scholarly journals Study investigating executive function in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Xu ◽  
Kongliang He ◽  
Xiaomeng Bai ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Guixian Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Perseverative Error ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Perseverative Response ◽  
Executive Impairment ◽  
Sorting Test

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious genetic mental illness. Most research indicates that executive impairment has a certain genetic predisposition. The shared neuropathological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their siblings might reveal intermediate phenotypes in behavior that could be used to further characterize the illness. Methods: Our study involved 32 schizophrenia patients, 32 unaffected siblings,and 33 healthy controls. The three groups underwent a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and a battery of cognitive neuropsychological assessments. These tests evaluated executive function and several cognitive domains. Results: In this study, the WCST results demonstrate that the total correct (TC), total error (TE), perseverative response (PR) and perseverative error (PE) scores in the SZ group were significantly lower than those in the HC group (TC (p=0.011), TE (p<0.001), PR (p=0.007) and PE (p=0.002)), and compared to the unaffected siblings, we found significant differences in TE (p=0.003). Moreover, significant differences were observed between the unaffected siblings and healthy controls as follows: TC (p=0.034), TE (p=0.008), PR (p=0.016) and PE (p=0.013). Conclusion: The schizophrenia patients and their siblings performed worse in the WCST test than the healthy controls. This result supports the claim that the development of functional impairment is not unique to schizophrenia patients and that unaffected siblings may have a certain level of abnormal brain function.Neurological abnormalities lead to abnormal functioning in siblings and patients,suggesting that genetics plays a considerable role in such results.

INECO Frontal Screening: an Instrument to assess Executive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Silva ◽  
Luís Monteiro ◽  
Emanuela Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractAlthough several brief sensitive screening tools are available to detect executive dysfunction, few have been developed to quickly assess executive functioning. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a brief tool which has proved be useful for the assessment of the executive functions in patients with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore whether the IFS is as sensitive and specific as the BADS, a battery designed to assess the dysexecutive syndrome, in schizophrenia. Our sample comprised a group of 34 schizophrenic patients (Mean age = 39.59, DP = 10.697) and 31 healthy controls (Mean age = 35.52, DP = 10.211). To all groups were administered the BADS, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and IFS. The results suggest that schizophrenic patients performed significantly worse than the control group in all tests (p < .05). The IFS total score was 13.29 for the experimental group and 26.21 for the control group (p < .001). Considering a cut-off of 14 points, the IFS sensitivity was 100% and specificity 56% in detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia, compared with the BADS, that if we consider a cut-off of 11 points, was a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50%. Thus, IFS is a brief, sensitive and specific tool for the detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Is executive function distinguishing schizophrenia from bipolar disorder?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1419-1419
Author(s):  
M.R. Khodaee ◽  
M.K. Derakhshan ◽  
A. Khodabakhshi Kooalee
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

ObjectivesThere is an evidence for differential executive function in bipolar type 1 disorder (B1D) and schizophrenia that may tend different cognitive deficits and abnormalities. The objective of this study was to compare the executive function of B1D and schizophrenic patients.MethodWe studied 50 patients with B1D, and 50 schizophrenic participants. All participants completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) of the Persian version. The participants were match in three basic variables which had most contributions in cognitive conditions in patients. They were Age, educational status and period of illness.ResultsThe two patient groups had compared performance on the WCST. In the WCST, schizophrenic patients showed impairment executive function more than B1D patients.ConclusionsFindings indicated that schizophrenic patients had more dysfunctions executive function than the Bipolar type 1 disorder patients. Although, both disorders may show the impairment in executive function, but the dysfunction in schizophrenia greater than bipolar type 1disorder patients.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Piper ◽  
Shane T. Mueller ◽  
Alexander R. Geerken ◽  
Kyle L. Dixon ◽  
Gregory Kroliczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Pursuit Rotor ◽  
Sorting Test

Background.The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software consists of over one-hundred computerized tests based on classic and novel cognitive neuropsychology and behavioral neurology measures. Although the PEBL tests are becoming more widely utilized, there is currently very limited information about the psychometric properties of these measures.Methods.Study I examined inter-relationships among nine PEBL tests including indices of motor-function (Pursuit Rotor and Dexterity), attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance and Time-Wall), working memory (Digit Span Forward), and executive-function (PEBL Trail Making Test, Berg/Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Iowa Gambling Test, and Mental Rotation) in a normative sample (N= 189, ages 18–22). Study II evaluated test–retest reliability with a two-week interest interval between administrations in a separate sample (N= 79, ages 18–22).Results.Moderate intra-test, but low inter-test, correlations were observed and ceiling/floor effects were uncommon. Sex differences were identified on the Pursuit Rotor (Cohen’sd= 0.89) and Mental Rotation (d= 0.31) tests. The correlation between the test and retest was high for tests of motor learning (Pursuit Rotor time on targetr= .86) and attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance response timer= .79), intermediate for memory (digit spanr= .63) but lower for the executive function indices (Wisconsin/Berg Card Sorting Test perseverative errors = .45, Tower of London moves = .15). Significant practice effects were identified on several indices of executive function.Conclusions.These results are broadly supportive of the reliability and validity of individual PEBL tests in this sample. These findings indicate that the freely downloadable, open-source PEBL battery (http://pebl.sourceforge.net) is a versatile research tool to study individual differences in neurocognitive performance.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young-adults

