scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the human development index, HIV infection and AIDS-Tuberculosis comorbidity: Brazil, 1982 - 2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 204-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Luiz Rodrigues-Júnior ◽  
Antonio Ruffino-Netto ◽  
Euclides Ayres de Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION: AIDS epidemic has given visibility to the incidence of tuberculosis, for being the most frequent opportunistic infection. It is known that individuals who are socially vulnerable are more susceptible to HIV transmission and tuberculosis as well. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a geoepidemiological study on HIV/AIDS, AIDS-Tuberculosis co-infection and social vulnerability. METHOD: This is an ecological study using incidence rates and the human development index to produce thematic maps and a descriptive analysis of epidemiology. The records of reported cases of HIV/AIDS from 1982 to 2007 were used, considering as cases of AIDS-Tuberculosis those records that were positively diagnosed with tuberculosis and those records with unknown diagnosis of tuberculosis, but showing compatible signs and symptoms with tuberculosis (fever, cough, cachexia and asthenia). RESULTS: The maps allowed the identification of areas with social differences and different patterns of incidence of HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis; regional differences were similar to those found by Josué de Castro, in 1940; regions with higher human development index values also showed higher incidence HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The prevention of HIV infection must be geographically specific, given socioeconomic and cultural differences. Although official records show decline in AIDS-TB co-infection, treatment of cases of HIV/AIDS should observe the occurrence of opportunistic diseases, which should be notified and/or updated.

scholarly journals Estimates of global HIV/AIDS mortality, prevalence and incidence rates, and their association with the Human Development Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Kamyar Mansori ◽  
Erfan Ayubi ◽  
Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani ◽  
Shiva Mansouri Hanis ◽  
Somayeh Khazaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Hiv Aids ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Background: HIV/AIDS is one of greatest global public health concerns today due to the high incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. The aim of this research was investigate and estimate the global HIV/AIDS mortality, prevalence and incidence rates, and explore their associations with the Human Development Index. Methods: The global age-standardized rates of mortality, prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS were obtained from the UNAIDS for different countries in 2015. The human development indexes (HDIs) were obtained from the World Bank database. The surveyed countries were divided into four groups according to the HDI distribution. The Spearman correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA test were used for assessing the association of HIV/ AIDS indicators and HDI. Results: The highest rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence and incidence, and associated mortality in East and Southern Africa countries were 51.73%, 46.33% and 42.3%, respectively. Moreover, the highest and lowest global age-standardized rates of incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS was seen in adults ranging from 15-49 years of age for both low and high HDI countries. The prevalence and incidence rates of HIV/AIDS each had an inverse correlation with HDI and its four indicators (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and GNI per capita). Conclusion: Less developed countries with lower HDI show greater severity of the AIDS epidemic. Thus, it is essential to pay more attention to HIV/AIDS control and prevention programs in these countries. 

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran di Kabupaten Jember

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Riza Firdhania ◽  
Fivien Muslihatinningsih
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Index

This research describes the relation between variables of population, inflation, minimum wage, economic growth, and humandevelopment index toward the unemployment rate in Jember. The type of data used in this research was secondary data in theform of ‘time series’ obtained from Jember Department of Labor and Central Bureau of Statistics in the year of 2002-2013.The research method was a kind of statistical descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Moreover, theresearcher used partial test (T-test), simultaneous test (F-test), and coefficients determination test (R2) for the hypothesis.Whereas the assumption test was conducted in the use of normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelationtest. From the result of the data analysis, it confirmed that the population positively and significantly affected theunemployment rate in Jember. The variables of inflation, minimum wage, and human development index negatively andsignificantly affected the unemployment rate in Jember. Whereas the variables of economic growth positively and significantlyaffected unemployment rate in Jember. Finally, the result of the data analysis highlighted the variables of population,inflation, minimum wage,economic growth, and human development index that simultaneously and significantly affectedunemployment rate in Jember.

scholarly journals Tendensi dan komparasi Produk Domestik Regional Bruto dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dan Kepulauan Riau

