scholarly journals Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elikana Eliona Lekei ◽  
Aiwerasia V Ngowi ◽  
Jones Kapeleka ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Abstract Background: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable productionMethods. Over the period of 12 months, health facility-based surveillance for cases of APP was implemented in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities in 2006. Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance.Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectivelyConclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents.

scholarly journals Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elikana Eliona Lekei ◽  
Aiwerasia V Ngowi ◽  
Jones Kapeleka ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
One Year ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Abstract Background: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable production Methods. A one year prospective study in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities was conducted using methods previous published by the same authors in 2014 Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectively Conclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents.

scholarly journals Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elikana Eliona Lekei ◽  
Aiwerasia V Ngowi ◽  
Jones Kapeleka ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
One Year ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Abstract Background: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable production Methods. A one year hospital based surveillance study in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities was conducted using methods previous published by the same authors in 2014 Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectively Conclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents. Key Words: Acute Pesticide Poisoning, adolescent girls & women, Northern Tanzania

scholarly journals Acute pesticide poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in northern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elikana Lekei ◽  
Aiwerasia V. Ngowi ◽  
Jones Kapeleka ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

scholarly journals Prevalence and Epidemiological Trends in Mortality Due to COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dema A. Alissa ◽  
Wejdan Aburas ◽  
Hajar Y. Almudaiheem ◽  
Zohair Al Aseri ◽  
Fahad Alrabiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Data Registry ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) created a major public health emergency and an international concern. It is an infectious respiratory illness caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The international mortality rates due to COVID-19 reached 2,748,763 on March 24, 2021. We describe the prevalence, case fatality rate, and epidemiological trends of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia in this paper.Method: A systematic approach of evaluating COVID-19 related mortalities was established in Saudi Arabia. A scientific committee that evaluated all reported cases with suspicious or confirmed COVID-19 disease using a standardized electronic form. A data registry of all deaths with all clinical parameters was built based on active reporting from all healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia. Analysis of data using national and regional crude case fatality rate (cCFR) and death per 100,000 population was carried. Descriptive analysis of age, gender, nationality, and comorbidities. Mortality trend was plotted per week and compared to international figures.Results: The total reported number of deaths between March 23rd until April 9, 2021 was 6,737. cCFR was reported as 1.70%, and death per 100,000 population was reported as 19.24 which compared favourably to figures reported by several developed countries. Highest percentages of deaths were among individuals aged between 60-69 years, males (74%), individuals with diabetes (60%), and Hypertension (50%). Conclusion: Case fatality rate and death per 100,000 population in Saudi Arabia is among the lowest in the world due to multiple factors. Several comorbidities have been identified namely diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Children: Hospital Review in Selected Hospitals of Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elikana Lekei ◽  
Aiwerasia V. Ngowi ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Poisoning In Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Background. Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is a serious problem worldwide. Because the burden of childhood APP is unknown in Tanzania, this study describes the distribution, circumstances, and patterns of APP involving children under 18 years in Tanzania. Methodology. A 12-month prospective study was conducted in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities in 2006 using a data collection tool for surveillance. Results. Of 53 childhood poisoning cases identified, 56.6% were female. The most common poisoning circumstances were accidents (49.1%) and suicide (30.2%). The most vulnerable children were 16-17 years old (30.2%). Suicide was significantly more common in females (PRR females/males = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.03–2.68) and accidental cases were more common in children aged 10 years or younger. Suicide was concentrated in children over 10 years, comprising 53% of cases in this age group. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, and endosulfan were common amongst reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence rate was 1.61/100,000. Conclusion. APP is common among children in this region of Tanzania. Prevention of suicide in older children should address mental health issues and control access to toxic pesticides. Prevention of accidents in younger children requires safer storage and hygiene measures. Diverse interventions are needed to reduce pesticide poisoning among children in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Acute Pesticide Poisoning: Review of Patients Attending at Emergency Department in Chitwan Medical College

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Ram Lamsal
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

To find out the hospital based incidence, pattern and fatality of acute pesticide poisoning which may be helpful to develop better management strategy and preventive campaign. A total of 88 patients were reported in emergency with acute pesticide poisoning out of 178 total acute poisoning cases resulting in APP rate 49.43% of total poisoning cases. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.5. The age group specific incidence of acute poisoning showed 7.95% in 0-14 years, 45.55% in 15-29 years 30.68% in 30-44 years and 12.50% in 45-59 years and3.40% in 60 years and above. Out of 88 patients 79.55% admitted,20.45% of patient status was unknown as these patients were referred or refused admission. lost follow up .Among admitted patients 8.57% died and 91.43% dischared from hospital. Maximum case fatality ratio (28.57%) was due to endosulfan poisoning. Pesticide is responsible in 49.43% of all poisoning patients visiting to emergency department with the mortality of 6.80% among pesticide poisoning, Women have high morbidity but man predominantly exceeds on mortality rate.. Highest case fatality observed among the endosufan exposed group. How patients are getting such toxic poisons and why these victims are being exposed needs further study. Emphasis on case management and preventive campaigns would have some impact in reducing morbidity and mortality from acute pesticide poisoning. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 62-64 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8469

