scholarly journals Comparison of a Standardized High-Fat Meal versus a High-Fat Meal Scaled to Body Mass for Measuring Postprandial Triglycerides: A Randomized Crossover Study

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Bryant H. Keirns ◽  
Christina M. Sciarrillo ◽  
Samantha M. Hart ◽  
Sam R. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Postprandial Triglycerides ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Post-meal triglycerides are an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but the ideal high-fat meal formulation has yet to be standardized and is one challenge prohibiting widespread clinical adoption of postprandial triglyceride assessment. Two general approaches often used are giving individuals a high-fat meal scaled to body weight or a standardized high-fat meal containing a set fat bolus. A recent expert panel statement has endorsed the latter, specifying 75 g of fat as an appropriate fat dosage. Despite this recommendation, no study to date has tested whether there is a difference in postprandial triglycerides or if risk classification is affected based on these different approaches. We recruited 16 generally healthy individuals with roughly equal distribution among body mass index (BMI)class (n = 5–6/per BMI category) and sex (n = 2–3 M/F) within each BMI class. Each participant underwent two abbreviated fat tolerance tests separated by ~1 week: one with a scaled to body weight high-fat meal (9 kcal/kg; 70% fat) and a standardized meal containing 75 g of fat (70% fat). Fasting, 4 h, and absolute change in triglycerides across the entire sample and within each BMI category were similar regardless of high-fat meal. Only one participant with obesity had discordant postprandial responses between the fat tolerance tests (i.e., different CVD risk classification). These findings suggest that, within a certain range of fat intake, generally healthy individuals will have a similar postprandial triglyceride response. Considering the greater convenience of utilizing standardized high-fat meals, our data suggest that a standardized high-fat meal may be acceptable for large-scale studies and clinical implementation.

scholarly journals Casein Compared with Whey Proteins Affects the Organization of Dietary Fat during Digestion and Attenuates the Postprandial Triglyceride Response to a Mixed High-Fat Meal in Healthy, Overweight Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Mariotti ◽  
Marion Valette ◽  
Christelle Lopez ◽  
Hélène Fouillet ◽  
Marie-Hélène Famelart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Bisphenol A Promotes Adiposity and Inflammation in a Nonmonotonic Dose-response Way in 5-week-old Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice Fed a Low-calorie Diet

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 2333-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minglan Yang ◽  
Maopei Chen ◽  
Jiqiu Wang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Jichao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female

A growing body of epidemiological research show that Bisphenol A (BPA) is positively correlated with obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms of BPA on adiposity remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that 5-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice exposed to four dosages of BPA (5, 50, 500, and 5000 μg/kg/d) by oral intake for 30 days showed significantly increased body weight and fat mass in a nonmonotonic dose-dependent manner when fed a chow diet. The effect occurred even at the lowest concentration (5μg/kg/d), lower than the tolerable daily intake of 50 μg/kg/day for BPA. However, no significant difference in body weight and fat mass was observed in either male or female mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting that BPA may interact with diet in promoting obesity risk. In vitro study showed that BPA treatment drives the differentiation of white adipocyte progenitors from the stromal vascular fraction, partially through glucocorticoid receptor. BPA exposure increased circulating inflammatory factors and the local inflammation in white adipose tissues in both genders fed a chow diet, but not under high-fat diet. We further found that BPA concentration was associated with increased circulating inflammatory factors, including leptin and TNFα, in lean female subjects (body mass index < 23.0 kg/m2) but not in lean male subjects or in both sexes of overweight/obese subjects (body mass index > 25.0 kg/m2). In conclusion, we demonstrated the nonmonotonic dose effects of BPA on adiposity and chronic inflammation in 5-week-old mice, which is related to caloric uptake.

