Knowledge, awareness and use of HIV services among the youth from nomadic and agricultural communities in Tanzania

BACKGROUND: Nomadic life not only prevents the community from accessing and utilising HIV services but also deters them from obtaining reliable information on HIV.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of youth aged 10–24 years from the Kilindi and Ngorongoro Districts in Tanzania to assess knowledge, accessibility and utilisation of HIV/AIDS services among nomadic and agricultural youths.RESULTS: Of 518 youths interviewed, 279 (53.9%) were males, and 276 (53.3%) were from agricultural communities. A significant proportion of youths from agricultural communities had correct knowledge of AIDS (n = 126, 45.8%; P = 0.002), HIV transmission (n = 273, 98.9%; P = 0.001) and comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (n = 78, 28.5%; P = 0.009) compared to nomads. Youths from agricultural communities were two times (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) more likely to be aware of the availability of formal HIV services. Awareness of the availability of HIV services was higher among married individuals than in unmarried ones (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.0–7.4), and significantly higher among youths with secondary/college education than in those who did not have formal education (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.3–12.4). The uptake of HIV services was lower among nomadic youths.CONCLUSION: Knowledge, awareness and utilisation of HIV/AIDS transmission services were low in general, and even lower among nomadic youths, calling for more targeted interventions.

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Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015 – 2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28378/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhilong Dong ◽

Liying Ma ◽

Chang Cai ◽

George Fu Gao ◽

Fan Lyu

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Heterosexual Contact ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11004.00 (2017), 12836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

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Attitudes Toward Caring for People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nursing Faculty in Six Countries

The Open AIDS Journal ◽

10.2174/1874613602014010090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 90-99

Author(s):

Juan. M. Leyva-Moral ◽

Karen A. Dominguez-Cancino ◽

Joan E. Edwards ◽

David Moriña-Soler ◽

Sandra K. Cesario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Faculty ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Faculty Attitudes ◽

Composite Score ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Since the earliest study about nursing faculty and student attitudes about caring for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in 1992, there have been less than 20 additional studies reported in the literature. Yet, PLHIV continues to report stigma and experience discrimination. Nursing faculty attitudes are part of the informal curriculum. Negativity about caring for PLHIV can adversely impact student perceptions as well as their care. Current research in this area is essentially non-existent. Objective: To describe the attitudes of the university nursing faculty toward caring for PLHIV; and to identify the relationship between faculty attitudes and explanatory factors such as age, education, religion, nationality, teaching in a clinical setting, years of experience, and university attributes. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study with nonrandomized electronic purposeful sampling. The Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) is a 30-item scale with three subscales: Prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination. The English and Spanish versions of the HPASS exhibit stable psychometric properties for cross-cultural research. The HPASS was delivered to university nursing faculty in six countries across three continents. Results: A sample of 368 nursing faculty completed the HPASS. The mean composite score was 2.41 (SD = 0.69), six-point scale with lower scores indicating more positive attitudes, with subscale scores: Stereotypes 2.55 (SD = 0.84), discrimination 2.28 (SD = 0.74), and prejudices 2.41 (SD = 0.63). Peruvian faculty had the highest scores while Canadian had the lowest. Significant correlations were observed between attitudes and the three subscales, and between the three subscales and the composite score. Conclusion: Attitudes of the nursing faculty toward caring for PLHIV were slightly positive to slightly negative depending on the region and country. Knowledge deficiencies about HIV persist, incorrect beliefs are common, and attitudes appear to be influenced by culture. The correlation between subscales justifies continued research to implement targeted interventions. Education about HIV/AIDS can address knowledge deficits while structured interactions with PLHIV can facilitate experiential learning.

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Awareness and Misconception about HIV/AIDS Transmission among Selected Bangladesh Army Troops

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 180-182

Author(s):

Syed Naufel Mahmud ◽

SM Nurul Irfan

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Medical College ◽

Structured Questionnaire ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: AIDS is a fatal illness that breaks down the body’s immune system, leaving the victim vulnerable to lifethreatening opportunistic infections, neurological disorders or unusual malignancies, having no effective treatment till now. Objectives: To assess the awareness and misconception about the transmission of HIV/AIDS among the troops of Bangladesh Army. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2011 to December 2011 among purposively selected 125 troops of various Army units of Dhaka Cantonment, Bangladesh. Data were collected by face-to-face interview by pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed by software SPSS version 17.0. Results: Among the 125 respondents, most (92%) of them were aware of the transmission of HIV/AIDS and having no significant misconception of its transmission. No association has been found between knowledge of HIV transmission and type of occupation. Conclusion: Most of the troops of the Bangladesh Army were aware of the transmission of HIV/AIDS and misconception among them was very less. The authority should continue thus status for the betterment of the country. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 180-182

