scholarly journals Shift in New HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Factors Associated with False Positives for HIV Testing: A Retrospective Study from 2013 to 2018 in Xi’an, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yuan Wang ◽  
Kai-Ge Zhang ◽  
Jin-xiong Ruan ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Linchuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Objectives: In the study, firstly, the epidemic characteristics of new HIV/AIDS were investigated in order to provide evidence for the targeted interventions; Secondly, the major factors of false positives (FP) for HIV testing were also determined. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in a teaching hospital in Xi’an between 2013 and 2018. The overall characteristics and epidemiological trends of new HIV/AIDS were described. Moreover, the distributions of FP cases in the gender, age and department were analysed, and the major factors of FP were determined by the Pareto analysis. Results: During the study, a total of 469 new HIV/AIDS were diagnosed, with an increasing prevalence from 0.0626% in 2013 to 0.0827% in 2018. Of them, the majority occurred in the Hans (99.57%), males (88.50%), people aged 21-50 years (76.97%), migrants (60.98%) and sexual contact route (88.70%). A rapid increase in the annual number of new HIV/AIDS and multiple routes of HIV transmission were found. The epidemic showed increasing trends in groups of young individuals, students and homosexual mode, however, a downward trend in the percentage of injecting drug use was also observed. 67.81% of FP cases were over 50 years old. The departments of oncology, obstetrics, hepatobiliary surgery, nephrology, cardiology and infectious disease were major factors of FP by Pareto analysis. Conclusions: The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xi’an is still evolving, therefore, effective strategies, appropriate education and scaling up HIV testing should be developed to control the spread of the epidemic. In addition, old adults and specific departments were associated with FP.

scholarly journals Shift in HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Factors Associated with False Positives for HIV Testing: A Retrospective Study from 2013 to 2018 in Xi’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Jing-Yuan Wang ◽  
Kai-Ge Zhang ◽  
Jing-Xiong Ruan ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Linchuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Appropriate Education ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: In China, although quite a few bold programmes have been made for HIV/AIDS, the epidemic has still shown an increasing trend. Objectives: The study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of new HIV/AIDS and the major factors of false positives (FP) for HIV testing. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in a teaching hospital in Xi’an between 2013 and 2018. The overall characteristics and trends of new HIV/AIDS were described. Moreover, the major factors of FP were determined by the Pareto analysis. Results: A total of 469 new HIV/AIDS were diagnosed, with an increasing prevalence of the new HIV/AIDS from 0.0626% (41/65503) in 2013 to 0.0827% (115/139046) in 2018. Of them, the majority occurred in the males (88.50%), people aged 21-50 years (76.97%), migrants (60.98%), and sexual contact route (88.70%). There was a rapid increase in the annual number of new HIV/AIDS and increasing trends in groups of young individuals, students, and homosexual mode; however, a downward trend in the percentage of injecting drug use was also observed. Over 50 years old and patients from oncology, obstetrics, hepatobiliary surgery, nephrology, cardiology, and infectious disease constituted the major factors of FP. Conclusions: The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xi’an is still evolving, therefore, effective strategies, appropriate education and scaling up HIV testing should be developed. In addition, old adults and specific departments were associated with FP.

scholarly journals Statistical models for incorporating data from routine HIV testing of pregnant women at antenatal clinics into HIV/AIDS epidemic estimates

AIDS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S87-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Sheng ◽  
Kimberly Marsh ◽  
Aleksandra B. Slavkovic ◽  
Simon Gregson ◽  
Jeffrey W. Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in west China

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hu ◽  
Xia Qin ◽  
Min-Zhen Zhu ◽  
Sen Yang ◽  
Xue-Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
The West ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Aids

China is facing a major crisis because of the increasing epidemic of HIV/AIDS, especially in the western areas. The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of the crisis by analysing the published literature on the epidemiology, demographic features, routes of infection, and risk factors of HIV/AIDS infection in the 12 provinces in the west of China. HIV/AIDS has increased rapidly in recent years. The situation is urgent and requires comprehensive action. China's health care system is decentralized and under-funded, and access to treatment by the poor is seriously limited. There is a lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the general public and health care workers. The HIV/AIDS epidemic emerged initially in western areas of the country by means of intravenous drug use, but sexual risk behaviour and mother-to-child transmissions in the west of China are becoming important for HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV Transmission of Commercial Sex Wokers and Their Clients with Condom Use Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutimin ◽  
Siti Khabibah ◽  
Dita Anies Munawwaroh ◽  
R. Heri Soelistyo U
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

A model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among sex workers and their clients is discussed to study the effects of condom use in the prevention of HIV transmission. The model is addressed to determine the existence of equilibrium states, and then analyze the global stability of disease free and endemic equilibrium states. The global stability of equilibria depends on the vales of the basic reproduction ratio derived from the next generation matrix of the model. The endemic equilibrium state is globally stable when the ratio exceeds unity. The simulation results are presented to discuss the effect of condom use treatment in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS among sex workers and their clients. The results show that the effectiveness level in using condoms in sexual intercourse corresponds to the decreasing level of the spread of HIV/AIDS. We use Maple and Matlab software to simulate the impact of condom use.

