scholarly journals Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Resting State Networks of ADHD Patients Revealed by Independent Component Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayu Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Weifang Cao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Qing Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Group Ica ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus

Abstract Background: ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Altered functional connectivity has been associated with ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate abnormal changes in the functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks (RSNs) among adolescent patients with different subtypes of ADHD. Methods: The data were obtained from the ADHD-200 Global Competition, including fMRI data from 88 ADHD patients (56 patients of ADHD-Combined, ADHD-C and 32 patients of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-I) and 67 typically developing controls (TD-C). Group ICA was utilized to research aberrant brain functional connectivity within the different subtypes of ADHD. Results: In comparison with the TD-C group, the ADHD-C group showed clusters of decreased functional connectivity in the left inferior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0041) and right superior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0011) of the dorsal attention network (DAN), supplementary motor area (p = 0.0036) of the executive control network (ECN), left supramarginal gyrus (p = 0.0081) of the salience network (SN), middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0041), and superior medial frontal gyrus (p = 0.0055) of the default mode network (DMN), while the ADHD-I group showed decreased functional connectivity in the right superior parietal gyrus (p = 0.0017) of the DAN and left middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0105) of the DMN. In comparison with the ADHD-I group, the ADHD-C group showed decreased functional connectivity in the superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0062) of the AN, inferior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0016) of the DAN, and the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (p = 0.0082) of the DMN. All the clusters surviving at p < 0.05 (AlphaSim correction). Conclusion: The results suggested that decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and DAN was responsible, at least in part, for the symptom of inattention in ADHD-I patients. Similarly, we believed that the impaired functional connectivity within networks may contribute to the manifestations of ADHD-C patients, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and unconscious movements.

scholarly journals Aberrant functional connectivity in resting state networks of ADHD patients revealed by independent component analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayu Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Weifang Cao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Qing Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Group Ica ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus

Abstract Background ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Altered functional connectivity has been associated with ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate abnormal changes in the functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks (RSNs) among adolescent patients with different subtypes of ADHD. Methods The data were obtained from the ADHD-200 Global Competition, including fMRI data from 88 ADHD patients (56 patients of ADHD-Combined, ADHD-C and 32 patients of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-I) and 67 typically developing controls (TD-C). Group ICA was utilized to research aberrant brain functional connectivity within the different subtypes of ADHD. Results In comparison with the TD-C group, the ADHD-C group showed clusters of decreased functional connectivity in the left inferior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0041) and right superior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0011) of the dorsal attention network (DAN), supplementary motor area (p = 0.0036) of the executive control network (ECN), left supramarginal gyrus (p = 0.0081) of the salience network (SN), middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0041), and superior medial frontal gyrus (p = 0.0055) of the default mode network (DMN), while the ADHD-I group showed decreased functional connectivity in the right superior parietal gyrus (p = 0.0017) of the DAN and left middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0105) of the DMN. In comparison with the ADHD-I group, the ADHD-C group showed decreased functional connectivity in the superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0062) of the AN, inferior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0016) of the DAN, and the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (p = 0.0082) of the DMN. All the clusters surviving at p < 0.05 (AlphaSim correction). Conclusion The results suggested that decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and DAN was responsible, at least in part, for the symptom of inattention in ADHD-I patients. Similarly, we believed that the impaired functional connectivity within networks may contribute to the manifestations of ADHD-C patients, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and unconscious movements.

scholarly journals Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Resting State Networks of ADHD Patients Revealed by Independent Component Analysis(ICA)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayu Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Weifang Cao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Qing Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Group Ica ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus

Abstract Background：ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Altered functional connectivity has been associated with ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate abnormal changes in the functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks (RSNs) among adolescent patients with different subtypes of ADHD. Methods: The data were obtained from the ADHD-200 Global Competition, including fMRI data from 88 ADHD patients (56 patients of ADHD-Combined，ADHD-C and 32 patients of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-I) and 67 Typically-Developing Controls (TD-C). Group ICA was utilized to research aberrant brain functional connectivity within different subtypes of ADHD. Results: Compared with TD-C group, the clusters of decreased functional connectivity were located in the left inferior occipital gyrus (p=0.0041) and right superior occipital gyrus (p=0.0011) of DAN, supplementary motor area (p=0.0036) of ECN, left supramarginal gyrus (p=0.0081) of SN, middle temporal gyrus (p=0.0041) and superior medial frontal gyrus (p=0.0055) of DMN in ADHD-C group. In the ADHD-I group, decreased functional connectivity was found in the right superior parietal gyrus (p=0.0017) of DAN and left middle temporal gyrus (p=0.0105) of DMN. The decreased functional connectivity of ADHD-C group was found in superior temporal gyrus (p=0.0062) of AN, inferior temporal gyrus (p=0.0016) of DAN, dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (p=0.0082) of DMN compared to ADHD-I group. All the clusters surviving at p<0.05 (AlphaSim correction). Conclusion: The results suggested that decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and DAN was responsible, at least in part, for the symptom of inattention in ADHD-I patients. Similarly, we believed that the impaired functional connectivity within networks may contribute to the manifestations of ADHD-C patients, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and unconscious movements.

