scholarly journals Determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in Southwestern parts of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia: A multi-center case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urge Gerema ◽  
Tilahun Alemayehu ◽  
Getachew Chane ◽  
Diliab Desta ◽  
Amenu Diriba
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmitted Infection ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal condition in which implantation of the blastocyst occurs outside the endometrium of the uterus. It is gynecological important, particularly in the developing world, because of the associated enormous rate of high morbidity, during the first trimester of pregnancy. A better understanding of its risk factors can help to prevent its prevalence. However, the determinants of ectopic pregnancy are not well understood and few researches conducted in our country were based on secondary data covering small scale area. Objective: This study aimed to identify determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital based case control study was employed from June 1 to September 30, 2019. The study was conducted in five referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state. 59 cases and 118 controls were sampled. Data were entered by using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the data. All explanatory variables with p -value of <0.25 in bi-variable analysis, then entered into multivariable logistic regression. Associated factors were identified at 95% confidence interval (p <0.05). Results : One hundred seventy-four pregnant women (58 cases and 116 controls) were participating in the study. Prior two or more induced abortions [AOR=3.95:95% CI: 1.22-13.05], previous history of caesarean section [AOR=3.4:95% CI: 1.11-10.94], marital status (being single) [AOR=4.04:95%CI: 1.23-13.21], reporting prior recurrent sexual transmitted infection [AOR=2.25:95%CI: 1.00-5.51], prior history of tubal surgery [AOR= 3.32:95%CI: 1.09-10.13] , were more likely to have an ectopic pregnancy with their respective AOR with 95%CI. Conclusion and Recommendation: It was found that having a history of more than two induced abortions during previous pregnancies, marital status (single) , recurrent Sexual transmitted infection, prior history of tubal surgery and experiencing prior caesarean section were found to be determinants of ectopic pregnancy. Hospitals should give emphasis on prevention and early detection of risks of ectopic pregnancy and create awareness in order to reduce the burden of ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in Southwestern parts of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia: A multi-center case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urge Gerema ◽  
Tilahun Alemayehu ◽  
Getachew Chane ◽  
Diliab Desta ◽  
Amenu Diriba
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmitted Infection ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal condition in which implantation of the blastocyst occurs outside the endometrium of the uterus. It is gynecological important, particularly in the developing world, because of associated with enormous rate of high morbidity, during the first trimester of pregnancy. A better understanding of its risk factors can help to prevent its prevalence. However, the determinants of ectopic pregnancy are not well understood and few researches conducted in our country were based on secondary data covering small scale area. This study aimed to identify determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: Hospital-based case control study was employed from June 1 to September 30, 2019. The study was conducted in five referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state. Final sample size includes 59 cases and 118 controls. Data were entered by using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the data. All explanatory variables with p-value of <0.25 in bi-variable analysis, then entered into multivariable logistic regression. Associated factors were identified at 95% confidence interval (p <0.05).Results: Out of 177 (59 cases and 118 controls) participants, 174 (58 cases and 116 controls) were participating in the study. Prior two or more induced abortions [AOR=3.95:95% CI: 1.22-13.05], previous history of caesarean section [AOR=3.4:95% CI: 1.11-10.94], marital status (being single) [AOR=4.04:95%CI: 1.23-13.21], reporting prior recurrent sexual transmitted infection [AOR=2.25:95%CI: 1.00-5.51], prior history of tubal surgery [AOR=3.32:95%CI: 1.09-10.13], were more likely to have an ectopic pregnancy with their respective AOR with 95%CI.Conclusions: It was found that having a history of more than two induced abortions during previous pregnancies, marital status (single), recurrent sexual transmitted infection, prior history of tubal surgery and experiencing prior caesarean section were found to be determinants of ectopic pregnancy. Hospitals should give emphasis on prevention and early detection of risks of ectopic pregnancy and create awareness in order to reduce the burden of ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in southwestern part of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia: a multi-center case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urge Gerema ◽  
Tilahun Alemayehu ◽  
Getachew Chane ◽  
Diliab Desta ◽  
Amenu Diriba
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmitted Infection ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal condition in which implantation of the blastocyst occurs outside the endometrium of the uterus. It is gynecological important, particularly in the developing world, because of associated with enormous rate of high morbidity, during the first trimester of pregnancy. A better understanding of its risk factors can help to prevent its prevalence. However, the determinants of ectopic pregnancy are not well understood and few researches conducted in our country were based on secondary data covering small scale area. This study aimed to identify determinants of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women attending referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based case control study was employed from June 1 to September 30, 2019. The study was conducted in five referral hospitals in Southwestern part of Oromia regional state. Final sample size includes 59 cases and 118 controls. Data were entered by using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the data. All explanatory variables with p-value of < 0.25 in bi-variable analysis, then entered into multivariable logistic regression. Associated factors were identified at 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Results Out of 177 (59 cases and 118 controls) participants, 174 (58 cases and 116 controls) were participating in the study. Prior two or more induced abortions [AOR = 3.95:95% CI: 1.22–13.05], previous history of caesarean section [AOR = 3.4:95% CI: 1.11–10.94], marital status (being single) [AOR = 4.04:95%CI: 1.23–13.21], reporting prior recurrent sexual transmitted infection [AOR = 2.25:95%CI: 1.00–5.51], prior history of tubal surgery [AOR = 3.32:95%CI: 1.09–10.13], were more likely to have an ectopic pregnancy with their respective AOR with 95%CI. Conclusion It was found that having a history of more than two induced abortions during previous pregnancies, marital status (single), recurrent sexual transmitted infection, prior history of tubal surgery and experiencing prior caesarean section were found to be determinants of ectopic pregnancy. Hospitals should give emphasis on prevention and early detection of risks of ectopic pregnancy and create awareness in order to reduce the burden of ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B and C Viruses’ Infection and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hospitals in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mulat Dagnew ◽  
Yihenew Million ◽  
Mucheye Gizachew ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Gashaw Yitayew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Regional State ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Hepatitis virus infection is a major public health burden and silent killer disease in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and associated factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in three tertiary hospitals in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1121 pregnant women. Data on sociodemographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) using ELISA. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between factors associated with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis virus C infection. Results. A total of 1121 pregnant women were included in the study. The mean age of study participants was 27.2 ± 4.8 yrs. The majority of pregnant women (895 (79.8%)) were from urban areas. The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody was 52 (4.6%) and 18 (1.6%), respectively. The coinfection rate of HBV/HCV was 1.4% (1/69). Ten (19.2%) of HBV positive cases were coinfected with HIV. There were no coinfections of HCV and HIV. Interestingly, pregnant women with a history of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.7–7.6), blood transfusion (AOR = 7.6, 95% CI, 2.9–16.9), family history of HBV (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI, 1.7–7.6), being HIV-positive (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI, 1–5.9), and tattooing (AOR = 2, 95% CI, 1–3.8) were significant predictors of HBV infection. Similarly, young age (17–25 yrs) (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.8–8.6) and no educational background (AOR = 5, 95 CI, 1.7–14.8) were significant predictors of HCV infection. Conclusions. Hepatitis B and C viruses’ infection was intermediate among pregnant women; some risk factors were significantly associated with the majority of cases. Infants born from these infected mothers are at risk of infection. This calls for screening and integration of HBV prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) into HIV. Thus, the provision of health education on hepatitis B and C viruses’ transmission, vaccination, and screening of all pregnant women routinely are essential for the prevention of these viruses.

