Combination of Terrestrial and Satellite Topography for Pipeline Engineering and Construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Guilbaud ◽  
Tanios Matta ◽  
Tamadher Al Bashr ◽  
Imtiaz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Significant Cost Reduction ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract A method consisting in an optimal combination of conventional topography from a terrestrial acquisition and satellite derived topography is presented. The solution recently implemented in the UAE for the engineering and the construction of a gas export pipeline allows significant cost reduction, time saving, and safety hazard reduction as fewer terrestrial operations are needed. The survey area is split into 2 sub-areas: area with infrastructures requiring a high accuracy is surveyed with terrestrial topographical acquisition methods such as GNSS receivers, the other one with desert conditions is mapped from satellite stereoscopic imagery. Stereoscopic mode refers to when the satellite sensor acquires two images of the same location taken from different angles. Using photogrammetric techniques, it produces a 3D elevation model of the area. The native satellite imagery allows a mapping of the surface features as well. Terrestrial and satellite datasets are finally merged and adjusted to provide engineering and construction contractors with a unique survey dataset. Terrestrial survey methods provide generally 5-10cm horizontal and vertical accuracies whereas satellite topography has accuracy of a few meters, so satellite topography must be controlled and adjusted from terrestrial ground control points which allow to reach an average 50cm absolute accuracy. This is good enough in desert areas with neither particular ground feature nor steep relief requiring complex design. Satellite acquisition has limitations: vegetation masking the ground, steep slopes and dense infrastructures. It is therefore necessary to combine conventional and satellite topography to meet engineering requirements. This is considered when defining the satellite and terrestrial survey areas. Beyond these limitations, this solution has strong advantages. Satellite grid resolution can be better (1-2m versus 5-10m for GNSS surveys). Acquisition and processing are faster (about 2 weeks versus a few weeks or months), and costs are from 10 to 100 times cheaper than conventional methods. No need for personnel and equipment on site, no management of logistics and permitting as well. Finally, it reduces safety hazards such as car accident, harsh weather, manual handling, etc. In addition, limiting the area to be surveyed with conventional equipment may avoid the need to mobilize Airborne photogrammetry or lidar systems usually operated by foreign companies. This limits complex Call for Tender, permitting management and give more opportunity to contract local companies. Satellite topography is widely used for preliminary studies, but the innovation here consists in an optimal combination of terrestrial and satellite datasets for engineering and construction purposes. This solution has however some limitations as it requires suitable conditions for satellite optical imagery acquisitions: no vegetation, limited cloud cover, smooth topography, and limited infrastructures. This is of interest basically in Middle east and North Africa.

scholarly journals CROSS VALIDATION ON THE EQUALITY OF UAV-BASED AND CONTOUR-BASED DEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 1245-1248
Author(s):  
R. Ma ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Irregular Networks ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Uav Images

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have been widely used for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation in geographic applications. This paper proposes a novel framework of generating DEM from UAV images. It starts with the generation of the point clouds by image matching, where the flight control data are used as reference for searching for the corresponding images, leading to a significant time saving. Besides, a set of ground control points (GCP) obtained from field surveying are used to transform the point clouds to the user’s coordinate system. Following that, we use a multi-feature based supervised classification method for discriminating non-ground points from ground ones. In the end, we generate DEM by constructing triangular irregular networks and rasterization. The experiments are conducted in the east of Jilin province in China, which has been suffered from soil erosion for several years. The quality of UAV based DEM (UAV-DEM) is compared with that generated from contour interpolation (Contour-DEM). The comparison shows a higher resolution, as well as higher accuracy of UAV-DEMs, which contains more geographic information. In addition, the RMSE errors of the UAV-DEMs generated from point clouds with and without GCPs are ±0.5 m and ±20 m, respectively.