scholarly journals Cortical Areas Associated With Multisensory Integration Showing Altered Morphology and Functional Connectivity in Relation to Reduced Life Quality in Vestibular Migraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhe ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Min Tang ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Middle

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that the temporal and parietal lobes are associated with multisensory integration and vestibular migraine. However, temporal and parietal lobe structural and functional connectivity (FC) changes related to vestibular migraine need to be further investigated.Methods: Twenty-five patients with vestibular migraine (VM) and 27 age- and sex- matched healthy controls participated in this study. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing migraine and vertigo-related clinical features. Cerebral cortex characteristics [i.e., thickness (CT), fractal dimension (FD), sulcus depth (SD), and the gyrification index (GI)] were evaluated using an automated Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). Regions with significant differences were used in a seed-based comparison of resting-state FC conducted with DPABI. The relationship between changes in cortical characteristics or FC and clinical features was also analyzed in the patients with VM.Results: Relative to controls, patients with VM showed significantly thinner CT in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and the right superior parietal lobule. A shallower SD was observed in the right superior and inferior parietal lobule. FD and GI did not differ significantly between the two groups. A negative correlation was found between CT in the right inferior temporal gyrus, as well as the left middle temporal gyrus, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score in VM patients. Furthermore, patients with VM exhibited weaker FC between the left inferior/middle temporal gyrus and the left medial superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area.Conclusion: Our data revealed cortical structural and resting-state FC abnormalities associated with multisensory integration, contributing to a lower quality of life. These observations suggest a role for multisensory integration in patients with VM pathophysiology. Future research should focus on using a task-based fMRI to measure multisensory integration.

scholarly journals Abnormal functional connectivity density in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhai Tu ◽  
Pingping Huang ◽  
Chuanwan Mao ◽  
Xiaozheng Liu ◽  
Jianlu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Middle

[Objective] Functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was used to investigate abnormalities and factors related to brain functional connectivity (F.C.) in cortical regions of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and to analyze the pathogenesis of DON further. [Methods] Patients diagnosed with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) in the Eye Hospital were enrolled. All patients underwent comprehensive eye examinations and best-corrected visual acuity, visual field(V.F.) test. MRI data collection and analysis were completed in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The patients were divided into two groups: the DON group, with an average visual field, mean deviation (M.D.) of both eyes < -5 dB, and the non-DON group (nDON group), with an average visual field M.D. of both eyes ≥ -2 dB. [Results] A total of 30 TAO patients (14 men, 16 women) with complete data who met the experimental requirements were enrolled. The average age was 48.79 (40~ 57) years. There were 16 patients in the DON group and 14 patients in the nDON group. No significant differences in age, gender, education level, and the maximum horizontal diameter of either medial rectus muscle were found between the two groups. The difference of brain FCD between the two groups showed significant abnormal connectivity in the right orbital gyri of the frontal lobe (Frontal_Inf_Orb_R) and the left precuneus in the DON group compared with the nDON group. As demonstrated by decreased FCD values in the right inferior frontal gyrus/orbital part, the relevant brain regions were the left middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and brain gyri (excluding the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus) below the left parietal bone. The FCD associated with the left precuneus was increased, and the relevant brain areas were the left middle temporal gyrus, right cuneus, superior occipital gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus. A significant correlation was identified between the MD. of the binocular visual field and brain FCD. [Conclusion] The abnormal FCD in the cortex of DON patients suggests that a central nervous system mechanism may be related to the pathogenesis of the DON.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Sedation with Midazolam on Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal Attention Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Junkai Wang ◽  
Yachao Xu ◽  
Gopikrishna Deshpande ◽  
Kuncheng Li ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Light Sedation ◽  
The Right

Altered connectivity within and between the resting-state networks (RSNs) brought about by anesthetics that induce altered consciousness remains incompletely understood. It is known that the dorsal attention network (DAN) and its anticorrelations with other RSNs have been implicated in consciousness. However, the role of DAN-related functional patterns in drug-induced sedative effects is less clear. In the current study, we investigated altered functional connectivity of the DAN during midazolam-induced light sedation. In a placebo-controlled and within-subjects experimental study, fourteen healthy volunteers received midazolam or saline with a 1-week interval. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired before and after intravenous drug administration. A multiple region of interest-driven analysis was employed to investigate connectivity within and between RSNs. It was found that functional connectivity was significantly decreased by midazolam injection in two regions located in the left inferior parietal lobule and the left middle temporal area within the DAN as compared with the saline condition. We also identified three clusters in anticorrelation between the DAN and other RSNs for the interaction effect, which included the left medial prefrontal cortex, the right superior temporal gyrus, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Connectivity between all regions and DAN was significantly decreased by midazolam injection. The sensorimotor network was minimally affected. Midazolam decreased functional connectivity of the dorsal attention network. These findings advance the understanding of the neural mechanism of sedation, and such functional patterns might have clinical implications in other medical conditions related to patients with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Delineating functional segregations of the human middle temporal gyrus with resting‐state functional connectivity and coactivation patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 5159-5171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Xu ◽  
Hanqing Lyu ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Ziyun Xu ◽  
Xianjun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Middle Temporal