scholarly journals Determinants of the postprandial triglyceride response to a high-fat meal in healthy overweight and obese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Wilson ◽  
Adam P. Maes ◽  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
Seth T. Walk ◽  
Mary P. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults. Methods Overweight and obese adults (n = 35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 g fat. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response. Results TG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57 % of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β = 0.53, p = 0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.31, p = 0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β = 0.30, p = 0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β = 0.05, p = 0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.23, p = 0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β = 0.53, p = 0.01). Conclusions Postprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04128839, Registered 16 October 2019 – Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals High fat meals increases postprandial fat oxidation rate but not postprandial lipemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hui Chiu ◽  
Tsung-Jen Yang ◽  
Che-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Ming-Jing Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background This study investigated the effects of ingesting meals with the same calorie intake but distinct nutritional contents after exercise on postprandial lipemia the next day. Methods Eight healthy male participants completed two 2-day trials in a random order. On day 1, the participants underwent five 12 min bouts of cycling exercise with a bout of higher intensity exercise (4 min) after each and then a bout of lower intensity cycling (2 min). The total exercise time was 90 min. After the exercise, the participants ingested three high-fat or low-fat meals. On Day 2, the participants were asked to rest in the laboratory and ingest a high-fat meal. Their postprandial reaction after a high-fat meal was observed. Results Postprandial triglyceride concentrations in the high-fat diet trial and low-fat diet trial exhibited nonsignificant differences. Total TG AUC were no significantly different on HF trial and LF trial (HF: 6.63 ± 3.2; LF: 7.20 ± 3.4 mmol/L*4 h. p = 0.586). However, the postprandial fat oxidation rate total AUC (HF: 0.58 ± 0.1; LF: 0.39 ± 0.2 g/min*4 h. p = 0.045), plasma glucose, and insulin concentration of the high-fat trial were significantly higher than those of the low-fat trial. Conclusions This study revealed that meals with distinct nutritional contents after a 90-min exercise increased the postprandial fat oxidation rate but did not influence the postprandial lipemia after a high-fat meal the next day.

scholarly journals The acute effect of tea consumption with a high fat meal on flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in healthy individuals

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Mary C. Corretti ◽  
Yeymi W. DeLeon ◽  
Charles Mangano ◽  
Robert A. Vogel ◽  
Gary D. Plotnick
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Meal

scholarly journals Low serum triglyceride response to a high-fat meal is associated with elevated postprandial IL-17 and discriminative gut bacterial features.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Wilson ◽  
Adam P. Maes ◽  
Jesse T. Peach ◽  
Brian Bothner ◽  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background Postprandial lipemia stimulates proinflammatory mediators and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Chronic disease and diet are known to influence the gut microbial community in ways that alter the availability of bioactive compounds capable of influencing the host. The purpose of this study was to identify gut microbiome taxa and inflammatory cytokines differentiating individuals with lower and higher postprandial triglyceridemia. Methods A high-fat meal (43.1% fat) was given to 40 healthy, overweight and obese adults to assess the serum triglyceride response in the immediate four-hour postprandial period. Participants were categorized into two groups (high and low) based on serum triglyceride responses. We measured blood lipids, inflammatory cytokines, fat mass, visceral adiposity and used 16S rRNA target amplicon sequencing to identify microbial taxa in human fecal samples distinguishing the two groups. The gut microbiome was assessed using unconstrained ordination, followed by a high-dimensional class comparison to determine discriminative microbial features of the postprandial triglyceride response (ppTG). ResultsHigh ppTG responders had higher body mass index, visceral adiposity, and fasting serum cholesterol levels than low responders and had a decreased postprandial IL-17 response to the high-fat meal. The overall gut microbiome did not cluster by ppTG response but were found to have four discriminative bacterial features between high and low ppTG. Lower relative abundance of Clostridium Cluster XIVa and higher relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae, Alistipes , and Prevotella was observed in low ppTG relative to high ppTG. Conclusions Our findings suggest that specific gut microbial taxa involved in short-chain fatty acid production can discriminate the postprandial triglyceride response in overweight and obese adults. These findings may have implications in how we develop microbial therapies and choose to monitor and treat individuals with hypertriglyceridemia or who may have an increased risk of chronic disease.

scholarly journals Correlation between body weight and postural control in healthy individuals using sway meter

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Tharani G ◽  
Vedha Varshini M G ◽  
Senthil Nathan C V ◽  
Mohan Kumar G ◽  
Kamatchi K
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Anterior Posterior

BACKGROUND: Postural control is critical for ensuring a safety activity of daily living. Individuals with poor stability are more prone to fall while doing activities of daily living. A certain level of sway is essentially present due to small perturbation within the body during shifting body weight from one to other foot, breathing, etc. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between body mass and postural control in normal, lean and obese individual. AIMS: to analyze the correlation between body mass and postural control in healthy individuals using sway meter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational study done with 75 participants. Both male and female healthy individuals between 18-23 years were included in this study. Individuals with any musculoskeletal injuries, neurological conditions, peripheral artery disease and pregnant women were excluded from the study. BMI of each participant was calculated and assigned into three groups. Group A-lean, group B-normal and group C-obese. Postural control was analyzed for each group by using sway meter; level of postural sway was compared between groups A, B C. RESULTS: On comparing mean values of groups A, B and C there was a positive association and strong correlation between body mass index and postural control with eye open and eye closed in anterior, posterior and postural sway towards left between the groups at (P 0.05). However, there was a negative association and weak correlation between BMI and postural control with eye open eye closed in postural sway towards right between the groups at (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that there is strong correlation between BMI and postural control. Subjects in eyes closed and eyes opened conditions showed sway in anterior, posterior and left directions but there was less sway towards right side direction.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Postprandial Triglyceride Response to a High-fat Meal in Healthy Overweight and Obese Adults.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Wilson ◽  
Adam P. Maes ◽  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
Seth T. Walk ◽  
Mary P. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background: Dyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults. Methods: Overweight and obese adults (n=35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 grams fat. Incremental area under the curve and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response.Results: TG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57% of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β=0.53, p=0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β=0.31, p=0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β=0.30, p=0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β=0.05, p=0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β=0.43, p<0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β=0.23, p=0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β=0.53, p=0.01). Conclusions: Postprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04128839, Registered 16 October 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04128839