Successful Collision Risk Management with Realtime Advanced Survey Correction in A Challenging Horizontal Well

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongkum Tossapol ◽  
Khamawat Siritheerasas ◽  
Feras Abu Jafar ◽  
Trinh Dinh Phu ◽  
Pham Nam Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Difficulty Index

Abstract The Well X in Nong Yao field, is an infill-well designed for the Gulf of Thailand which presented several interesting challenges due to its complexity, tortuosity, and potential collision risks with other wells. This paper demonstrates the application of a Real-time Advanced Survey Correction (RASC) with Multi Station Analysis (MSA) to correct the Measurement While Drilling (MWD)'s azimuth. The Well X is a 3D Complex design with a high drilling difficulty index (DDI) at 6.9, high tortuosity of 316 degree, and which has an aggressive build on inclination and azimuthal U-turning well path. The well also creates difficult doglegs severity (DLS) up to 5.5deg/100ft, which is near the limit of the flexibility required to achieve the horizontal landing point. The conventional MWD survey, with proximity scanning with the nearby Well A, demonstrates high risk with a calculated Oriented Separation Factor (OSF) of 1.01. The RASC-MSA method is applied with a clearly defined workflow during execution in real-time and provide significant improvement in calculated OSF. RASC-MSA is applied for every 1,000 ft interval drilling below the 9.625in casing shoe. The workflow ensures that the directional driller follows the corrected survey along the well path and especially in the last 300 ft before reaching the electrical submersible pump (ESP) tangent section. The result from RASC-MSA, indicated a 29 ft lateral shift on the left side of the MWD standard surveys. Without this technique, Well X has a high potential to collide with Well A and Well B (Figure 1) as the actual OSF may less than 1 while drilling. The final 3D Least Distance proximity scanning with Well A shows a minimum OSF = 1.35, which is a 30% improvement compared to the conventional MWD survey. Another nearby well, Well B, indicates a minimum OSF=1.66 and passed the anti-collision OSF rule. In consideration of the drilling efficiency, availability, cost effectiveness and time saving, the RASC-MSA analysis to correct the MWD's azimuth are applied and the separation factor can be improved by 30%. In conclusion, the collision risk management technique applied successfully met the complex challenges of Well X, which was successfully drilled and safely delivered. Figure 1 3D visualization to exhibit the collision issue between Well X and nearby existing Wells A and Well B.

scholarly journals A New Fast and Low-Cost Photogrammetry Method for the Engineering Characterization of Rock Slopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francioni ◽  
Simone ◽  
Stead ◽  
Sciarra ◽  
Mataloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
The Creation

Digital photogrammetry (DP) represents one of the most used survey techniques in engineering geology. The availability of new high-resolution digital cameras and photogrammetry software has led to a step-change increase in the quality of engineering and structural geological data that can be collected. In particular, the introduction of the structure from motion methodology has led to a significant increase in the routine uses of photogrammetry in geological and engineering geological practice, making this method of survey easier and more attractive. Using structure from motion methods, the creation of photogrammetric 3D models is now easier and faster, however the use of ground control points to scale/geo-reference the models are still required. This often leads to the necessity of using total stations or Global Positioning System (GPS) for the acquisition of ground control points. Although the integrated use of digital photogrammetry and total station/GPS is now common practice, it is clear that this may not always be practical or economically convenient due to the increase in cost of the survey. To address these issues, this research proposes a new method of utilizing photogrammetry for the creation of georeferenced and scaled 3D models not requiring the use of total stations and GPS. The method is based on the use of an object of known geometry located on the outcrop during the survey. Targets located on such objects are used as ground control points and their coordinates are calculated using a simple geological compass and trigonometric formula or CAD 3D software. We present three different levels of survey using (i) a calibrated digital camera, (ii) a non-calibrated digital camera and (iii) two commercial smartphones. The data obtained using the proposed approach and the three levels of survey methods have been validated against a laser scanning (LS) point cloud. Through this validation we highlight the advantages and limitations of the proposed method, suggesting potential applications in engineering geology.

Nationalistic appeals and consumer boycotts in China, 1900-1949

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-524
Author(s):  
Tony Yan ◽  
Michael R. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Brands ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Consumer Boycotts ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Foreign Brands

