Work Engagement: A meta-Analysis Using the Job Demands-Resources Model

Although the construct of work engagement has been extensively explored, a systematic meta-analysis based on a consistent categorization of engagement antecedents, outcomes, and well-being correlates is still lacking. The results of prior research reporting 533 correlations from 113 independent samples ( k = 94, n = 119,420) were coded using a meta-analytic approach. The effect size for development resources ( r = .45) and personal resources ( r = .48) was higher than for social resources ( r = .36) and for job resources ( r = .37). Among the outcomes and well-being correlates explored, the effect size was highest for job satisfaction ( r = .60) and commitment ( r = .63). Furthermore, moderation analysis showed that (a) concerning the occupational role, work engagement finds a low association with turnover intention among civil servants, volunteer workers, and educators; (b) collectivist cultural environments reported a greater association of feedback with engagement than individualistic environments; (c) the relationship between personal resources and engagement was stronger among workers with university degrees than workers with high school diplomas. Furthermore, the absorption dimension showed a lower effect with all variables under investigation than vigor and dedication.

Garments furniture design for Bangladeshi workers considering ergonomic principles

BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh, workers typically spend at least eight hours a day at garment factories in sitting and/or standing position. Prolonged sitting on ergonomically unfit furniture causes back, neck, and shoulder pain, which reduces the working efficiency and leading to low productivity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to design ergonomically correct furniture for Bangladeshi garment workers considering multivariate analysis on the anthropometric data. METHODS: Twelve anthropometric measures and five furniture dimensions were measured. The sample comprised of 600 volunteer workers from different garment industry. The furniture dimensions were compared with the relevant anthropometric characteristics and found a high level of mismatch (e.g. seat height (male 18%, female 94.25%), seat depth (male 96%, female 63.50%), seat width (male 9.50%, female 36.25%), sewing table height (male 56.50%, female 50%), and desk height for inspection, cutting and ironing table (male 100%, female 100%). RESULTS: New design specifications were proposed of the worker which improved the match percentage. The multivariate anthropometric analysis generated 8 cases and for each case the ranges of anthropometric measurements have been identified. CONCLUSION: The results will help to design robust ergonomic garments furniture.

Analisis Keberadaan Tenaga Kesehatan Non-PNS Di Puskesmas Indonesia

Abstrak Permasalahan ketidakmerataan tenaga kesehatan dalam jumlah dan jenis serta sebarannya masih dialami puskesmas di Indonesia. Upaya pemenuhan tenaga kesehatan yang dilakukan pemerintah melalui pengangkatan tenaga kesehatan non-PNS menyebabkan adanya berbagai status kepegawaian yang tidak sejalan dengan Undang-Undang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui jenis kepegawaian tenaga non-PNS dan menganalisis kebijakan terkait regulasi tenaga kesehatan non-PNS di puskesmas Indonesia. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menelaah dokumen laporan hasil Rifaskes 2011 dan Risnakes tahun 2017 terkait status ketenagaan dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan persentase tenaga kesehatan non-PNS yang signifikan dalam periode 2011 sampai dengan 2017. Persentase tenaga kesehatan non-PNS pada Rifaskes 2011 sebesar 25,74%, sedangkan hasil Risnakes 2017 sebesar 47,41%. Jenis kepegawaian tenaga kesehatan non-PNS di puskesmas antara lain tenaga sukarela, tenaga kontrak BLUD, tenaga PTT/honorer, tenaga Tugsus/NS, dan tenaga kontrak BOK. Kebijakan penempatan tenaga non-PNS mengikuti regulasi yang dikeluarkan kementerian teknis pada awal kebijakan tersebut dikeluarkan, kecuali untuk tenaga sukarela. Dengan keluarnya UU ASN dan PP nomor 49/20a18, regulasi yang mendasari kebijakan pengangkatan/ penempatan tenaga kesehatan non-PNS tidak disesuaikan (tidak sinkron) sehingga menimbulkan policy conflict/konflik kebijakan. Disarankan untuk dilakukan sinkronisasi/harmonisasi regulasi lintas kementerian dan pemerintah daerah yang mengatur ketenagaan non-PNS di bidang kesehatan. Perlunya perencanaan kebutuhan tenaga kesehatan berdasarkan analisis jabatan dan analisis beban kerja masing-masing puskesmas dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah pegawai non-PNS yang sudah bekerja dan lama mengabdi di puskesmas. Kata kunci: puskesmas, analisis,kebijakan, tenaga kesehatan, non-PNS Abstract The problem of inequality of health workers in the number and type and distribution is still experienced by public health centers in Indonesia. The government’s efforts to fulfill health workers through the appointment of non-PNS health workers have resulted in various employment statuses that are not in line with the State Civil Apparatus Law. The purpose of this paper is to determine the types of staffing for non-PNS health workers and to analyze policies related to the regulation of non-government employees in Indonesian Health Centers. This study examines the Rifaskes 2011 and Risnakes 2017 reports related to workforce status and laws and regulations. The result of the study shows that there has been a significant increase in the percentage of non-government employees from 2011 to 2017. The percentage of non-government employees in Rifaskes 2011 was 25,74%, while the results of the Risnakes 2017 were 47,41%. The types of staffing for non-government employees at the Health Center including volunteers, BLUD contract workers, PTT/honorary staff, Tugsus/NS personnel, and BOK contract workers. The policy for the appointment of non-government employees follows the regulation issued by the technical ministry at the beginning of the policy, except for volunteer workers. Following the issuance of the ASN Law and PP 49/2018, those underlying line ministries’ regulations are not adjusted which then causes policy conflicts. It is recommended to synchronize and harmonize among line ministries regulations as well as local government regulations about non-government employee health workers. Planning of health workers is needed based on a job analysis and workload analysis of each health center by taking into account the number of non-government employees who have worked and long served at the health centers. Keywords: health center – policy analysis - health worker – non-government employee