scholarly journals Moderate Postmeal Walking Has No Beneficial Effects Over Resting on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemia, Insulinemia, and Selected Oxidative and Inflammatory Parameters in Older Adults with a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Phenotype: A Randomized Crossover Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (11) ◽  
pp. 1930-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Diekmann ◽  
Hanna Huber ◽  
Manuela Preuß ◽  
Peter Preuß ◽  
Hans-Georg Predel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Meal

ABSTRACT Background Research suggests that postprandial events, as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), are influenced by meal composition and exercise. Objectives We investigated the effect of walking versus rest on postprandial metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative events following the consumption of test meals reflecting 2 different dietary patterns in older adults with an increased CVD risk. Methods A randomized crossover trial was conducted in 26 men and women (aged 70 ± 5 y; BMI 30.3 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Each adult participated in 4 treatments combining 1 of 2 iso-energetic (4300 kJ) meals [Western diet high-fat meal (WD): total fat, 59.4 g; saturated fatty acids, 32.0 g, dietary fiber, 4.2 g; or Mediterranean-type diet meal (MD): total fat, 40.1 g; saturated fatty acids, 5.1 g; dietary fiber, 14.5 g] with 30 min walking (4.6 ± 0.1 km/h) or rest. Primary (serum triglycerides) and secondary [serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs); parameters of glucose metabolism, inflammation, endothelial activation, oxidation; blood pressure/heart rate] outcomes were measured at fasting and 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. Results Triglycerides were higher after the WD than after the MD [AUC in mmol/L × min: Western diet high-fat meal plus postprandial walking (WD-W), 218 ± 15.2; Western diet high-fat meal plus postprandial resting (WD-R), 207 ± 12.6; Mediterranean-type diet meal plus postprandial walking (MD-W), 139 ± 9.83; Mediterranean-type diet meal plus postprandial resting (MD-R), 149 ± 8.15; P  < 0.001]. No meal or activity effect was observed for NEFAs based on AUC data (WD-W, −43.5 ± 7.08; WD-R, −49.2 ± 6.94; MD-W, −48.0 ± 11.6; MD-R, −67.6 ± 7.58). Plasma glucose was higher after the MD than after the WD (WD-W, 222 ± 34.9; WD-R, 177 ± 32.8; MD-W, 314 ± 44.4; MD-R, 275 ± 57.8; P  < 0.001), as was serum insulin (AUC in nmol/L × min: WD-W, 82.0 ± 10.3; WD-R, 88.6 ± 12.8; MD-W, 129 ± 14.7; MD-R, 138 ± 20.5; P < 0.001). Plasma IL-6 was higher after walking than after resting (AUC in pg/mL × min: WD-W, 72.0 ± 34.0; WD-R, 14.3 ± 38.8; MD-W, 70.8 ± 39.4; MD-R, 5.60 ± 26.0; P < 0.05). Plasma vitamin C was higher after the MD than after the WD (P < 0.001) and after walking than after resting (P < 0.05; AUC in mg/L × min: WD-W, −305 ± 59.6; WD-R, −396 ± 84.0; MD-W, 113 ± 56.4; MD-R, −44.5 ± 48.1). We observed no meal or activity effects on parameters of oxidation and endothelial adhesion molecules. Our data revealed no significant meal × activity effects on all outcomes. Conclusions In older adults with an increased CVD risk, the MD was associated with superior effects on several postprandial parameters (e.g., triglycerides), in comparison to the WD. Data revealed no relevant differences regarding the effects of postmeal walking and resting. None of the 4 treatments can be rated as superior regarding their acute effects on the shown postprandial metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. The trial was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; http://www.germanctr.de and http://www.drks.de) under identifier DRKS00012409.

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