scholarly journals ‘If they have a girlfriend, they have five girlfriends’: Accountability and sexism in volunteer workers’ talk about HIV/AIDS in a South African health setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris McVittie ◽  
Andy McKinlay ◽  
Vania Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
African Health ◽  
Volunteer Workers ◽  
South African Health ◽  
Hiv Aids

Significant challenges remain in tackling the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. Effective action requires both appropriate policy at a global level and informed practice on the local level. Here, we report how workers in a project in Johannesburg, South Africa, make sense of HIV transmission. Discourse analysis of data from interviews with 63 participants shows that project workers routinely attribute transmission to men’s sexual relationships with multiple female partners. This explanation is so pervasive that it renders invisible other routes to transmission. Absence of consideration of other routes to infection potentially restricts front-line practice, so hindering local attempts to tackle HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Knowledge, awareness and use of HIV services among the youth from nomadic and agricultural communities in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
E. Ngadaya ◽  
G. Kimaro ◽  
A. Kahwa ◽  
N. P. Mnyambwa ◽  
E. Shemaghembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: Nomadic life not only prevents the community from accessing and utilising HIV services but also deters them from obtaining reliable information on HIV.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of youth aged 10–24 years from the Kilindi and Ngorongoro Districts in Tanzania to assess knowledge, accessibility and utilisation of HIV/AIDS services among nomadic and agricultural youths.RESULTS: Of 518 youths interviewed, 279 (53.9%) were males, and 276 (53.3%) were from agricultural communities. A significant proportion of youths from agricultural communities had correct knowledge of AIDS (n = 126, 45.8%; P = 0.002), HIV transmission (n = 273, 98.9%; P = 0.001) and comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (n = 78, 28.5%; P = 0.009) compared to nomads. Youths from agricultural communities were two times (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) more likely to be aware of the availability of formal HIV services. Awareness of the availability of HIV services was higher among married individuals than in unmarried ones (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.0–7.4), and significantly higher among youths with secondary/college education than in those who did not have formal education (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.3–12.4). The uptake of HIV services was lower among nomadic youths.CONCLUSION: Knowledge, awareness and utilisation of HIV/AIDS transmission services were low in general, and even lower among nomadic youths, calling for more targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the human development index, HIV infection and AIDS-Tuberculosis comorbidity: Brazil, 1982 - 2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 204-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Luiz Rodrigues-Júnior ◽  
Antonio Ruffino-Netto ◽  
Euclides Ayres de Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION: AIDS epidemic has given visibility to the incidence of tuberculosis, for being the most frequent opportunistic infection. It is known that individuals who are socially vulnerable are more susceptible to HIV transmission and tuberculosis as well. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a geoepidemiological study on HIV/AIDS, AIDS-Tuberculosis co-infection and social vulnerability. METHOD: This is an ecological study using incidence rates and the human development index to produce thematic maps and a descriptive analysis of epidemiology. The records of reported cases of HIV/AIDS from 1982 to 2007 were used, considering as cases of AIDS-Tuberculosis those records that were positively diagnosed with tuberculosis and those records with unknown diagnosis of tuberculosis, but showing compatible signs and symptoms with tuberculosis (fever, cough, cachexia and asthenia). RESULTS: The maps allowed the identification of areas with social differences and different patterns of incidence of HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis; regional differences were similar to those found by Josué de Castro, in 1940; regions with higher human development index values also showed higher incidence HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The prevention of HIV infection must be geographically specific, given socioeconomic and cultural differences. Although official records show decline in AIDS-TB co-infection, treatment of cases of HIV/AIDS should observe the occurrence of opportunistic diseases, which should be notified and/or updated.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic features of HIV infection in three municipalities of inner Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Eyer-Silva ◽  
Maria Alessandra Leite Freire ◽  
Mary Lúcia Gayão ◽  
Carlos Alberto Basílio-de-Oliveira ◽  
Mariza G. Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Hiv Aids

In Brazil relatively little attention is being paid to the study of the features of the spread of the AIDS epidemic towards small cities and rural areas. We report a descriptive study on the epidemiological features of HIV infection among 208 adult patients seen between July 1999 and May 2006 in the municipal HIV/AIDS Programs of three cities of inner Rio de Janeiro State: Saquarema, Santo Antonio de Pádua and Miracema. A portrait of a heterosexual epidemic emerged, with an overall male to female ratio of 1.1. More than 90% were residents of the studied cities, demonstrating a local demand for HIV-related assistance and the importance of municipal HIV/AIDS Programs. Past or current use of snorted cocaine was reported by a quarter of the patients. Older age and male gender were independent predictors of having a diagnosis of AIDS at presentation. The latter is in accordance with a more recent wave of epidemic spread towards female gender. A low frequency of male circumcision, an important determinant of heterosexual HIV transmission, was recorded. Almost 60% of the patients first presented in advanced stages of HIV infection, suggesting the existence of a large pool of undiagnosed cases in the community.

scholarly journals HIV testing in Europe: from policies to effectiveness some highlights from the meeting

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Eurosurveillance editorial team
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

It has been estimated that 30 percent of people living with HIV in the European Union (EU) are unaware of their infection [1]. As undiagnosed patients cannot benefit from early treatment and may unknowingly transmit HIV to others, this situation poses a major challenge in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

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