Impact of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol on COVID-19 case-fatality rate reduction in Algeria. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Youssef Kada
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND Covid-19 is an emerging infectious disease like viral zoonosis caused by new coronavirus SARS CoV 2. On December 31, 2019, Wuhan Municipal Health Commission in Hubei province (China) reported cases of pneumonia, the origin of which is a new coronavirus. Rapidly extendable around the world, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares it pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic reaches Algeria on February 25, 2020, date on which the Algerian minister of health, announced the first case of Covid-19, a foreign citizen. From March 1, a cluster is formed in Blida and becomes the epicentre of the coronavirus epidemic in Algeria, its total quarantine is established on March 24, 2020, it will be smoothly alleviated on April 24. A therapeutic protocol based on hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was put in place on March 23, for complicated cases, it was extended to all the cases confirmed on April 06. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol in Algeria, in particular after its extension to all patients diagnosed COVID-19 positive on RT-PCR test. We were able to illustrate this fact graphically, but not to prove it statistically because the design of our study, indeed in the 7 days which followed generalization of therapeutic protocol, case fatality rate decrease and doubling time increase, thus confirming the impact of wide and early prescription of hydroxychloroquin/azithromycin protocol. METHODS We have analyzed the data collected from press releases and follow-ups published daily by the Ministry of Health, we have studied the possible correlations of these data with certain events or decisions having a possible impact on their development, such as confinement at home and its reduction, the prescription of hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin combination for serious patients and its extension to all positive COVID subjects. Results are presented in graphics, the data collection was closed on 31/05/2020. RESULTS Covid-19 pandemic spreads from February 25, 2020, when a foreign citizen is tested positive, on March 1 a cluster is formed in the city of Blida where sixteen members of the same family are infected during a wedding party. Wilaya of Blida becomes the epicentre of coronavirus epidemic in Algeria and lockdown measures taken, while the number of national cases diagnosed begins to increases In any event, the association of early containment measures combined with a generalized initial treatment for all positive cases, whatever their degree of severity, will have contributed to a reduction in the fatality rate of COVID 19 and a slowing down of its doubling time. CONCLUSIONS In Algeria, the rapid combination of rigorous containment measure at home and early generalized treatment with hydroxychloroquin have demonstrated their effectiveness in terms of morbidity and mortality, the classic measures of social distancing and hygiene will make it possible to perpetuate these results by reducing viral transmission, the only unknown, the reopening procedure which can only be started after being surrounded by precautions aimed at ensuring the understanding of the population. CLINICALTRIAL Algeria, Covid-19, pandemic, hydroxychloroquin, azithromycin, case fatality rate

scholarly journals Author Correction: Calcium channel blocker amlodipine besylate therapy is associated with reduced case fatality rate of COVID-19 patients with hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei-Ke Zhang ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Haolong Zeng ◽  
Qingxing Wang ◽  
Xiaming Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Amlodipine Besylate

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-021-00267-0

scholarly journals Early determination of case fatality rate of COVID-19 pandemic during the ongoing Yemeni armed conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdulla Salem Bin Ghouth ◽  
Ali Ahmed Al-Waleedi ◽  
Marhami Fahriani ◽  
Firzan Nainu ◽  
Harapan Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Objectives: To determine the case-fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its associated determinants in order to understand the true magnitude of the problem during ongoing conflict in Yemen. Methods: The CFR among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Yemen was calculated. The data was retrieved from national COVID-19 surveillance between April 10, when the first COVID-19 case reported, and May 31, 2020. Results: A total of 419 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported. There were 14.1% and 5.7% of cases who required intensive care and mechanical ventilators, respectively. Out of total cases, 95 deaths were reported, giving CFR of 22.6% which is much higher compared to other countries. CFR was significantly higher among elderly compared to young adults and varied between governorates. Mortality was associated with preexisting hypertension (OR: 2.30; 95%CI: 1.58, 3.54) and diabetes (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.08, 2.61). Conclusions: Elderly and those with comorbidities, in particular hypertension and diabetes, have higher risk for poor outcomes and therefore should receive more attention in the clinical setting. Preventive measures should also be prioritized to protect those groups in order to reduce the severe cases and deaths-associated COVID-19 in armed-conflict.

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