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study on Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Individuals with Disorganized Attachment: Evidence for Key Regions in Amygdala and Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Gianluca Cruciani ◽  
Maddalena Boccia ◽  
Vittorio Lingiardi ◽  
Guido Giovanardi ◽  
Pietro Zingaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
The Right

Studies comparing organized (O) and unresolved/disorganized (UD) attachment have consistently shown structural and functional brain abnormalities, although whether and how attachment patterns may affect resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) is still little characterized. Here, we investigated RSFC of temporal and limbic regions of interest for UD attachment. Participants’ attachment was classified via the Adult Attachment Interview, and all participants underwent clinical assessment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 11 UD individuals and seven matched O participants during rest. A seed-to-voxel analysis was performed, including the anterior and the posterior cingulate cortex, the bilateral insula, amygdala and hippocampus as seed regions. No group differences in the clinical scales emerged. Compared to O, the UD group showed lower RSFC between the left amygdala and the left cerebellum (lobules VIII), and lower functional coupling between the right hippocampus and the posterior portion of the right middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, UD participants showed higher RSFC between the right amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings suggest RSFC alterations in regions associated with encoding of salient events, emotion processing, memories retrieval and self-referential processing in UD participants, highlighting the potential role of attachment experiences in shaping brain abnormalities also in non-clinical UD individuals.

scholarly journals Impaired Effective Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Network in Interictal Episodic Migraineurs Without Aura

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Le Wei ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yu-Chen Chen ◽  
Yu-Sheng Yu ◽  
Xi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) has confirmed sensorimotor network (SMN) dysfunction in migraine without aura (MwoA). However, the underlying mechanisms of SMN causal functional connectivity in MwoA remain unclear. We aimed to explore the association between clinical characteristics and effective functional connectivity in SMN, in interictal patients who have MwoA.Methods: We used Rs-fMRI to acquire imaging data in forty episodic patients with MwoA in the interictal phase and thirty-four healthy controls (HCs). Independent component analysis was used to profile the distribution of SMN and calculate the different SMN activity between the two groups. Subsequently, Granger causality analysis was used to analyze the effective causal connectivity between the SMN and other brain regions.Results: Compared to the HCs, MwoA patients showed higher activity in the bilateral postcentral gyri (PoCG) and supplementary motor areas, but lower activity in left Rolandic operculum/insula. Moreover, MwoA patients showed significantly causal connectivity from the SMN to the left calcarine sulcus, left middle temporal gyrus, right angular gyrus and right precuneus. There was also significant causal connectivity from the left calcarine sulcus, left inferior orbitofrontal cortex, right cuneus, right putamen and left inferior parietal lobule to the SMN. In the interictal period, there was positive correlation between the activity of the left PoCG and headache frequency (r = 0.410, p = 0.013), but negative correlation between the activity of the right PoCG and the impact of headache (r = -0.397, p = 0.016). In addition, the disease duration was directly proportional to the connectivity strength from the left PoCG to the right angular gyrus (r = 0.418, p = 0.011), and from the right PoCG to the left calcarine sulcus (r = 0.377, p = 0.023).Conclusions: These differential, resting-state functional activities of the SMN in episodic MwoA may contribute to the understanding of migraine-related intra- and internetwork imbalances associated with nociceptive regulation and chronification.

scholarly journals Maladaptive alterations of resting state cortical network in Tinnitus: A directed functional connectivity analysis of a larger MEG data set

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Paraskevopoulos ◽  
Christian Dobel ◽  
Andreas Wollbrink ◽  
Vasiliki Salvari ◽  
Panagiotis D. Bamidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tinnitus Distress ◽  
The Right

Abstract The present study used resting state MEG whole-head recordings to identify how chronic tonal tinnitus relates to altered functional connectivity of brain’s intrinsic cortical networks. Resting state MEG activity of 40 chronic tinnitus patients and 40 matched human controls was compared identifying significant alterations in intrinsic networks of the tinnitus population. Directed functional connectivity of the resting brain, at a whole cortex level, was estimated by means of a statistical comparison of the estimated phase Transfer Entropy (pTE) between the time-series of cortical activations, as reconstructed by LORETA. As pTE identifies the direction of the information flow, a detailed analysis of the connectivity differences between tinnitus patients and controls was possible. Results indicate that the group of tinnitus patients show increased connectivity from right dorsal prefrontal to right medial temporal areas. Our results go beyond previous findings by indicating that the role of the left para-hippocampal area is dictated by a modulation from dmPFC; a region that is part of the dorsal attention network (DAN), as well as implicated in the regulation of emotional processing. Additionally, this whole cortex analysis showed a crucial role of the left inferior parietal cortex, which modulated the activity of the right superior temporal gyrus, providing new hypotheses for the role of this area within the context of current tinnitus models. Overall, these maladaptive alterations of the structure of intrinsic cortical networks show a decrease in efficiency and small worldness of the resting state network of tinnitus patients, which is correlated to tinnitus distress.

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