scholarly journals Low serum triglyceride response to a high-fat meal is associated with elevated postprandial IL-17 and discriminative gut bacterial features.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Wilson ◽  
Adam P. Maes ◽  
Jesse T. Peach ◽  
Brian Bothner ◽  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background Postprandial lipemia stimulates proinflammatory mediators and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Chronic disease and diet are known to influence the gut microbial community in ways that alter the availability of bioactive compounds capable of influencing the host. The purpose of this study was to identify gut microbiome taxa and inflammatory cytokines differentiating individuals with lower and higher postprandial triglyceridemia. Methods A high-fat meal (43.1% fat) was given to 40 healthy, overweight and obese adults to assess the serum triglyceride response in the immediate four-hour postprandial period. Participants were categorized into two groups (high and low) based on serum triglyceride responses. We measured blood lipids, inflammatory cytokines, fat mass, visceral adiposity and used 16S rRNA target amplicon sequencing to identify microbial taxa in human fecal samples distinguishing the two groups. The gut microbiome was assessed using unconstrained ordination, followed by a high-dimensional class comparison to determine discriminative microbial features of the postprandial triglyceride response (ppTG). ResultsHigh ppTG responders had higher body mass index, visceral adiposity, and fasting serum cholesterol levels than low responders and had a decreased postprandial IL-17 response to the high-fat meal. The overall gut microbiome did not cluster by ppTG response but were found to have four discriminative bacterial features between high and low ppTG. Lower relative abundance of Clostridium Cluster XIVa and higher relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae, Alistipes , and Prevotella was observed in low ppTG relative to high ppTG. Conclusions Our findings suggest that specific gut microbial taxa involved in short-chain fatty acid production can discriminate the postprandial triglyceride response in overweight and obese adults. These findings may have implications in how we develop microbial therapies and choose to monitor and treat individuals with hypertriglyceridemia or who may have an increased risk of chronic disease.

scholarly journals Determinants of the postprandial triglyceride response to a high-fat meal in healthy overweight and obese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Wilson ◽  
Adam P. Maes ◽  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
Seth T. Walk ◽  
Mary P. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults. Methods Overweight and obese adults (n = 35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 g fat. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response. Results TG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57 % of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β = 0.53, p = 0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.31, p = 0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β = 0.30, p = 0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β = 0.05, p = 0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.23, p = 0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β = 0.53, p = 0.01). Conclusions Postprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04128839, Registered 16 October 2019 – Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Postprandial Triglyceride Response to a High-fat Meal in Healthy Overweight and Obese Adults.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Wilson ◽  
Adam P. Maes ◽  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
Seth T. Walk ◽  
Mary P. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background: Dyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults. Methods: Overweight and obese adults (n=35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 grams fat. Incremental area under the curve and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response.Results: TG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57% of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β=0.53, p=0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β=0.31, p=0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β=0.30, p=0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β=0.05, p=0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β=0.43, p<0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β=0.23, p=0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β=0.53, p=0.01). Conclusions: Postprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04128839, Registered 16 October 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04128839

scholarly journals Casein Compared with Whey Proteins Affects the Organization of Dietary Fat during Digestion and Attenuates the Postprandial Triglyceride Response to a Mixed High-Fat Meal in Healthy, Overweight Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Mariotti ◽  
Marion Valette ◽  
Christelle Lopez ◽  
Hélène Fouillet ◽  
Marie-Hélène Famelart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Postprandial Vascular Responses to a High Fat Meal in Centrally Obese Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Sameer Chaudhari ◽  
Devon A. Dobrosielski ◽  
Kerry J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Fat Meal

Increase In Beta-hydroxybutyrate After High-fat Meal In Metabolically Healthy Overweight/obese Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
Ryan Davies ◽  
Stephanie Wilson ◽  
Sarah Bronsky ◽  
Seth Walk ◽  
Carl Yeoman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Fat Meal

