representative for a particular rock-fluid system used in the study. The classical streaming potential and streaming current techniques were used for zeta potential measurement. The Fairbrother-Mastin approach was used where the streaming potential is measured against different pressure differentials. Measurements were also carried out for brines with rock samples of different states: oil-saturated, water-saturated and rock samples cleaned with organic solvents to determine any likely variations in surface charge interactions. The results of our experiments imply that the value of zeta potential either increases or becomes more negative with increasing percentage of dilution (25%, 10%, and 1%). This can be attributed to electrical double-layer expansion which is primarily caused by reduced ionic strength. Furthermore, with measurements done on smart brines, zeta potential value was also found to be increased when different diluted brines are spiked with ionic concentration of PDIs such as sulfate. This could have been caused by surface ion alteration mechanism where PDIs get adsorbed on rock surface causing possible detachment of oil droplets. Both the phenomena are known mechanisms for altering wettability towards more water wetness in carbonate rocks and are discussed in detail.

How to use alum with cationic dispersed rosin size

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEBO XU ◽  
JEREMY MYERS ◽  
PETER HART
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laboratory Results

Retention of cationic dispersed rosin size was studied via turbidity measurements on stock filtrate with different alum and dispersed rosin size dosages. Stock charge characteristics were analyzed using both an analysis of charge demand determined via a streaming current detector and an evaluation of zeta potential of the fibers by streaming potential measurement. The results indicated that an optimum amount of alum existed such that good sizing retention was maintained throughout a wide range of dispersed rosin size dosages. However, when an excessive amount of alum was used and fines and colloidal particles were transitioned from anionic to cationic, the cationic size retention was reduced. Laboratory results were confirmed with a paper machine trial. All data suggested that a stock charge study was necessary to identify optimal alum dosage for a cationic dispersed rosin sizing program.

The Determination of Electrokinetic Coupling-Coefficient and Zeta Potential of Rock Samples by Electrokinetic Measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1870-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Heng Shan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Surface Conductivity ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Surface Conductance ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
Low Concentrations

The electrokinetic effects are important in the understanding of electric properties in porous medium. In this study, the streaming potential and streaming current of saturated samples are measured at different concentrations, then three methods are applied to obtain the zeta-potential and electrokinetic coupling coefficient. The study shows that the results obtained from streaming potential and streaming current methods agree well with each other, but the results obtained from simplified streaming potential method become seriously inaccurate at low concentrations due to the influence of surface conductance. This experimental study also provides a reliable estimate of the surface conductivity and its contribution to zeta-potential at given concentrations.

Measurement Of Streaming Potential Coupling Coefficient On Carbonate Rocks For Downhole Monitoring In Smart Wells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaidi Jaafar ◽  
Ali Pourbasirat
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Smart Wells ◽  
Downhole Monitoring ◽  
Downhole Sensors