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how nationalistic appeals may affect consumers’ perception and purchasing of targeted brands. Qualitative historical data from old China (1900–1949) reveal that social movement groups can adopt nationalistic appeals assisted by meaning framing – defined as a creative interpretation of symbols, designs, behaviors, social events and cultural identities to serve social and political goals – to shape consumers’ attitudes toward foreign brands. After examining the mechanisms and processes underlying consumer boycotts from 1900 to 1949, the responsive strategies of affected foreign companies are illustrated. Design/methodology/approach Critical historical research method is applied to historical data and historical “traces” from China’s corporate documents, memoirs, posters, advertisements, newspapers and secondhand sources documenting Chinese boycotts from 1900 to 1949. Findings Consumers may pursue interests beyond economic interests. Nationalistic appeals can mobilize consumer boycotts against foreign brands that were perceived to support or relate to targeted countries. Political framing of certain events shapes consumers’ perceptions and concomitant brand choices. Research limitations/implications Although differences between historical and current contexts may require tailoring past marketing strategies to current conditions, past strategies can inform current and future strategies. Practical implications Strategies adopted by foreign companies in old China (1900–1949) can help contemporary companies design effective marketing strategies for a hostile marketplace infused with nationalistic appeals and competing interests. Social implications Although local companies can adopt economic or political nationalism to realize their economic goals, it represents a double-edged sword that can harm national brands. Originality/value A historical analysis of nationalistic business appeals in pre-1949 China can inform the counterstrategies modern companies adopt to overcome consumer boycotts.

Characterization of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene for 3D Printed Patch Antenna

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norun Abdul Malek ◽  
Athirah Mohd Ramly ◽  
Atiah Sidek ◽  
Sarah Yasmin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Tangent Loss ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Conformal Antennas ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

<p>3D printing is one of the additive manufacturing technology that has gain popularity for time saving and complex design. This technology increases a degree of flexibility for potential 3D RF applications such as wearable and conformal antennas. This paper demonstrates a circular patch antenna fabricated on 3D printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament. The main reason of using a 3D printer is that it is accurate, easy to fabricate of a complex geometry and the ability to create new antennas that cannot be made using conventional fabrication techniques. The ABS material has a tangent loss of 0.0051 and the relative permittivity is 2.74. The thickness of the substrate is 1.25 mm. The simulation has been performed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The return loss from simulation software is in good match with measurement which is 12.5dB at 2.44GHz. Hence, from the results obtained, the ABS could be used as a substrate for an antenna.</p>

Assessing the accuracy of river channel bathymetry measurements using an RTK rotary-winged Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with varying Ground Control Point (GCP) number and placement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Maddock ◽  
Josie Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Base Station ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Wadeable Streams ◽  
Rtk Gps ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Submerged Area

&lt;p&gt;Previous studies have established the ability to map river channel bathymetry accurately in clear water, shallow wadeable streams using imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry and the application of refraction correction. However, because standard rotary-winged UAVs geotag imagery at a relatively low accuracy, there has been a need to use Ground Control Points (GCPs) to georeference the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). This is problematic in that is requires the operators to navigate around the site to place, survey and collect the GCPs which can be very time consuming and/or hazardous. A potential solution lies with the recent introduction of lower cost rotary-winged drones fitted with higher accuracy on-board RTK GPS sensors. These have raised the possibility of conducting UAV surveys with the use of very few or no GCPs across the survey site, saving time and removing the need to access all areas for GCP placement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To test this possibility, we flew a 250 metre reach of the River Teme (max depth ~1m) on the English-Welsh border at 40m in July 2019 with two drones, i.e. a DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAV and base station and a DJI Phantom 4 PRO (non-rtk). The Phantom 4 RTK UAV was flown three times, i) using the flight program&amp;#8217;s 2D option (nadir only and one flight path) ii) using the 3D option (camera angled at 60&amp;#176; and flown in two directions) and iii) using the RTK off option and then using post-processing (PPK) to correct the image locations. 20 GCPs were placed across the site and their locations surveyed with a Trimble R8 dGPS and an additional 20 Independent Validation Points (IVPs) were surveyed along the floodplain for terrestrial validation points and 100 points within the channel were surveyed submerged area validation points.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imagery was processed with Agisoft Metashape (v1.5.5). A total of 28 DEMs were produced using the imagery from the two drones, different flight paths and different combinations of numbers and location of GCPs. These included reducing the number of GCPs from 20, to 10, 5, 3, 1 and 0. When using three GCPs, DEMs were produced by having them i) spread throughout the reach and ii) clustered close to one another. The bed heights of the submerged locations were corrected using the simple refraction correction first used by Westaway et al (2001) and then compared to the measured heights in the field. Accuracy was quantified using linear regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of this analysis demonstrated the ability to obtain accurate surveys of bathymetry in depths upto 1m using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAV and base station and a significantly reduced number of GCPS, combined with the application of refraction correction. This study confirms that considerable time saving in terms of fieldwork can be gained from the use of an RTK rotary-winged drone and base station. This technology can also be beneficial for obtaining accurate survey data in locations where it may be unsafe or impossible to place GCPs due to the hazardous nature of the terrain.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals International Strategy for Partnership between Local Companies and Foreign Companies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feronica Valentina
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Wholly Owned Subsidiary ◽  
Local Companies

