scholarly journals Withdraw of prophylactic antimicrobials does not change resistome in pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Loayza Villa ◽  
Alejandro Torres ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The use of antimicrobials in the animal industry has increased the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antimicrobial-resistance genes which can be transferred to human microbiota through the food chain or the environment. To reduce the influx of antibiotic-resistance to the human microbiota, restrictions on antimicrobials (in food animals) have been implemented in different countries. We investigated the impact of an antimicrobial restriction on the frequency of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in pigs (PCI 1050) from an Ecuadorian farm. Results: No differences in antimicrobial resistant coliforms or antimicrobial resistance genes (richness and abundance) were found when we compared animals fed with or without antibiotics. Nevertheless, the absence of antimicrobials in pigs didn’t impact the productive performance of animals. Conclusion: Fitness costs of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria within intestinal microbiota of animals seems to be overestimated. Avoiding antimicrobials as prophylactics in pigs fed is not enough to control maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Withdraw of prophylactic antimicrobials does not change the pigs’ resistome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loayza-Villa Fernanda ◽  
Torres Alejandro ◽  
Zhang Lixin ◽  
Trueba Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe use of antimicrobials in the animal industry has increased the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant commensal bacteria in food products derived from animals, which could be associated with antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens. To reduce the influx of antibiotic resistant bacteria (and genes) to the human microbiota, restrictions on antimicrobials (in food animals) have been implemented in different countries. We investigated the impact of antimicrobial restriction in the frequency of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in pigs. No differences in antimicrobial resistance or antimicrobial resistance genes (richness or abundance) was found when we compared animals fed with and without antibiotics. Fitness costs of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (in the field) seems to be overestimated.

scholarly journals Removal of antimicrobial prophylaxis and its effect on swine carriage of antimicrobial-resistant coliforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 003685042110502
Author(s):  
Fernanda Loayza-Villa ◽  
Alejandro Torres ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Impact

The use of antimicrobials in the food animal industry has caused an increased prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes, which can be transferred to the microbiota of humans through the food chain or the environment. To reduce the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, restrictions on antimicrobial use in food animals have been implemented in different countries. We investigated the impact of an antimicrobial restriction intervention during two generations of pigs. Fecal samples were collected in five growth phases. The frequency of antimicrobial-resistant coliforms and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria or antimicrobial resistance genes was analyzed. No differences in the richness or abundance of antimicrobial-resistant coliforms or antimicrobial resistance genes were found when animals fed with or without prophylactic antimicrobials were compared. Withholding antimicrobial supplementation did not negatively affect weight gain in pigs. Withdrawal of prophylactic antimicrobial consumption during two generations of pigs was not enough to reduce the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes, as measured by richness and abundance markers. This study indicates that the fitness costs associated with bacterial carriage of some antimicrobial resistance genes are low.

scholarly journals Environmental Biofilms as Reservoirs for Antimicrobial Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Flores-Vargas ◽  
Jordyn Bergsveinson ◽  
John R. Lawrence ◽  
Darren R. Korber
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Cue ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Characterizing the response of microbial communities to a range of antibiotic concentrations is one of the strategies used to understand the impact of antibiotic resistance. Many studies have described the occurrence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities from reservoirs such as hospitals, sewage, and farm feedlots, where bacteria are often exposed to high and/or constant concentrations of antibiotics. Outside of these sources, antibiotics generally occur at lower, sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). The constant exposure to low concentrations of antibiotics may serve as a chemical “cue” that drives development of antibiotic resistance. Low concentrations of antibiotics have not yet been broadly described in reservoirs outside of the aforementioned environments, nor is the transfer and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes within natural microbial communities fully understood. This review will thus focus on low antibiotic-concentration environmental reservoirs and mechanisms that are important in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance to help identify key knowledge gaps concerning the environmental resistome.