Uświadomiona i nieuświadomiona postać cienia organizacyjnego w komercyjnej organizacji medialnej

A Conscious and Unconscious Form of Organizational Shadow in a Commercial Media Organization The aim of the article is to explore and describe the organizational shadow in relation to the commercial media institution. The concept of shadow was introduced by Jung, who described it as the negative side of the human soul. As Bowles noted in 1991, this phenomenon can be applied to management sciences. The organizational shadow is created as a result of rejecting difficult, defective and uncomfortable elements of the institution’s identity, which can lead to the development of management pathologies. Interviews, which are the domain of qualitative methodology, allowed to distinguish organizational shadows in the commercial radio station, taking into account the causes and effects of their development as well as awareness of their existence among employees. The shadows include: unequal treatment of volunteer workers, giving up the development of young radio broadcasters, as well as a unjust remuneration policy. The conclusion of the article is indication the brand myth as the main reason for allowing the development of shadows.

THE DAY-TO-DAY EXPERIENCES OF LATER-LIFE PROSOCIAL WORK: AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING METHOD STUDY

As one form of productive aging, many older adults undertake significant prosocial activity. Alongside its contribution to the welfare of others, prosocial activity has been linked to a variety of positive outcomes for those undertaking it (e.g., higher life satisfaction). However, little is known about the impact of this activity on older adults’ day-to-day lives. We studied a national sample of about 150 older adults who give back to their communities on a regular basis in one of two ways: either by playing leadership roles in social-purpose organizations or as more traditional volunteer workers in such organizations. We employed the experience sampling method to describe and compare the experience of prosocial activity during a typical week for these two groups of highly engaged adults. While prosocial activity carries both costs and rewards, these show differences as well as similarities for the two groups. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

(Dis)identification as resilience in dirty volunteer work

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of identification and disidentification processes of individuals who perform dirty work. Specifically, this study seeks to understand how identification creates resilience for volunteer workers to endure dirty work. Design/methodology/approach The present study examines the resilience of volunteers in dirty work roles by interviewing 37 volunteers at an animal shelter and observing volunteers for 72 hours. The transcripts and field notes were analyzed using a grounded theory analysis. Findings Volunteers construct multiple identifications and disidentifications as part of the resilience process to engage dirty and dangerous work. Volunteers switched between different (dis)identifications and communicatively reinforced (dis)identifications to overcome the physical and social stigma associated with their work. Originality/value The present study extends research on resilience into a new context: dirty work. The findings bring into question assumptions regarding resilience and how a disruption is defined in the resilience literature. Disruptions are communicatively constructed and future studies should continue to research alternative contexts to study resilience labor.

PHYSICAL EXERCISE TOWARDS THE CHANGING SCORE OF RISK FALLS ON ELDERLY

Introduction. Incidence of falls in elderly whose above 65 years old in Indonesia is approximately 30-50% annually. Physical exercise might reduce the risk of fall in elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of regular physical exercise or "Senam Kebugaran Jasmani" (SKJ) towards fall risk score of elderly in Tammua, Tallo District, Makassar. Method. This study was quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. 17 elderly people were collected by purposive sampling technically. Data processing used Paired Sample T-Test. Results. There was significant influence of regular physical exercise towards elderly fall risk score alteration (p = 0,000; eta square = 0,64). Discussion. This study revealed that there was an effect of physical exercises towards fall risk score change. This research suggests health volunteer workers (kader) of Tammua to accomodate a regular physical exercise once a week as an early prevention of falls. Keywords: Regular physical exercise, fall risk, elderly

Managing Volunteer Retention Through Socialisation – A Study of Volunteers in an Australian Emergency Service Agency [Abstract]

Aim/Purpose: In many OECD countries, emergency response relies on volunteers, and while emergency incidents are increasing, volunteer numbers are declining. Volunteer turnover occurs at various stages of the volunteering life cycle (i.e., recruitment, training, socialisation, performance, and retirement), the socialisation stage has the greatest impact on organisations, as it occurs after the allocation of resources and training, but before the investment is returned through volunteer performance. There is sparse literature exploring this stage. Background: Addressing the gap, this paper presents a model of volunteer retention, predicting acceptance, social-expulsion, or self-exclusion, based on social fit. Methodology: The model is based on an inductive examination of the processes of volunteer turnover during socialisation of emergency service volunteers. Using a grounded theory approach, focus groups and interviews were conducted with 157 volunteers across seven locations. Contribution: This model contributes to theory by categorising volunteer turnover according to the stages of the volunteering life cycle, and to practice by drawing attention to the need to consider social fit prior to investing in new volunteer training and understanding the role of leadership intervention pre- and post-training. Findings: The study identifies the processes of volunteer turnover and predicts that volunteers either stay or leave based on the level of their social fit. Recommendations for Practitioners: Strategies are developed to guide leaders on the best approaches to maintain and retain volunteer workers in Emergency Service agencies Recommendation for Researchers: The model contributes to theory by providing an empirically based description of the processes involved in volunteer retention and turnover and offers guidelines for increasing volunteer retention in emergency services and other volunteer organisations across Australia and around the world. Impact on Society: Increased retention benefits the emergency service organisation in terms of return on the investment of volunteer training, regarding sustainability of human resources, and in regard to increasing diversity among its volunteers. In turn, this retention also benefits volunteers, and the entire community, as it gains access to a greater number of emergency services providers. Future Research: Future research should focus on recreating this study in other countries and in different emergency service contexts.