Perusahaan lokal di Indonesia, saat ini telah banyak menjalin partnership dengan perusahaan multinasional (perusahaan asing). Berbagai bidang industri mulai dari industri medis, industri rotan, industri makanan, dan lain sebagainya telah menjalin partnership dengan negara asing. Dalam menjalin hubungan kerja sama dengan perusahaan asing ini, tentu dibutuhkan strategi internasional yang tepat agar semua hubungan kerja sama tersebut dapat berjalan dengan baik.Banyak strategi internasional yang digunakan oleh perusahaan lokal dalam rangka menjalin hubungan kerja sama dengan perusahaan multinasional, salah satunya yaitu dengan menerapkan konsep Global Value Chain. Konsep tersebut menghubungkan produsen lokal ke pasar internasional. Selain itu, alternatif strategi lainnya yang digunakan oleh perusahaan lokal dalam menjalin hubungan kerja sama dengan perusahaan asing yaitu dengan melakukan wholly owned subsidiary with the licence agreement dan melakukan join venture. Tentunya untuk menerapkan kedua strategi tersebut, ada beberapa kondisi yang harus dipenuhi oleh perusahaan local. Terakhir, dari hubungan partnership dengan perusahaan asing, lembaga internasional juga membantu Indonesia mengatasi masalah kesulitan mencari dana bagi lembaga non-profitnya yaitu dengan mencoba mempromosikan model kewirausahaan sosial bagi lembaga-lembaga non-profit di Indonesia.

scholarly journals VALIDATION OF "AW3D" GLOBAL DSM GENERATED FROM ALOS PRISM

2016 ◽  
Vol III-4 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Takaku ◽  
Takeo Tadono ◽  
Ken Tsutsui ◽  
Mayumi Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cloud ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stereoscopic Observation ◽  
Data Coverage ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Image Archives ◽  
Global Datasets ◽  
Global Data

Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM), one of onboard sensors carried by Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), was designed to generate worldwide topographic data with its optical stereoscopic observation. It has an exclusive ability to perform a triplet stereo observation which views forward, nadir, and backward along the satellite track in 2.5 m ground resolution, and collected its derived images all over the world during the mission life of the satellite from 2006 through 2011. A new project, which generates global elevation datasets with the image archives, was started in 2014. The data is processed in unprecedented 5 m grid spacing utilizing the original triplet stereo images in 2.5 m resolution. As the number of processed data is growing steadily so that the global land areas are almost covered, a trend of global data qualities became apparent. This paper reports on up-to-date results of the validations for the accuracy of data products as well as the status of data coverage in global areas. The accuracies and error characteristics of datasets are analyzed by the comparison with existing global datasets such as Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data, as well as ground control points (GCPs) and the reference Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from the airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR).

South-east Asia's fintech ecosystem is growing

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Financial Technology

Subject Expansion of fintech in South-east Asia. Significance South-east Asia is primed for a rapid expansion of financial technology ('fintech'), despite a lack of both digital infrastructure and region-wide regulation. The region is seeing growing demand for electronic payments. Impacts As fintech develops across South-east Asia, acquisitions of smaller local companies by large players will increase. In many local markets, foreign companies will be forced to rely on local fintech providers. New regulations could provide opportunities for new forms of digital protectionism. Malaysia is well positioned to be a leader in Islamic fintech.

Weaknesses undermine Japan’s advanced IT sector

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
Japanese Enterprise ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Foreign Competitors ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Subject Japan's software sector. Significance Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has called for Japan to engage in the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ -- areas such as the 'Internet of Things', big data and artificial intelligence. However, Japan is lagging behind in most advanced high-tech sectors. The country is strong in particular areas, mainly manufacturing, but its software companies have not progressed in comparison with foreign competitors. Impacts Japan’s software providers are unlikely to catch up with their global competitors. Japanese enterprise software is oriented to suit local companies' needs, with little attraction elsewhere. Japan’s software users will look abroad for the latest capabilities. Because of low domestic salaries, the top Japanese software engineers are lured away by foreign companies.

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