Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania

Abstract Background: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable production Methods. A one year prospective study in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities was conducted using methods previous published by the same authors in 2014 Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectively Conclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents.

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Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania

10.21203/rs.2.12271/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elikana Eliona Lekei ◽

Aiwerasia V Ngowi ◽

Jones Kapeleka ◽

Leslie London

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Pesticide Poisoning ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Production Methods ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

One Year ◽

Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Abstract Background: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable production Methods. A one year hospital based surveillance study in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities was conducted using methods previous published by the same authors in 2014 Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectively Conclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents. Key Words: Acute Pesticide Poisoning, adolescent girls & women, Northern Tanzania

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Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania

10.21203/rs.2.12271/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elikana Eliona Lekei ◽

Aiwerasia V Ngowi ◽

Jones Kapeleka ◽

Leslie London

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Pesticide Poisoning ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Adult Females ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Abstract Background: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable productionMethods. Over the period of 12 months, health facility-based surveillance for cases of APP was implemented in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities in 2006. Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance.Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectivelyConclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents.

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Acute pesticide poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in northern Tanzania

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-8374-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elikana Lekei ◽

Aiwerasia V. Ngowi ◽

Jones Kapeleka ◽

Leslie London

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Pesticide Poisoning ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Acute Pesticide Poisoning

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Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Children: Hospital Review in Selected Hospitals of Tanzania

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2017/4208405 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elikana Lekei ◽

Aiwerasia V. Ngowi ◽

Leslie London

Keyword(s):

Pesticide Poisoning ◽

Health Issues ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Older Children ◽

Vulnerable Children ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Hygiene Measures ◽

Poisoning In Children ◽

And Control ◽

Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Background. Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is a serious problem worldwide. Because the burden of childhood APP is unknown in Tanzania, this study describes the distribution, circumstances, and patterns of APP involving children under 18 years in Tanzania. Methodology. A 12-month prospective study was conducted in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities in 2006 using a data collection tool for surveillance. Results. Of 53 childhood poisoning cases identified, 56.6% were female. The most common poisoning circumstances were accidents (49.1%) and suicide (30.2%). The most vulnerable children were 16-17 years old (30.2%). Suicide was significantly more common in females (PRR females/males = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.03–2.68) and accidental cases were more common in children aged 10 years or younger. Suicide was concentrated in children over 10 years, comprising 53% of cases in this age group. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, and endosulfan were common amongst reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence rate was 1.61/100,000. Conclusion. APP is common among children in this region of Tanzania. Prevention of suicide in older children should address mental health issues and control access to toxic pesticides. Prevention of accidents in younger children requires safer storage and hygiene measures. Diverse interventions are needed to reduce pesticide poisoning among children in Tanzania.

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Acute Pesticide Poisoning: Review of Patients Attending at Emergency Department in Chitwan Medical College

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8469 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 62-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daya Ram Lamsal

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Pesticide Poisoning ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Patient Status ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Acute Pesticide Poisoning

To find out the hospital based incidence, pattern and fatality of acute pesticide poisoning which may be helpful to develop better management strategy and preventive campaign. A total of 88 patients were reported in emergency with acute pesticide poisoning out of 178 total acute poisoning cases resulting in APP rate 49.43% of total poisoning cases. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.5. The age group specific incidence of acute poisoning showed 7.95% in 0-14 years, 45.55% in 15-29 years 30.68% in 30-44 years and 12.50% in 45-59 years and3.40% in 60 years and above. Out of 88 patients 79.55% admitted,20.45% of patient status was unknown as these patients were referred or refused admission. lost follow up .Among admitted patients 8.57% died and 91.43% dischared from hospital. Maximum case fatality ratio (28.57%) was due to endosulfan poisoning. Pesticide is responsible in 49.43% of all poisoning patients visiting to emergency department with the mortality of 6.80% among pesticide poisoning, Women have high morbidity but man predominantly exceeds on mortality rate.. Highest case fatality observed among the endosufan exposed group. How patients are getting such toxic poisons and why these victims are being exposed needs further study. Emphasis on case management and preventive campaigns would have some impact in reducing morbidity and mortality from acute pesticide poisoning. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 62-64 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8469

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COVID-19 in conflict border regions: a case of South Kordofan, Sudan

Conflict and Health ◽

10.1186/s13031-021-00370-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Quraish Sserwanja ◽