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus Recto-Vaginal Colonization in Near-Term Pregnant Women, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woubishet Girma ◽  
Nadia Yimer ◽  
Tesfaye Kassa ◽  
Elias Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is recognized as an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal vaginal carriage of GBS (Streptococcus agalactiae) can lead to vertical transmission to the neonate at the time of delivery. However, little is known about its prevalence, predictors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Jimma, Ethiopia. This study assessed the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and determinants of GBS recto-vaginal colonization among near-term pregnant women.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2015 at Jimma University Medical Centre in Southwest Ethiopia. Data through questionnaire and GBS isolates from vaginal and rectal swabs were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of GBS colonization among near term pregnant women (35-37 weeks) was 16.3% (22/135). The majority of GBS isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin and Penicillin G with 95.5% and 90.1%, respectively. Erythromycin and clindamycin were resisted by 50% and 40.9% of the isolates, respectively, whereas gentamicin was resisted by all isolates. GBS colonization was significantly associated with a history of preterm delivery (PTD) (AOR: 6.3, 95% CI: 1.42, 28.3) and history of urinary tract infection (UTI) during current pregnancy (AOR: 6.4, 95% CI, 1.95, 21.1).CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that one among six near-term pregnant women had recto-vaginal GBS colonization. In places where universal screening is not feasible, selective screening for factors particularly history of PTD and UTI during current pregnancy may be a reasonable option. Antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed while using Erythromycin, Clindamycin or Gentamicin. 

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Geremew ◽  
Demeke Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Syphilis remained a major cause of reproductive morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes in developing countries. Previously, studies showed inconsistent results and failed to show the actual picture of the diseases in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was, first, to determine the updated pooled prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in Ethiopia and, second, to assess its associated factors. Methods A comprehensive search was made on PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, and African Journals Online databases to identify relevant articles. A random effects model was used to estimate pooled syphilis prevalence and odds ratio (OR) with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using STATA 14 statistical software. I2 statistics and Egger’s regression test in conjunction with funnel plot was used to determine heterogeneity and publication bias among included studies respectively. Result We identified 13 suitable studies in this analysis. Accordingly, the pooled prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 2.32% (95% CI, 1.68–2.97). Specifically, syphilis prevalence was 2.53% (95% CI, 1.92–3.14%) and 1.90% (95% CI, 0.40–3.40%) as per the treponemal and non-ytreponemal diagnostic test, respectively. On the other hand, regional analysis indicated that 4.06% (95% CI, 2.86–5.26) in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP), 2.16% (95% CI, 1.57–2.75) in Amhara and 1.46% (95% CI, 0.69–2.23) in Oromia region. Being married (OR, 0.37 (95% CI, 0.12–0.91%)) was less likely to develop syphilis. On the other hand, women with history of multiple sexual partner (OR, 2.98 (95% CI, 1.15–7.70)) and women with history of previous sexually transmitted infection (STI) (OR, 4.88 (95% CI, 1.35–17.62)) have higher risk to develop syphilis. Besides, the pooled syphilis-HIV coinfection was 0.80% (95% CI, 0.60–1.01%). Conclusion This study provides evidence of relatively high prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is recommended to further ramping up of current intervention measures to prevent future generations. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020211650