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Demographic features of identified PLWHA infected through commercial and nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact in China from 2015 to 2018: a retrospective cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05757-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhilong Dong ◽

Liying Ma ◽

Chang Cai ◽

George Fu Gao ◽

Fan Lyu

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Heterosexual Contact ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Methods Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest. Results Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P < 0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11,004.00 (2017), 12,836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P < 0.0001). Conclusions We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

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Unsafe sexual behavior of currently married men having sex with men in Thane, Maharashtra: a challenge for ensuring ZERO HIV transmission

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3350

Author(s):

Saravanamurthy P. Sakthivel ◽

Awdesh Yadav ◽

Shaeik Tayyaba ◽

Rambabu Khambampatti ◽

Siddhartha Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Behaviors ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Partner ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Identity ◽

Never Married ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Sex With Men

Background: Men having sex with men (MSM) in India due to social taboo and pressure, get married to women, and there is limited evidence on HIV-associated risk behaviors among MSM currently married (CM) to a female partner. The aims of the study was to analyse and understand HIV associated risk behaviors among MSM currently married to a female partner in Thane, Maharashtra.Methods: MSM accessing HIV prevention interventions through Targeted Interventions (TIs) in Thane, was approached through a cross-sectional study design. 67 CM-MSM and 57 never married (NM) MSM compared to understand the HIV associated risk behaviors. Engagement in vaginal intercourse, presently living with regular female partner and current marital status used as the screening variables. Statistical analysis used as descriptive, bi-variate and multi-variate analysis performed.Results: Mean age of the CM and NM-MSM together (N=124) is 30 years, with 31% as panthi self-identity, 28% double-decker and 18% bisexual. Unsafe anal sex with paid male/hijra, regular non-paying male and occasional non-paying male/hijra is significantly high among CM-MSM than NM-MSM.Conclusions: Targeted interventions (TIs) in Thane should ensure safe sex practices across all types of partners, especially among MSM married to women, and facilitating a conducive environment for MSM to decide their marital life.

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A study to assess awareness about HIV/AIDS among rural population of central India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175816 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 373

Author(s):

Shailesh K. Kawale ◽

Vivek Sharma ◽

Prafulla P. Thaware ◽

Atul D. Mohankar

Keyword(s):

Hiv Transmission ◽

Central India ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Training Centre ◽

Mosquito Bite ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS depends on general knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS. So the present study was conducted with the aim to assess knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices regarding HIV infection and AIDS among rural peoples.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among peoples age more than 15 years in a villages which comes under field practice area of rural health training centre (RHTC) of our medical college. Total 396 individuals were interviewed during March 2015 to April 2015 by using predesigned and pretested questionnaire after taking written informed consent.Results: 71.5% knows uninfected faithful partner and 82.1% thinks use of condom will prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS to their partners. 46.7% thinks mosquito bite, 37.6% thinks sharing food transmit HIV/AIDS. 83.1% knows pregnancy and 79.3% knows breastfeeding transmit HIV to their children. 61.1% willing for not to keep HIV status secret, 81.6% willing to take care of relatives having HIV, 88.6% allow HIV positive teachers to continue teaching and 68.4% will buy vegetables from HIV positive shopkeeper. 36.8% knows nearby place where condoms are available and 49.7% knows nearby place for HIV testing.Conclusions:People have good knowledge about HIV transmission i.e. faithful partner, condom use, pregnancy and breast feeding. Still some misconceptions need to be address regarding mosquito bite and sharing food with person having HIV/AIDS. Participants have poor knowledge about nearby availability of services related to HIV/AIDS.