scholarly journals Probiotics impact the antibiotic resistance gene reservoir along the human GI tract in a person-specific and antibiotic-dependent manner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Montassier ◽  
Rafael Valdés-Mas ◽  
Eric Batard ◽  
Niv Zmora ◽  
Mally Dori-Bachash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance poses a substantial threat to human health. The gut microbiome is considered a reservoir for potential spread of resistance genes from commensals to pathogens, termed the gut resistome. The impact of probiotics, commonly consumed by many in health or in conjunction with the administration of antibiotics, on the gut resistome is elusive. Reanalysis of gut metagenomes from healthy antibiotics-naïve humans supplemented with an 11-probiotic-strain preparation, allowing direct assessment of the gut resistome in situ along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, demonstrated that probiotics reduce the number of antibiotic resistance genes exclusively in the gut of colonization-permissive individuals. In mice and in a separate cohort of humans, a course of antibiotics resulted in expansion of the lower GI tract resistome, which was mitigated by autologous faecal microbiome transplantation or during spontaneous recovery. In contrast, probiotics further exacerbated resistome expansion in the GI mucosa by supporting the bloom of strains carrying vancomycin resistance genes but not resistance genes encoded by the probiotic strains. Importantly, the aforementioned effects were not reflected in stool samples, highlighting the importance of direct sampling to analyse the effect of probiotics and antibiotics on the gut resistome. Analysing antibiotic resistance gene content in additional published clinical trials with probiotics further highlighted the importance of person-specific metagenomics-based profiling of the gut resistome using direct sampling. Collectively, these findings suggest opposing person-specific and antibiotic-dependent effects of probiotics on the resistome, whose contribution to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes along the human GI tract merit further studies.

scholarly journals 1641. Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection With SER-109 Reduces Gastrointestinal Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S46-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ford ◽  
Matthew Henn ◽  
Jessica Bryant ◽  
Liyang Diao ◽  
Jennifer Wortman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A healthy gut microbiome is associated with colonization resistance against C. difficile and other pathogens, including bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes (AbRG). Designed to facilitate microbiome restoration and reduce the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI), SER-109, an investigational microbiome therapeutic, is an ecology of bacterial spores purified from stool from healthy screened donors. We evaluated the impact of engraftment of SER-109 dose species on the abundance of AbRG in rCDI subjects. Methods We generated whole metagenomic shotgun (WMS) data for a subset of study subjects with available stool samples receiving SER-109 (n = 66) or placebo (n = 25) from 2 clinical trials (a dose-ranging Phase 1b study and a fixed-dose Phase 2 trial). WMS data from stool was analyzed to (1) quantify the abundance of AbRG (Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database CARD v.1.1.8) and (2) define subjects with significant engraftment of SER-109 dose species. For each subject and antibiotic drug class, we calculated the change in abundance of AbRG between samples collected at baseline (after antibiotic therapy for an episode of C. difficile infection) and following treatment with SER-109 or placebo. We evaluated the effect of SER-109 engraftment on AbRG abundance, independent of dose. Results In subjects with significant high-confidence engraftment of SER-109 organisms (n = 30) we observed significantly greater reduction in AbRG relative to placebo at week 1 post treatment. These AbRG were associated with multiple classes of antibiotics including, but not limited to, cephalosporins (P = 0.035), and fluoroquinolones (P = 0.035) (Figure 1). Furthermore, the reduction of AbRG was correlated with the increased abundance of SER-109 dose species, and with a reduction in Proteobacteria (e.g., Enterobactericeae) (Figure 2). Conclusion Restoration of the gut microbiome with SER-109 in subjects with a history of rCDI is associated with a reduction in abundance of antibiotic resistance genes. These observations suggest that microbiome therapeutics could play a role in more rapidly decolonizing drug-resistant bacteria. Disclosures C. Ford, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. M. Henn, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. J. Bryant, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. L. Diao, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. J. Wortman, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. A. Tomlinson, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. K. Litcofsky, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. P. Bernardo, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. B. McGovern, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. J. G. Aunins, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. D. N. Cook, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. M. Trucksis, Seres Therapeutics, Inc: Employee and Shareholder, Salary.

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