Telaga pintar merujuk kepada telaga yang mengandungi downhole sensors dan injap kawalan aliran masuk (ICV) yang dipasang pada tiub pengeluaran. Telaga ini membenarkan pengendali untuk merekodkan kadar aliran bendalir, suhu dan tekanan yang berterusan semasa pengeluaran. Baru–baru ini, pengukuran streaming potential dalam telaga pintar telah dicadangkan untuk memantau pencerobohan air. Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat ketidakpastian yang signifikan yang dikaitkan dengan tafsiran ukuran, terutamanya mengenai pekali gandingan streaming potential. Ini adalah ciri petrofizik utama yang menentukan magnitud streaming potential untuk potensi bendalir yang tertentu. Magnitud streaming potential pada asasnya berkait dengan kadar aliran bendalir, sifat–sifat bendalir (khususnya kemasinan), dan sifat–sifat matriks batuan. Pekali gandingan telah diukur secara uji kaji dalam teras batu pasir yang tepu dengan kemasinan air garam yang berbeza, tetapi sangat sedikit hasil ujikaji telah diterbitkan bagi batuan karbonat. Bilangan reservor karbonat yang besar di seluruh dunia menyarankan bahawa pengukuran streaming potential dalam batuan karbonat juga penting. Dalam kajian ini, kami kemukakan nilai pekali gandingan streaming potential bagi batu karbonat yang tepu dengan berbagai kemasinan air garam. Seperti yang kami jangkakan, streaming potential bagi teras itu adalah kecil tetapi masih boleh diukur, dan kemasinan yang lebih tinggi memberikan pekali gandingan streaming potential yang lebih kecil. Keputusan yang diperolehi adalah konsisten hasil penggunaan elektrod yang direka khas dan ujikaji pam berpasangan untuk menghapuskan potensi elektrik palsu. Kami mendapati bahawa pekali gandingan streaming potential di dalam batu karbonat adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan yang ada di teras batu pasir yang ditepukan dengan kemasinan air garam yang sama. Pemerhatian ini boleh dijelaskan dengan membandingkan perbezaan titik caj sifar (pzc) di antara kedua–dua jenis batu. Secara kualitatif, hasil ujikaji menunjukkan bahawa pengukuran streaming potential boleh digunakan untuk memantau pencerobohan air di dalam reservor karbonat, sama seperti ia digunakan untuk reservor batu pasir. Kata kunci: Streaming potential; elektrokinetik; pemantauan bawah telaga; telaga pintar; water encroachment; kawalan pengeluaran air; batu karbonat Smart wells refer to wells containing downhole sensors and inflow control valves (ICV) mounted on the production tubing. These wells allow the operator to record fluid flow rates, temperature and pressure incessantly. Recently, streaming potential measurement in smart wells has been proposed to monitor water encroachment. However, there are still significant uncertainties associated with the interpretation of the measurements, particularly concerning the streaming potential coupling coefficient. This is a key petrophysical property that dictates the magnitude of the streaming potential for a given fluid potential. Streaming potential magnitude is basically related to the fluid flow rate, fluid properties (particularly salinity), and the rock matrix properties. The coupling coefficient has been measured experimentally in sandstone cores saturated with different brine salinities, but very little works have been published on carbonate rocks. The huge number of carbonate reservoirs around the world suggests that measurement of streaming potential in carbonate rocks is also important. In this study, we present value of streaming potential coupling coefficient in a carbonate rock saturated with various salinities of brine. As we expected, streaming potential in such core is small but measurable and higher salinity gives smaller streaming potential coupling coefficient. Consistent results are obtained using specially designed electrodes and paired pumping experiments to eliminate spurious electrical potentials. We noticed that streaming potential coupling coefficient in carbonate rock is lower compared to the one in sandstone cores saturated with the same salinity of brine. This observation could be explained by comparing the difference in Point of zero charges (pzc) between those two types of rock. Qualitatively, the result suggests that measurements of streaming potential could be applied for monitoring water encroachment in carbonate reservoirs, in the same manner it is applied for sandstones reservoirs. Key words: Streaming potential; electrokinetics; downhole monitoring; intelligent wells; water encroachment; produced water control; carbonate rocks

The zeta potential of extended dielectrics and conductors in terms of streaming potential and streaming current measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 9758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo M. Gallardo-Moreno ◽  
Virginia Vadillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Julia Perera-Núñez ◽  
José M. Bruque ◽  
M. Luisa González-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Streaming Current

Measurement of the Streaming Potential and Streaming Current near a Rotating Disk to Determine Its Zeta Potential

Langmuir ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 7433-7438 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Hoggard ◽  
Paul J. Sides ◽  
Dennis C. Prieve
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Streaming Current

scholarly journals Relations between Texture Coefficient and Energy Consumption of Gang Saws in Carbonate Rock Cutting Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Dormishi ◽  
Mohammad Ataei ◽  
Reza Mikaeil ◽  
Reza Khalo Kakaei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Texture Coefficient ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Texture Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate

Texture coefficient is one of the most influential parameters in rock engineering specifications in various projects including drilling, cutting, permeability of all-section drilling devices, etc. Meanwhile, investigating and forecasting the energy consumption of saw cutters are one of the most important factors in estimating the cutting costs. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between rock texture characteristics and the amount of energy consumption of the gang saw machine in the process of cutting carbonate rocks. To evaluate the effects of texture on the rocks' engineering specifications, 14 carbonate rock samples were studied. A microscopic thin section was made from each rock specimen. Then, five digital images were taken from each section under a microscope and the values of area, environment, the largest diameter and the smallest diameter of all grains in each image were determined. Using these specifications, the coefficient of texture of all rock samples was calculated and the relationship between the texture coefficient and the rate of energy consumption of the gang saw machine was investigated for the studied samples. The study results indicated that there was a significant relation between the texture coefficient and energy consumption rate in the three groups of carbonate rocks.