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Piper ◽  
Shane T Mueller ◽  
Alexander R Geerken ◽  
Kyle L Dixon ◽  
Gregory Kroliczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Pursuit Rotor ◽  
Sorting Test

Background. The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software consists of over one-hundred computerized tests based on classic cognitive neuropsychology and behavioral neurology measures. Although the PEBL tests are becoming more widely utilized, there is currently very limited information about the psychometric properties of these measures. Methods. Study I examined inter-relationships among ten PEBL tests including indices of motor-function (Pursuit Rotor and Dexterity), attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance and Time-Wall), working memory (Digit Span Forward), and executive-function (PEBL Trail Making Test, Berg/Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Iowa Gambling Test, and Mental Rotation) in a normative sample (N = 189, ages 18-22). Study II evaluated test-retest reliability with a two-week interest interval between administrations in a separate sample (N = 79, ages 18-22). Results. Moderate intra-test, but low inter-test, correlations were observed and ceiling/floor effects were uncommon. Sex differences were identified on the Pursuit Rotor (Cohen’s d = 0.89) and Mental Rotation (d = 0.31) tests. The correlation between the test and retest was high for tests of motor learning (Pursuit Rotor time on target r = .86) and attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance response time r = .79), intermediate for memory (digit span r = .63) but lower for the executive function indices (Wisconsin/Berg Card Sorting Test perseverative errors = .45, Tower of London moves = .15). Significant practice effects were identified on several indices of executive function. Conclusions. These results are broadly supportive of the reliability and validity of individual PEBL tests in this sample. These findings indicate that the freely downloadable, open-source, PEBL battery http://pebl.sourceforge.net is a versatile research tool to study individual differences in neurocognitive performance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Executive Function in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury with the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Lizzette Gómez-de-Regil
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

This review aimed at providing a brief and comprehensive summary of recent research regarding the use of the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST) to assess executive function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A bibliographical search, performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo, targeted publications from 2010 to 2020, in English or Spanish. Information regarding the studies’ designs, sample features and use of the WCST scores was recorded. An initial search eliciting 387 citations was reduced to 47 relevant papers. The highest proportion of publications came from the United States of America (34.0%) and included adult patients (95.7%). Observational designs were the most frequent (85.1%), the highest proportion being cross-sectional or case series studies. The average time after the occurrence of the TBI ranged from 4 to 62 years in single case studies, and from 6 weeks up to 23.5 years in the studies with more than one patient. Four studies compared groups of patients with TBI according to the severity (mild, moderate and/or severe), and in two cases, the studies compared TBI patients with healthy controls. Randomized control trials were seven in total. The noncomputerized WCST version including 128 cards was the most frequently used (78.7%). Characterization of the clinical profile of participants was the most frequent purpose (34.0%). The WCST is a common measure of executive function in patients with TBI. Although shorter and/or computerized versions are available, the original WCST with 128 cards is still used most often. The WCST is a useful tool for research and clinical purposes, yet a common practice is to report only one or a few of the possible scores, which prevents further valid comparisons across studies. Results might be useful to professionals in the clinical and research fields to guide them in assessment planning and proper interpretation of the WCST scores.

scholarly journals Failure to identify an acute exercise effect on executive function assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chih Wang ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Caterina Pesce ◽  
Tai-Fen Song ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

scholarly journals Analysis of performance on a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for the military

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Cardy Moten ◽  
Quinn Kennedy ◽  
Jonathan Alt ◽  
Peter Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Perseverative Error ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Purpose Current Army doctrine stresses a need for military leaders to have the capability to make flexible and adaptive decisions based on a future unknown environment, location and enemy. To assess a military decision maker’s ability in this context, this paper aims to modify the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test which assesses cognitive flexibility, into a military relevant map task. Thirty-four military officers from all service branches completed the map task. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this study was to modify a current psychological task that measures cognitive flexibility into a military relevant task that includes the challenge of overcoming experiential bias, and understand underlying causes of individual variability in the decision-making and cognitive flexibility behavior of active duty military officers on this task. Findings Results indicated that non-perseverative errors were a strong predictor of cognitive flexibility performance on the map task. Decomposition of non-perseverative error into efficient errors and random errors revealed that participants who did not complete the map task changed their sorting strategy too soon within a series, resulting in a high quantity of random errors. Originality/value This study serves as the first step in customizing cognitive psychological tests for a military purpose and understanding why some military participants show poor cognitive flexibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document