scholarly journals Comparison of Bacterial Communities in Soil Samples with and without Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Anna Hu ◽  
Jianuan Zhou ◽  
Wenfei Zhang ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genus Level

Abstract Background: Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-borne phytopathogens. It causes a severe wilt disease with deadly effects on many economically important crops. The microbita of disease-suppressive soils are thought that they can contribute to the disease resistance of crop plants, thus, to conduct the microbial community and their interaction characteristics between suppressive soil (SS) and conducive soil (CS) will help to understand resistance mechanism. Here, the bacterial community structure, correlation analysis with soil chemical properties, interaction network of SS (nearly no disease in three years), and CS (suffered heavy bacterial wilt disease) were analyzed. Results: Compared with CS, a higher bacterial community diversity index was found in SS , and the relative abundance of main genera Bacillus , Gaiellales , Roseiflexus , Gemmatimonadaceae , Nocardioides , and Anaerolineacear reached significant levels. Redundancy analysis at the genus level indicated that the available phosphate played a key role in the bacterial community distribution, and its role was negatively correlated with soil pH, organic matter content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium contents. Interaction network analysis further demonstrated that greater diversity at the genus level existed in the SS network and formed a stable network. Additionally, the species of Mycobacterium , Cyanobacteria , and Rhodobiaceae are the key components that sustain the network stability. Seven clusters of orthologous groups exhibited significant differences between SS and CS. Moreover, 55 bacterial strains with distinct antagonistic activities to R. solancearum were isolated and identified. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the bacterial diversity and interaction network differed between the CS and SS samples, providing a good foundation in the study of bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bacterial Communities in Soil Samples with and without Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Anna Hu ◽  
Jianuan Zhou ◽  
Wenfei Zhang ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genus Level

Abstract Background: Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-borne phytopathogens. It causes a severe wilt disease with deadly effects on many economically important crops. The microbita of disease-suppressive soils are thought that they can contribute to the disease resistance of crop plants, thus, to conduct the microbial community and their interaction characteristics between suppressive soil (SS) and conducive soil (CS) will help to understand resistance mechanism. Here, the bacterial community structure, correlation analysis with soil chemical properties, interaction network of SS (nearly no disease in three years), and CS (suffered heavy bacterial wilt disease) were analyzed. Results: Compared with CS, a higher bacterial community diversity index was found in SS , and the relative abundance of main genera Bacillus , Gaiellales , Roseiflexus , Gemmatimonadaceae , Nocardioides , and Anaerolineacear reached significant levels. Redundancy analysis at the genus level indicated that the available phosphate played a key role in the bacterial community distribution, and its role was negatively correlated with soil pH, organic matter content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium contents. Interaction network analysis further demonstrated that greater diversity at the genus level existed in the SS network and formed a stable network. Additionally, the species of Mycobacterium , Cyanobacteria , and Rhodobiaceae are the key components that sustain the network stability. Seven clusters of orthologous groups exhibited significant differences between SS and CS. Moreover, 55 bacterial strains with distinct antagonistic activities to R. solancearum were isolated and identified. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the bacterial diversity and interaction network differed between the CS and SS samples, providing a good foundation in the study of bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bacterial Communities in Soil Samples with and without Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Anna Hu ◽  
Jianuan Zhou ◽  
Wenfei Zhang ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genus Level