EFFECT OF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CARBONATE ROCKS ON THEIR PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mábia Ruana Silva de Sena ◽  
José Agnelo Soares
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Mineral Characterization

ABSTRACT. The construction of digital models from a set of x-ray tomography images of high resolution (μCT) acquired in rock samples is an innovative technique in growing use nowadays. The objectives of this study were: demonstrate the potential of this technique to quantify mineral content of 15 carbonate rock samples from northeastern Brazil, through μCT analysis; to compare the results with the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD); and to evaluate the effect of this mineral composition on the petrophysical properties of these rocks. The results achieved in the simulation of the mineral composition confirmed that the analyzed carbonate rock samples are mainly composed of calcite and or dolomite. In general the XRD results confirmed the mineral composition indicated by μCT, except for amorphous minerals and those with small contents (accessory minerals). The results show the content of major minerals controlling the petrophysical properties, especially grain density and elastic velocities. However, other factors which were assessed through the analysis of μCT, also significantly affected the elastic velocities: porosity, type of porosity (if intergranular or vugular) and proportion of microporosity present in the rock. Keywords: carbonates, microcomputed tomography, mineral characterization, petrophysics, x-ray diffraction. RESUMO. A construção de modelos digitais de rochas a partir de um conjunto de imagens de tomografia de raios de x de alta resolução (μCT) é uma técnica inovadora com uso crescente atualmente. Os objetivos deste estudo são demonstrar o potencial desta técnica para quantificar a composição mineral de quinze amostras de rochas carbonáticas oriundas de bacias sedimentares do nordeste brasileiro, através da análise dos dados de μCT, comparar os resultados com as análises de difração de raios x (DRX), e avaliar o efeito da composição mineral sobre as propriedades petrofísicas dessas rochas. Os resultados obtidos na simulação da composição mineral, através de μCT, indicam que as amostras são compostas principalmente por calcita e/ou dolomita. Em geral os resultados de DRX confirmaram a composição mineral indicada por μCT, exceto para minerais amorfos e para aqueles que apresentam pequenos teores (minerais acessórios). Os resultados demonstram que os minerais principais (com teores mais elevados) controlam as propriedades petrofísicas, especialmente a densidade de grãos e as velocidades elásticas. Entretanto, outros fatores, os quais foram avaliados através da análise de μCT, também afetaram de maneira significativa as velocidades elásticas: porosidade, tipo de porosidade (se intergranular ou vugular) e proporção de microporosidade presente na rocha. Palavras-chave: carbonatos, microtomografia de raios x, caracterização mineral, petrofísica, difração de raios x.

scholarly journals A New Framework to Quantify the Wetting Behaviour of Carbonate Rock Surfaces Based on the Relationship between Zeta Potential and Contact Angle

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Rezaei Gomari ◽  
Farida Amrouche ◽  
Ronaldo G. Santos ◽  
Hugh Christopher Greenwell ◽  
Pablo Cubillas
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Surface Wetting ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Framework

This study introduces a new framework to quantify the wettability of powdered carbonate rock from existing correlations between zeta potential and contact angle. The new framework has the potential to be faster and cheaper than conventional approaches and could increase confidence in surface wetting quantification, since the results are insensitive to the inherent heterogeneity of rock surfaces. The obtained results from experiments were used to develop a set of equations for determining the carbonate rock contact angle from streaming potential data. The equations were validated for the evaluation of changes in the wettability of carbonate rock using different stearic acid oily solutions. The contact angles calculated from the proposed equations were then compared with measured values on the calcite surface. The results show that the proposed framework was able to quantify the wettability of carbonate rock with an acceptable range of error of about 4%–14%.

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