Mohammed Bashir Adam ◽

Joseph Kawuki ◽

Emmanuel Olal

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality ◽

Mechanical Ventilators ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Bed Capacity ◽

Displaced People ◽

Set Up ◽

One Year ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

South Kordofan

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Sudan on 13 March 2020. Since then, Sudan has experienced one of the highest rates of COVID-19 spread and fatalities in Africa. One year later, as per 22 March 2021, Sudan had registered 29,661 confirmed cases and 2,028 deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 6.8 %. By 12 December 2020, of the 18 states in Sudan, South Kordofan had the fifth highest CFR of 17.4 %, only surpassed by the other conflict affected North (57.5 %), Central (50.0 %) and East (31.8 %) Darfur States. By late March 2021, just three months from December 2020, the number of cases in South Kordofan increased by 100 %, but with a significant decline in the CFR from 17.4 to 8.5 %. South Kordofan is home to over 200,000 poor and displaced people from years of destructive civil unrests. To date, several localities such as the Nubba mountains region remain under rebel control and are not accessible. South Kordofan State Ministry of Health in collaboration with the federal government and non-governmental organizations set up four isolation centres with 40 total bed capacity, but with only two mechanical ventilators and no testing centre. There is still need for further multi-sectoral coalition and equitable allocation of resources to strengthen the health systems of rural and conflict affected regions. This article aims at providing insight into the current state of COVID-19 in South Kordofan amidst the second wave to address the dearth of COVID-19 information in rural and conflict affected regions.

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Analysis of machete cut fractures in Nigerian civilian trauma setting

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79981-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Njoku Isaac Omoke ◽

Omolade Ayoola Lasebikan ◽

Francis Ndubuisi Ahaotu ◽

Ugochukwu Uzodimma Nnadozie ◽

Gregory Chinedu Nwigwe

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Shock ◽

Hospital Care ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Accidental Injury ◽

Early Presentation ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Prolonged Length ◽

Civilian Trauma ◽

One Year

AbstractMachete cut fracture is an important component of morbidity associated with machete injuries although it is under reported. This was a retrospective study to assess machete cut fractures in patients seen in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki and National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu from 2009 to 2018. There were 91 patients with 154 fractures, male- to- female ratio was 10:1 and mean age was 31.6 ± 14.6 years. The aetiological factors were assault (57, 62.6%), armed robbery (29, 31.9%) and accidental injury (5, 5.5%). The three top bones involved were ulna, metacarpal and finger-phalanx. Fracture was communited in (17, 11.0%), and Gustilo Anderson grade IIIC in (22, 14.3%). Injury to hospital arrival interval later than 6 h was common and correlated with prolonged length of hospital stay (p < 0.001). Anaemia, wound infection and hemorrhagic shock were the three top complications. Nine (5.8%) fractures ended in extremity amputation. Eleven (12.1%) patients left against medical advice, and 5 (5.5%) were transferred. Normal union in 98.3% of the fractures treated and followed up for a minimum of one year. Case fatality rate was 2.2%; none of the patient that died had pre hospital care, and hemorrhagic shock accounted for all the mortality. These call for appropriate injury preventive mechanisms, and improved rates of early presentation of patients to hospital, and pre hospital care.

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Pesticide Use and Self-Reported Symptoms of Acute Pesticide Poisoning among Aquatic Farmers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2011/639814 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Hanne Klith Jensen ◽

Flemming Konradsen ◽

Erik Jørs ◽

Jørgen Holm Petersen ◽

Anders Dalsgaard

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Protective Measure ◽

Pesticide Poisoning ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Phnom Penh ◽

Pesticide Management ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Organophosphates and carbamates (OPs/CMs) are known for their acetylcholinesterase inhibiting character. A cross-sectional study of pesticide handling practices and self-perceived symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning was conducted using questionnaire-based interviews with 89 pesticide sprayers in Boeung Cheung Ek (BCE) Lake, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The study showed that 50% of the pesticides used belonged to WHO class I + II and personal protection among the farmers were inadequate. A majority of the farmers (88%) had experienced symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning, and this was significantly associated with the number of hours spent spraying with OPs/CMs (OR = 1.14, CI 95%: 1.02–1.28). The higher educated farmers reduced their risk of poisoning by 55% for each extra personal protective measure they adapted (OR = 0.45, CI 95%: 0.22–0.91). These findings suggest that improving safe pesticide management practices among the farmers and enforcing the effective banning of the most toxic pesticides will considerably reduce the number of acute pesticide poisoning episodes.

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