SOROT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sarpina Sarpina ◽  
Aning Kesuma Putri ◽  
Hadi Suroso
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Bureau ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tren dan perbandingan IPM dan PDRB di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau dan Bangka Belitung. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber dan publikasi dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau and Bangka Belitung tahun 2014-2018. Analisis deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menjelaskan fenomena indeks pembangunan manusia dan PDRB di kedua provinsi tersebut. Temuan studi menemukan bahwa indeks pembangunan manusia dan produk domestik regional bruto mengalami peningkatan. Kondisi IPM di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dan Kepulauan Riau semakin membaik setiap tahunnya, dengan rata-rata IPM tertinggi selama periode 2014-2018. PDRB Kepualau Riau cenderung tumbuh lebih cepat dibanding Bangka Belitung. PDRB Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dan Kepulauan Riau juga cenderung meningkat setiap tahun dengan rata-rata IPM selama periode 2014-2018. Kecenderungan pertumbuhan IPM Bangka Belitung lebih cepat dibandingkan di Kepulauan Riau.This study aims to determine the trend and comparison of HDI and GRDP in the Provinces of Riau Islands and Bangka Belitung. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from various sources and publications from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Bangka Belitung and Riau Islands Province 2014-2018. A quantitative descriptive analysis to explain the phenomenon of the human development index and GRDP in the two provinces. The findings of the study found that the human development index and gross regional domestic product have increased. The HDI conditions in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands and Riau Islands are getting better every year, with the highest HDI average during the 2014-2018 period. PDRB Kepualau Riau tends to grow faster than Bangka Belitung. The GRDP of the Bangka Belitung Islands and Riau Islands Provinces also tends to increase every year with an average HDI during the 2014-2018 period. The tendency of Bangka Belitung HDI growth is faster than in the Riau Islandscrisis is statistically significant to affect the gross regional domestic product growth.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic features of HIV infection in three municipalities of inner Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Eyer-Silva ◽  
Maria Alessandra Leite Freire ◽  
Mary Lúcia Gayão ◽  
Carlos Alberto Basílio-de-Oliveira ◽  
Mariza G. Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Hiv Aids

In Brazil relatively little attention is being paid to the study of the features of the spread of the AIDS epidemic towards small cities and rural areas. We report a descriptive study on the epidemiological features of HIV infection among 208 adult patients seen between July 1999 and May 2006 in the municipal HIV/AIDS Programs of three cities of inner Rio de Janeiro State: Saquarema, Santo Antonio de Pádua and Miracema. A portrait of a heterosexual epidemic emerged, with an overall male to female ratio of 1.1. More than 90% were residents of the studied cities, demonstrating a local demand for HIV-related assistance and the importance of municipal HIV/AIDS Programs. Past or current use of snorted cocaine was reported by a quarter of the patients. Older age and male gender were independent predictors of having a diagnosis of AIDS at presentation. The latter is in accordance with a more recent wave of epidemic spread towards female gender. A low frequency of male circumcision, an important determinant of heterosexual HIV transmission, was recorded. Almost 60% of the patients first presented in advanced stages of HIV infection, suggesting the existence of a large pool of undiagnosed cases in the community.

scholarly journals Maternal Mortality Trends in Spain During the 2000-2018 Period: The Role of Maternal Origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago García-Tizón Larroca ◽  
Juan Arevalo Serrano ◽  
Maria Ruiz Minaya ◽  
Pilar Paya Martinez ◽  
Ricardo Perez Fernandez Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Maternal Origin ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Maternal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births

Abstract Backround: The available literature indicates that there are significant differences in maternal mortality according to maternal origin in high income countries. The aim of this study was to examine the trend in the maternal mortality rate and its most common causes in Spain in recent years and to analyse its relationship with maternal origin.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all live births as well as those resulting in maternal death in Spain during the period between 2000 and 2018. A descriptive analysis of the maternal mortality rate by cause, region of birth, maternal age, marital status, human development index and continent of maternal origin was performed. The risk of maternal death was calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for certain variables included in the descriptive analysis.Results: There was a total of 293 maternal deaths and 8,439,324 live births during the study period. The most common cause of maternal death was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The average maternal death rate was 3.47 per 100,000 live births. The risk of suffering from this complication was higher for immigrant women from less developed countries; therefore, a decrease of 0.01 in the maternal human development index score significantly increased the risk of this complication by 2.4%.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there are inequalities in maternal mortality according to maternal origin in Spain. The human development index of the country of maternal origin could be a useful tool when estimating the risk of this complication, taking into account the origin of the pregnant woman.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Trends of Maternal Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xin Xie ◽  
Ting Yuan ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Abstract Background. To report the cause-specific prevalence and trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019 by age and sociodemographic index.Methods. For hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability numbers and age standardized rates per 100,000 population were compared across regional and national levels by age and sociodemographic index using data from the global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Estimates are reported with uncertainty intervals.Results. The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased from 16.30 million to 18.08 million globally, with a total increase of 10.92% from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate decreased, with an estimated annual percentage change of -0.68 (95% CI -0.49 to -0.86). The number of deaths due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was approximately 27.83 thousand in 2019. This was a 30.05% decreased from 1990. Based on the incidence and prevalence, the number of deaths and years lived with disability were highest in the group aged 25-29 years, followed by the groups aged 30-34 and 20-24 years, while the estimated incidence rate was lowest in the group aged 25-29 years and higher in the youngest and oldest groups. Positive associations between incidence and sociodemographic index and human development index were found for all countries and regions in 2019. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in countries/regions with lower sociodemographic indices and human development indices.Conclusion. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the global burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The death and incidence burdens are decreasing in most countries and all regions except low-sociodemographic and -human development index areas. This is mainly because attention to prenatal examinations and health education has increased. Further investigations should focus on forecasting the global disease burden of specific hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals National Breast Cancer Mortality and Incidence Rates According to the Human Development Index: An Ecological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Zaher Khazaei ◽  
Leila Molaeipoor ◽  
Shahrzad Nematollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Development Index ◽  
National Breast