scholarly journals High fat meals increases postprandial fat oxidation rate but not postprandial lipemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hui Chiu ◽  
Tsung-Jen Yang ◽  
Che-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Ming-Jing Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background This study investigated the effects of ingesting meals with the same calorie intake but distinct nutritional contents after exercise on postprandial lipemia the next day. Methods Eight healthy male participants completed two 2-day trials in a random order. On day 1, the participants underwent five 12 min bouts of cycling exercise with a bout of higher intensity exercise (4 min) after each and then a bout of lower intensity cycling (2 min). The total exercise time was 90 min. After the exercise, the participants ingested three high-fat or low-fat meals. On Day 2, the participants were asked to rest in the laboratory and ingest a high-fat meal. Their postprandial reaction after a high-fat meal was observed. Results Postprandial triglyceride concentrations in the high-fat diet trial and low-fat diet trial exhibited nonsignificant differences. Total TG AUC were no significantly different on HF trial and LF trial (HF: 6.63 ± 3.2; LF: 7.20 ± 3.4 mmol/L*4 h. p = 0.586). However, the postprandial fat oxidation rate total AUC (HF: 0.58 ± 0.1; LF: 0.39 ± 0.2 g/min*4 h. p = 0.045), plasma glucose, and insulin concentration of the high-fat trial were significantly higher than those of the low-fat trial. Conclusions This study revealed that meals with distinct nutritional contents after a 90-min exercise increased the postprandial fat oxidation rate but did not influence the postprandial lipemia after a high-fat meal the next day.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Geranylgeraniol and Tocotrienols to High-Fat Diet Shifts the Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Moamen Elmassry ◽  
Eunhee Chung ◽  
Abdul Hamood ◽  
Chwan-Li Shen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objectives In recent years, characterization of gut microbiota composition and function were linked to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent evidence showed that Geranylgeraniol, an isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, improves glucose homeostasis. Similarly, Tocotrienols, a subfamily of vitamin E, also contains anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we examined the combined effect of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols on the composition and function of gut microbiome in obese male mice. Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 4 groups in a factorial design as follows: high-fat diet (HFD) (control group), HFD + geranylgeraniol [400 mg/kg diet] (GG group), HFD + tocotrienols [400 mg/kg diet] (TT group), and HFD + geranylgeraniol + tocotrienols (G + T group) for 14 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done from cecal samples and microbiome and data analysis was performed with QIIME2 and PICRUSt2. Results Across all groups, the most abundant phyla were Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. There was no difference in alpha diversity among different groups. Different treatments influenced the relative abundance of certain bacteria. In the Bacteroidetes phylum, the relative abundance of family S24–7 increased in the TT group only. In the Firmicutes phylum, the relative abundance of family Lachnospiraceae was reduced upon the supplementation of geranylgeraniol or tocotrienols; individually or in combination. In Verrucomicrobia phylum, Akkermansia muciniphila relative abundance was reduced in the TT group but increased in the G + T group. The results of functional profiling of the gut microbiome revealed that geranylgeraniol supplementation caused an increase in the proportion of biosynthetic pathways related to purine, pyrimidine, and inosine-5’-phosphate and hexitol fermentation, and a decrease in the proportion of pathways involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, valine, histidine, arginine, and chorismate. The G + T group increased pathways related to thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis, and decreased others involved into sulfur oxidation and methylerythritol phosphate. Conclusions The influence of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols supplementation on gut microbiome composition and function, suggests a prebiotic potential for the potential of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols. Funding Sources American River Nutrition, LLC, Hadley, MA.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Standardized High-Fat Meal versus a High-Fat Meal Scaled to Body Mass for Measuring Postprandial Triglycerides: A Randomized Crossover Study

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Bryant H. Keirns ◽  
Christina M. Sciarrillo ◽  
Samantha M. Hart ◽  
Sam R. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Postprandial Triglycerides ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Post-meal triglycerides are an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but the ideal high-fat meal formulation has yet to be standardized and is one challenge prohibiting widespread clinical adoption of postprandial triglyceride assessment. Two general approaches often used are giving individuals a high-fat meal scaled to body weight or a standardized high-fat meal containing a set fat bolus. A recent expert panel statement has endorsed the latter, specifying 75 g of fat as an appropriate fat dosage. Despite this recommendation, no study to date has tested whether there is a difference in postprandial triglycerides or if risk classification is affected based on these different approaches. We recruited 16 generally healthy individuals with roughly equal distribution among body mass index (BMI)class (n = 5–6/per BMI category) and sex (n = 2–3 M/F) within each BMI class. Each participant underwent two abbreviated fat tolerance tests separated by ~1 week: one with a scaled to body weight high-fat meal (9 kcal/kg; 70% fat) and a standardized meal containing 75 g of fat (70% fat). Fasting, 4 h, and absolute change in triglycerides across the entire sample and within each BMI category were similar regardless of high-fat meal. Only one participant with obesity had discordant postprandial responses between the fat tolerance tests (i.e., different CVD risk classification). These findings suggest that, within a certain range of fat intake, generally healthy individuals will have a similar postprandial triglyceride response. Considering the greater convenience of utilizing standardized high-fat meals, our data suggest that a standardized high-fat meal may be acceptable for large-scale studies and clinical implementation.

scholarly journals Effect of Green Tea Ingestion on Postprandial Triglyceride Levels in Young Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Trismiyanti Trismiyanti ◽  
Ida Gunawan ◽  
Tri Juli Edi Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Introduction: High blood triglyceride (TG) level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Green tea, as a beverage, may reduce postprandial blood TG level through inhibition of fat absorption in the intestinal lumen. The aim of this study was to assess the difference of postprandial blood TG level changes between treatment group (high-fat meal and green tea beverage containing 738 mg of catechins) and control group (high-fat meal and plain water containing 0 mg of catechins).Methods: The study was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group clinical trial including 40 healthy young women. Blood was collected immediately before the meal and then at 2 and 4 h thereafter of each group. Method of TG measurement: GPO-PAP, using Beckman CX 5-CE machine and Good’s buffer reagent.Results: Postprandial blood TG level at 4 h in the treatment group was significantly lower compared to the control group (1.00 ± 0.27 vs. 1.22 ± 0.34 mmol/L, p = 0.03). The change in blood TG level from baseline to 4 h postprandial was also significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (0.21 ± 0.14 vs. 0.37 ± 0.26 mmol/L, p = 0.02).Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea ingestion during high fat meal suppressed postprandial elevation of TG 4 hour after meal.

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