Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur ◽  
Rajvir Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Immunosuppressive Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes

Abstract Background: In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to fungal endophytes as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune by analyzing activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as morphology of haemocytes using Spodoptera litura as a model. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S.commune was fed to the larvae of S.litura using the artificial diet having 276.54µg/ml (LC 50 of fungus) concentration for different time durations. Exposed groups revealed, significant (p≤0.05) increase in the activities of various enzymes viz. Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase. Furthermore, haemocytes showed various deformities like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae in the treated larvae. A drastic reduction in the percentage of normal haemocytes was recorded in the treated groups with respect to control. Conclusion: The study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing and immunosuppressant potential of S.commune against S.litura and its considerable potential for incorporation in pest management programmes.

Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur ◽  
Rajvir Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes

Abstract Background: In a search for the mechanism of action of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune against Spodoptera litura, the effect of its ethyl acetate extract was judged on antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as on morphology of haemocytes. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S.commune was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 276.54µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect on antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase) was observed using haemolymph and midgut of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In additionally, haemocytes morphology was also studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after 96hr. In particular, to resist the toxicity, the activities of the antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase) significantly (p≤0.05) increased in both the tissues of treated larvae as compared to control. The exposed group revealed various deformities in haemocytes of S.litura like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae etc. Conclusion: This study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of S.commune against S.litura and elucidates the patterns of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes activities and changes in haemocytes in the susceptible larvae.

scholarly journals Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur ◽  
Rajvir Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Immunosuppressive Activity

scholarly journals Aspergillus flavus induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura as well as safety for mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Background In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action and safety. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insect Spodoptera litura by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control by comet assay using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney). Results Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84 μg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney). Conclusions Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat), mammals (rat), suggesting it an environment friendly pest management agent.

scholarly journals Aspergillus flavus induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura as well as safety for mammals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Background In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action and safety. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insect Spodoptera litura by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control by comet assay using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney). Results Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84 µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney). Conclusions Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat).

Aspergillus Flavus Induced Oxidative Stress and Immunosuppressive Activity in Spodoptera Litura As Well As Safety for Mammals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract In an attempt to find toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insects, Spodoptera litura was treated with A.flavus ethyl acetate extract and toxicity was assessed by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p≤0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney). Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat).

Effects of Methamidophos on Ascidian (Styela Clava) Detoxifying Enzymes

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
Ai Li Jiang ◽  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Chang Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Styela Clava ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Styela clava were exposed to sublethal concentrations of methamidophos (5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 μg/L) for 96 h, its biochemical stress response was studied taking into account carboxylesterase (CbE), catalase (CAT), SOD and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in tissues. In all exposed groups CbE was significantly inhibited. GSH level was reduced after exposure, and CAT activity decreased continuously. 24 h exposure to methamidophos did not affect GST activity. The results show that the early inhibitory effect in CAT activity and GSH content produced by methamidophos may be associated with a high degree of oxidative stress. CbE inhibition is a good biomaker for methamidophos exposure. This study revealed that S. clava developed adaptive response to neutralize the oxidative stress following pesticide exposure and that SOD and GPx can be used as biomarker in determining methamidophos toxicity due to its early response at even low concentration levels.

scholarly journals Aspergillus flavus induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura as well as safety for mammals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Chadha ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Background: In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action and safety. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insect Spodoptera litura by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control by comet assay using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney).Results: Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p≤0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney). Conclusions: Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat), mammals (rat), suggesting it an environment friendly pest management agent.

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Does Larval Rearing Diet Lead to Premating Isolation in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)?

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Xue-Yuan Di ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Cheng-Xu Wu ◽  
Xiao-Fei Yu ◽  
Jian-Feng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Premating Isolation ◽  
Behavioral Isolation ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Host plant preference during the larval stage may help shape not only phenotypic plasticity but also behavioral isolation. We assessed the effects of diet on population parameters and mate choice in Spodoptera litura. We raised larvae fed on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, or an artificial diet, and we observed the shortest developmental time and highest fecundity in individuals fed the artificial diet. However, survival rates were higher for larvae on either of the natural diets. Population parameters including intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were significantly higher with the artificial diet, but this diet led to a lower mean generation time. Copulation duration, copulation time, and number of eggs reared significantly differed between diets. In terms of mate choice, females on the artificial diet rarely mated with males fed on a natural host. Our results support the hypothesis that different diets may promote behavioral isolation, affecting mating outcomes. Thus, findings for populations fed an artificial diet may not reflect findings for populations in the field.

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