Abstract Background: Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-borne phytopathogens. It causes a severe wilt disease with deadly effects on many economically important crops. The microbita of disease-suppressive soils are thought that they can contribute to the disease resistance of crop plants, thus, to conduct the microbial community and their interaction characteristics between suppressive soil (SS) and conducive soil (CS) will help to understand resistance mechanism. Here, the bacterial community structure, correlation analysis with soil chemical properties, interaction network of SS (nearly no disease in three years), and CS (suffered heavy bacterial wilt disease) were analyzed. Results: Compared with CS, a higher bacterial community diversity index was found in SS , and the relative abundance of main genera Bacillus , Gaiellales , Roseiflexus , Gemmatimonadaceae , Nocardioides , and Anaerolineacear reached significant levels. Redundancy analysis at the genus level indicated that the available phosphate played a key role in the bacterial community distribution, and its role was negatively correlated with soil pH, organic matter content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium contents. Interaction network analysis further demonstrated that greater diversity at the genus level existed in the SS network and formed a stable network. Additionally, the species of Mycobacterium , Cyanobacteria , and Rhodobiaceae are the key components that sustain the network stability. Seven clusters of orthologous groups exhibited significant differences between SS and CS. Moreover, 55 bacterial strains with distinct antagonistic activities to R. solancearum were isolated and identified. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the bacterial diversity and interaction network differed between the CS and SS samples, providing a good foundation in the study of bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bacterial Communities in Soil Samples with and without Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Anna Hu ◽  
Jianuan Zhou ◽  
Wenfei Zhang ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Abstract BackgroundRalstonia solanacearum is one of the most notorious soil-born phytopathogen that causes a severe wilt disease with deadly effects on many economically important crops. The microbial community structure and interactions are commonly changed between bacterial wilt susceptible soil and healthy soil. Here, the bacterial community structure, correlation analysis with soil chemical properties, interaction network of healthy soil (HS, nearly no disease happened at recent three years) and diseased soil (DS, suffered heavy bacterial wilt disease) were analyzed.ResultsCompared to DS, a higher bacterial community diversity index was found in HS, and the relative abundance of main genera Bacillus, Gaiellales, Roseiflexus, Gemmatimonadaceae, Nocardioides and Anaerolineacear reached significant level. Redundancy analysis on genus level indicated that rapid available phosphate played key role on bacterial community distribution difference, and showed negative correlation with the other four chemical properties. Interaction network analysis further demonstrated that the higher genus community diversity and more extensive interactions were existed in HS network and formed stable network, and the genera Mycobacterium, Cyanobacteria and Rhodobiaceae should be the key components that sustain the network stably. Seven clusters of orthologous groups reached significant level difference between HS and DS. Moreover, 55 bacterial strains with distinct antagonistic activities to R. solancearum were isolated and identified. ConclusionsIn summary, our findings indicate that the bacterial diversity and interaction network changed between the HS and DS samples, which are also provide a good research basis for future biological control to the bacterial wilt.

Bacterial community diversity associated with the severity of bacterial wilt disease in tomato fields in southeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 538-549
Author(s):  
Xuefang Zheng ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yujing Zhu ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating plant disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship among soil nutrients, rhizobacterial community, and abundance of R. solanacearum, and to gather useful information for controlling the disease. Fifteen tomato rhizosphere soils were collected from three regions, encompassing five disease grades. Then, soil physicochemical properties and rhizobacterial communities were investigated. The content of soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and exchangeable calcium was significantly higher in the healthy plant rhizosphere soils than in diseased plant rhizosphere soils (P < 0.05). The healthy soils had a relatively higher abundance of Proteobacteria and a lower abundance of Acidobacteria than the diseased soils from the same region. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that R. solanacearum abundance was positively correlated with total nitrogen content and negatively correlated with soil pH, SOC, TP, TK, and exchangeable calcium. Ralstonia solanacearum abundance correlated positively with Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes abundance but negatively with Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria abundance. These results suggested that improving soil pH, applying the amount of P and K fertilizers, and controlling the dosage of N fertilizer might be an effective approach in controlling bacterial wilt disease.

scholarly journals First Report of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on Roselle in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1375-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-F. Wu ◽  
A.-S. Cheng ◽  
C.-H. Lin ◽  
C.-Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
First Report

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. Its calyxes are rich in vitamin C and anthocyanins and are used to make roselle drink and hibiscus tea. Roselles are grown in counties of Taitung, Pingtung, and Chiayi in Taiwan. In addition to a few local cultivars, the major cultivar currently grown in Taiwan is Roselle cv. Victor. In April of 2012, a wilt disease appeared on seedlings of a cultivar, Chiada 1, at the Chungpu Township of Chiayi County. Mature plants were free from this disease. Leaves appeared weak and drooping when they were still green, followed by collapse of the whole plant a few days later. Browning of vascular and pith tissues was evident, especially at the base of the stem. A whitish mass of bacteria oozed from the cut end of diseased stems, suggesting that bacteria might be the cause of this disease. A total of 15 bacterial strains were collected. Colonies on tetrazolium chloride medium (3) were round to oval and fluidal, each with a pink or red center after incubation at 30°C for 48 h. When tobacco leaves were infiltrated with these strains, a hypersensitive reaction (HR) typical of phytopathogenic bacteria was induced. All strains produced the expected amplicon (282 bp) after PCR with the Ralstonia solanacearum-specific primer pair, AU759f and AU760r (4). Three hexose alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol, and dulcitol), rather than three disaccharides (lactose, maltose, and cellobiose), were utilized, which suggests R. solanacearum biovar 4 (2). R. solanacearum phylotype I was determined by phylotype-specific multiplex PCR (1). Pathogenicity of the strains was tested on roselle, tomato, pepper, and eggplant. Young plants of the various species were inoculated at the four- to six-leaf stage by soil drenching with 30 ml of bacterial suspension (about 108 CFU/ml). Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. Each treatment comprised eight plants with a single plant in each pot. Plants were incubated in a greenhouse at 25 to 31°C and 56 to 93% humidity. Wilting was observed 4 to 6 days after inoculation, while the control did not wilt. To find the correlation between plant growth stage and resistance to the pathogen, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-week-old roselle plants cv. Chiada 1 were transplanted into artificially infested soil. Eight plants in each treatment were planted with a single plant in each pot. The disease incidences for plants of different ages were 75%, 62.5%, 50%, and 12.5%, respectively. This study showed that resistance increases with plant age. Hence, if older seedlings are transplanted, the risk of bacterial wilt of roselle can be reduced. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solanacearum on roselle in Taiwan. References: (1) M. Fegan and P. Prior. Bacterial Wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex, page 449. C. Allen et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) A. C. Hayward. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 27:265, 1964. (3) A. Kelman. Phytopathology 44:693, 1954. (4) N. Opina et al. Asia Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. 5:19, 1997.