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kemiskinan, Tingkat Pengangguran, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Pengeluaran Pemerintah Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018 dalam Perspektif Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Jahtu Widya Ningrum ◽  
Aziza Hanifa Khairunnisa ◽  
Nurul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Pool Model

This study aims to determine the effect of poverty, unemployment, economic growth and government spending on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia in 2014-2018 in an Islamic perspective. Data processing in this study uses descriptive analysis and panel data regression analysis with a pool model approach using Eviews 9 software using secondary data obtained from data that has been published in several sources, Badan Pusat Statistika and the Kementrian Keuangan website for the period of 2014 to 2018. The results of this study indicate that partially the poverty variable and the unemployment rate have a significant effect on HDI which is indicated by a probability value smaller than alpha (0.05), while the economic growth and government expenditure variables have no significant effect on the HDI indicated by the probability value of more greater than the alpha value (0.05). Simultaneously all the research variables have a significant effect on HDI and have an effect that is shown through R2 of 80.78% indicating that the variables of poverty, unemployment rate, economic growth, government expenditure can explain the Y variable, the remaining 19.22% is explained by other variables outside the research variable. Keyword: poverty, unemployment rate, economic growth, and Human Development Index. Penelitian ini bertujun untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemisikinan, tingkat pengangguran, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengeluaran pemertintah terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di Indonseia tahun 2014-2018 dalam perspektif islam. Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel dengan pendekatan pool model menggunakan software Eviews 9 dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari data yang telah di publikasikan pada beberapa sumber yaitu Badan Pusat Statistik dan website Kementerian Keuangan dengan periode waktu tahun 2014 sampai 2018. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara parsial variabel kemiskinan dan tingkat pengangguran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IPM yang ditunjukan dengan nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dari nilai alpha (0.05), sedangkan variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengeluaran pemerintah berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap IPM yang ditunjukan dengan nilai probabilitas lebih besar dari nilai alpa (0.05). Secara simultan seluruh variabel penelitian berpengaruh signifkan terhadap IPM dan mempunyai pengaruh yang di tunjukan melalui R2 sebesar 80.78% menunjukan bahwa variabel kemiskinan, tingkat pengangguran, pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengeluaran pemerintah dapat menjelaskan variabel Y, sisanya 19.22 % dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar variabel penelitian. Keyword : kemiskinan, tingkat pengangguran, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia.

scholarly journals Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6012
Author(s):  
Wen-Wei Sung ◽  
Yong-Chen Hsu ◽  
Chen Dong ◽  
Ying-Ching Chen ◽  
Yu-Chi Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: The incidence rates of lip and oral cancer have continued to increase, and prognosis is associated with a country’s socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIRs were compared to evaluate the correlation with the human development index (HDI), the current health expenditure (CHE), and the ratio of CHE over gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) disparities via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that Asia had the most cases and deaths. In addition, they showed a significant association (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively) of the crude rate (CR) of incidence with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP. However, their associations with mortality rate (p = 0.303, p = 0.997, and p = 0.101) were not significant. Regarding the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Countries with higher HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP tend to have lower MIRs, which indicates favorable clinical outcomes.

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