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Personal Recovery and Its Determinants Among People Living With Schizophrenia in China

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.602524 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Yu ◽

Xi Xiao ◽

Min Yang ◽

Xiao-ping Ge ◽

Tong-xin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Health Centers ◽

Short Form ◽

College Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Personal Recovery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Recovery Assessment ◽

The Impact

Objective: The past few decades have seen an evolution in the understanding of recovery from a clinical-based view that focuses on symptoms and functioning to a more consumer-oriented perspective that focuses on personal recovery. The present study aimed to assess personal recovery among people living with schizophrenia and determine its predictors.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a random sample of 400 people living with schizophrenia (PLS) from twelve community health centers of Hunan, China. Recovery was assessed using the short-form 8-item Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS-8). PLS disability and functioning were assessed using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), respectively.Results: Participants had a mean personal recovery score of 20.29 (SD: 9.31, Range: 8–40). Personal recovery was predicted by both socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Older age (r = −0.17, p < 0.001), being female (r = −2.29, p = 0.019), and higher disability (r = −0.22, p < 0.001) were independently associated with worse personal recovery, while having a college education (r = 5.49, p = 0.002), and higher functioning (r = 0.09, p = 0.017) were independently associated with better personal recovery.Conclusion: Interventions to improve recovery among PLS may be best served by reducing the impact of disability and improving functioning, with targeted interventions for individuals who are older, female and less educated in order to increase their likelihood of recovery.

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Knowledge And Awareness About The Risk Of HIV/AIDS Among Truck Drivers Of A Selected Area

Faridpur Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/fmcj.v5i2.6820 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 46-49

Author(s):

G Sadhya ◽

AKMS Islam ◽

R Islam ◽

NU Ahmed ◽

M Rahman

Keyword(s):

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Truck Drivers ◽

Age Group ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Level ◽

Sexual Activities ◽

Aids Risk ◽

Hiv Aids

This cross- sectional study was conducted among the truck drivers at Daulatdia Ghat, Goalanda, Rajbari district. The objective of this study was to find out the knowledge and awareness about the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission among the truck drivers .Out of 226 respondents, 37.3% were within the age group 25 to 35 years. Most of the respondents (74%) were married and 44% were educated up to primary level. Half of the respondents (50%) had monthly income from taka 10,000 to taka 15,000 per month. From this study, it was found that 97% respondents had heard the name of HIV/AIDS, 61.8% had known about HIV/AIDS from media and newspaper. In respect of the route of HIV transmission, 39.8% of respondents thought that HIV is transmitted by sexual activities and 58.7% thought the disease is transmitted by syringe, transfusion. About 47.8% respondents thought that HIV can be detected from blood and 76% knew the fate of HIV/AIDS is death. Majority (82.5%) of the respondents obtained correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and 13.2% of them knew the place where test of HIV can be done. Key words: Knowledge; HIV/AIDS; Risk; Truck drivers DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i2.6820Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(2):46-49

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HIV/AIDS Awareness among VCT Clients: A Cross-Sectional Study from Delhi, India

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/269404 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bhanu Mehra ◽

Sonali Bhattar ◽

Preena Bhalla ◽

Deepti Rawat

Keyword(s):

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Inaccurate Information ◽

Aids Awareness ◽

Hiv Awareness ◽

Voluntary Counselling And Testing ◽

Source Of Information ◽

Hiv Aids

The contribution of India to the global burden of HIV/AIDS is significant. A major barrier that the country has faced in its battle against this disease is the inadequate and inaccurate information about it among the population. The present analysis explores the knowledge about HIV/AIDS among clients attending a voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) facility in India. Two hundred clients attending the VCT facility were assessed in this regard using a structured predesigned questionnaire. Sixty-three (31.5%) of the respondents had never heard of HIV/AIDS. In comparison to males, a significantly higher number of females had not heard about the disease (P<0.01). Lower levels of education of participants were found to be significantly associated with the response of not having heard of HIV/AIDS (P<0.01) as was an occupation status of being an unemployed man/housewife (P=0.002). For the 137 (68.5%) respondents who had heard about HIV/AIDS, television was the source of information in 130 (94.9%) followed by posters in 93 (67.9%) and newspapers in 88 (64.2%). While the knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention was good, the extent of misconceptions was high (61.8%). Our study highlights the strong need to raise the levels of HIV awareness among Indian population.

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Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015–2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28378/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhilong Dong ◽

Liying Ma ◽

Chang Cai ◽

George Fu Gao ◽

Fan Lyu

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Heterosexual Contact ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. Those who were infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than people infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. During the study years, the average age of the two groups increased annually. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 test, P<0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 test, P<0.0001), and the married proportion of NMNCHC increased from 49.1% (2015) to 51.02% (2018). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

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