Heterotrophic Bacterial Community Structure of Multistage Biofilters in a Commercial Pufferfish Takifugu rubripes RAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1621-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Chen ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Liang Zi Liu ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Zhi Pei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Takifugu Rubripes ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Microbial Resources

The success of a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) greatly depends on the structure, dynamics and activities of microbial community. Heterotrophic bacteria as the major members play various roles. The heterotrophic bacterial community structure in threestaged biofilters was studied using four different media. 228 isolates belonging to 77species were obtained and affiliated toGammaproteobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,ActinobacteriaandBetaproteobacteria.Gammaproteobacteriawas the predominant group. The concurrence was found between potential pathogens (VibrioandShewanella) and probiotics (BacillusandPseudomonas). On the basis of community diversity index, we could infer that differences existed between stages, and the diversity index increased along the biofilters. A comprehensive understanding of microbial community in RAS will be in favor of utilization of microbial resources and optimizing the culture systems' operation.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN UJI KEMAMPUAN BAKTERIOFAG SEBAGAI AGENS PENGENDALI PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Fery Abdul Choliq ◽  
Mintarto Martosudiro ◽  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Muhammad Fanhash Nijami
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacteriophage Infection

Tomato is the top priority in the development of horticultural crops. The obstacle which mostly encountered is Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen attack. Bacteriophage can cause bacterial lysis after they they develop themselves inside the bacteria. The specific of the bacteriophage can provide result quickly, accurately, and efficiently so that it can be used as an alternative to control bacterial wilt disease R. solanacearum environmentally friendly. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of bacteriophage to control the bacterial wilt disease R. solanacearum. The testing method are plaque assay, bacteriophage infections test in various dilutions, bacteriophage infection test in a liquid medium, and transmission electron microscopy test. In the greenhouse scale testing using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance 5% error level and followed by least significant different  test level of 5%. The results showed that bacteriophages can infect R. solanacearum. Bacteriophage can infect bacteria R. solanacearum indicated by the appearance of plaques in NA media, the declining value of absorbance spectophotometer, and can lyse bacterial cells from dilutions 10-1 to 10-9. The morphology of bacteriophages that infect R. solanacearum have hexagonal head structure and it have which is with a size of 200 nm. In the greenhouse scale showed that the symptoms of R. solanacearum appear at 29 days after inoculation. Application of bacteriophages can control R. solanacearum with lower percentage than the control treatment.

scholarly journals Streptomyces sp.: Characterization, Identification and Its Potential as a Ralstonia solanacearum Biological Control Agent in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmad Saputra ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Wide Range

Streptomyces sp. bacteria have the potential to produce antibiotic compounds, which are one of the mechanisms that are widely used in biological control. However, in general, biological control mechanisms also occur through competition, cell wall degradation and induced resistance. This study was aimed to determine the physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of two isolates of Streptomyces sp. (S-4 and S16 isolates) isolated from the tomatoes roots, and to find out their ability to control Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease on a wide range of hosts. The results showed both Streptomyces sp. isolates had several different physiological and biochemical characteristics and had a different ability to inhibit R. solanacearum in vitro. Streptomyces sp. S-16 isolate had a high similarity with Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus strain NRRL B-1773T based on the molecular identification results. Further research needs to be done to see the potential inhibition of the two Streptomyces isolates in inhibiting the development of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants caused by R. solanacearum.

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