scholarly journals Ectopic Pregnancy Following Interval Tubal Sterilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Deepak Shrestha ◽  
Sebina Baniya ◽  
Sudeep Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Tubal Sterilization ◽  
Mobile Mass ◽  
History Of ◽  
Permanent Contraception ◽  
Urine Pregnancy Test

Introduction:  Tubal sterilization is a highly effective method of permanent contraception. However, pregnancy can still occur following a successful procedure. Published literatures report a failure rate of 0.13-1.3% and 15-33% of such pregnancies are likely to be ectopic. Case report: A 33 years para three lady with prior history of tubal ligation presented with generalized abdominal pain and several episodes of vomiting. Bimanual examination revealed a soft and mobile mass of 2 x 3 cm in right adnexa. Urine pregnancy test was positive and ultrasonogram showed a heterogeneous mass of 3.4 x 3.3 cm in right adnexa with empty uterine cavity. Culdocentesis resulted in aspiration of frank non-clotting blood. She then underwent emergency laparotomy with bilateral salpingectomy for ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy after tubal sterilization though rare is not entirely impossible. All women who are offered this procedure should always be educated about its failure rate. And in women presenting with acute abdomen, a prior history of tubal sterilization doesn't preclude the possibility of ectopic pregnancy.

Detection Of Antichlamydial Antibody in Patients With Ectopic Pregnancy and Normal Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Srwa Jamal Murad
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim of the current research is to assess the Chlamydia Trachomatis infection role in the development of early pregnancy complication including ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage in Sulaimanyia Maternity Teaching Hospital. It is a comparative study conducted in Gynecology Clinic and Emergency department of Sulaimanyia Maternity Teaching Hospital during the period from 1st of September 2018 to 31st of March 2019. The study groups included of 70 pregnant women; the first group included 35 ectopic pregnant women and the second group included 35 normal pregnant women that both groups had been selected randomly. Pregnant women with history of ectopic pregnancies, women used intrauterine device, in vitro fertilization, assisted reproduction and history of pelvic surgery. Blood sample (2 ml venous blood) collected to test for antibodies level for Chlamydia Trachomatis by Alegria test system for both studied groups and patients with ectopic pregnancy detected by beta human chorionic gonadotropin and ultrasound scanning. The collected data analyzed by SPSS program and for compare between means of two variables independent sample t-test was used while for comparison of categorical variables Chi square test was used with considering ≤ 0.05 P-value as significant level. The results shows that the mean age of normal pregnancy were (28.3±4.6) group compared with mean age ectopic pregnancy (29.5±4.9) group. The mean IgG (6.3±5.1) of patients with ectopic pregnancy was found to be significantly higher than mean IgG (2.8±1.1) for normal pregnant patients (P-value 0.01) and IgM mean (4.5±2.4) of patients with ectopic pregnancy was significantly higher than mean IgM (1.6±1.2) for normal pregnant patients with P-value 0.01. In conclusion, infection of Chlamydia Trachomatis has a significant relationship with the development of ectopic pregnancy therefor screening and treatment of Chlamydia infection may reduce ectopic pregnancy rate with low cost

scholarly journals Laparoscopic Management of an Abdominal Pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aarthi Srinivasan ◽  
Suzanne Millican
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Intrauterine Pregnancy ◽  
Beta Hcg ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Background. Ectopic pregnancy is one of the leading causes of significant maternal morbidity and mortality. Abdominal surgeries increase the risk of postoperative adhesions. We here present a case of omental ectopic pregnancy in a patient with a prior history of cesarean section.Case. A 20-year-old female presented with a two-day history of crampy lower abdominal pain. Patient was hemodynamically stable with a beta HCG of 1057 mI/mL. Transvaginal ultrasound did not show an intrauterine pregnancy but revealed an ill-defined mass in the midline pelvis extending to the right of the midline. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed large clots in the pelvis with normal uterus and adnexa. Intra-abdominal survey revealed an omental adhesion close to the right adnexa with a hematoma. Partial omentectomy was completed and the portion of the omentum with the hematoma was sent to pathology for confirmation. Final pathology confirmed the presence of chorionic villi consistent with products of conception.Conclusion. Omental ectopic pregnancy is a rare diagnosis and often missed. We recommend careful intra-abdominal survey for an ectopic pregnancy in the presence of hemoperitoneum with normal uterus and adnexa. This can be safely achieved using laparoscopy in early gestational ages when the patient is hemodynamically stable.

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