scholarly journals Influence of high-heeled shoe parameters on biomechanical performance of young female adults during stair ascent motion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiangyinzi shang ◽  
Shuiqiang Zhang ◽  
alan yan ◽  
xin ma
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Stair Ascent

Abstract Background: No prior work has compared the biomechanical workload of stair ascent (SA) using shoes of different heel heights and heel types. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of high-heeled shoe (HHS) parameters on pelvis position, lower extremities kinematics, ground reaction force, and intern stress in young women during SA motion.Methods: The participants were instructed to ascend a 3-step staircase, wearing HHSs of different heel heights and heel types, and the control group used a pair of flat shoes. By using finite element methodology, we investigated the influence of shoe parameters on metatarsal stress and metatarsal head loading during SA.Results: As the heel height increased, increased ranges of ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and pelvic rotation were observed. A thinner heel type displayed a larger pelvic forward tilt movement and 1st peak vertical force, as well as a smaller 2nd peak vertical force. With higher heels, increased external rotation of the knee, inversion and plantar flexion, and flexion values of the knee were observed. Meanwhile, there was decreased external rotation of the pelvis, ankle eversion, varus, and dorsiflexion. Three major stance phases namely heel strike, midstance, and push off were simulated to investigate the biomechanical response of high-heeled walking. It was found that the contact pressure at plantar pressure and 1st metatarsal pressure intensified with flat shoes and reached their maximum at push off phase during locomotion.Conclusion: To stabilize body posture during SA when wearing HHSs with a small heel base area, compensatory changes to drive an effective motor response include increasing pelvic range of motion in the transverse plane and sagittal plane, changing the joint angles of the lower extremities, and increasing metatarsal intern stress, may lead to clinical symptoms.

KINEMATIC AND KINETIC ADAPTATIONS IN THE LOWER EXTREMITIES OF EXPERIENCED WEARERS DURING HIGH-HEELED GAIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Lien Chien ◽  
Tung-Wu Lu ◽  
Ming-Wei Liu ◽  
Shih-Wun Hong ◽  
Chien-Chung Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Ankle Stability ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
The Stability

High-heeled shoes are associated with falling, leading to injuries such as fracture and ankle sprain. The study aimed to investigate the kinematic and kinetic adaptations in the lower extremities resulting from habitual use of high-heeled shoes. A total of 15 female experienced wearers and 15 matched controls walked with high-heeled shoes (7.3 cm) while kinematic and ground reaction force data were measured and used to calculate the joint angles and moments, as well as the temporal-distance parameters. Compared with inexperienced wearers, experienced wearers appeared to adopt a specific control strategy to improve the stability of the support ankle and knee while preventing excessive loading at the knee and hip. Increased hip abduction during early stance phase and increased pelvis rotation toward the ipsilateral side at contralateral heel-strike appeared to contribute toward the reduced step width for a better adjustment of the medio-lateral motion of the body's center of mass in order to maintain stability. At the hip, increased abductor moments may help to increase the pelvis stability and prevent excessive loading at the knee, and reduced internal rotator moments may reduce the torsional loading at the hip. At the knee, reduced ranges of flexion-extension and adduction-abduction motions may increase its stability. At the ankle, increased external rotation angles, together with increased pronator and external rotator moments through increased ground reaction force, may enhance the ankle stability. The current results identified the changes in the kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities in females after long-term use of high-heeled shoes, providing a basis for future development of training programs and design of new high-heeled shoes to help those who have higher risks of falling and injuries during high-heeled gait.

scholarly journals Altered Walking Neuromechanics in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jun Son ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Matthew K. Seeley ◽  
J. Ty Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
Knee Abduction

Context The literature on gait kinematics and muscle activation in chronic ankle instability (CAI) is limited. A comprehensive evaluation of all relevant gait measures is needed to examine alterations in gait neuromechanics that may contribute to recurrent sprain. Objective To compare walking neuromechanics, including kinematics, muscle activity, and kinetics (ie, ground reaction force [GRF], moment, and power), between participants with and those without CAI by applying a novel statistical analysis to data from a large sample. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 100 participants with CAI (49 men, 51 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.3 years, height = 174.0 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 14.4 kg) and 100 individuals without CAI serving as controls (55 men, 45 women; age = 22.5 ± 3.3 years, height = 173.1 ± 13.3 cm, mass = 72.6 ± 18.7 kg). Intervention(s) Participants performed 5 trials of walking (shod) at a self-selected speed over 2 in-ground force plates. Main Outcome Measure(s) Three-dimensional GRFs, lower extremity joint angles, internal joint moments, joint powers, and activation amplitudes of 6 muscles were recorded during stance. Results Compared with the control group, the CAI group demonstrated (1) increased plantar flexion or decreased dorsiflexion, increased inversion or decreased eversion, decreased knee flexion, decreased knee abduction, and increased hip-flexion angles; (2) increased or decreased inversion, increased plantar flexion, decreased knee extension, decreased knee abduction, and increased hip-extension moments; (3) increased vertical, braking, and propulsive GRFs; (4) increased hip eccentric and concentric power; and (5) altered muscle activation in all 6 lower extremity muscles. Conclusions The CAI group demonstrated a hip-dominant strategy by limiting propulsive forces at the ankle while increasing force generation at the hip. The different walking neuromechanics exhibited by the CAI group could represent maladaptive strategies that developed after the initial sprain or an injurious gait pattern that may have predisposed the participants to their initial injuries. Increased joint loading and altered kinematics at the foot and ankle complex during initial stance could affect the long-term health of the ankle articular cartilage.

The effect of custom carbon ankle-foot orthosis alignment on roll-over shape and center of pressure velocity

2020 ◽  
pp. 030936462097140
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Russell Esposito ◽  
Mitchell D Ruble ◽  
Andrea J Ikeda ◽  
Jason M Wilken
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Foot Orthosis ◽  
Center Of Pressure Velocity

Background: Maintaining an optimal rolling of the foot over the ground is thought to increase the stability and efficiency of pathologic gait. Ankle-foot orthoses are often prescribed to improve gait mechanics in individuals with lower extremity injuries; however, their design may compromise how the foot rolls over the ground. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the sagittal plane ankle-foot orthosis alignment on roll-over shape and center of pressure velocity in individuals with lower limb reconstructions. Study design: Randomized cross-over study with a control group comparison. Methods: In total, 12 individuals with lower limb reconstruction who used a custom carbon ankle-foot orthosis and 12 uninjured controls underwent gait analysis. Ankle-foot orthosis users were tested in their clinically-provided ankle-foot orthosis alignment, with an alignment that was 3° more plantarflexed, and with an alignment that was 3° more dorsiflexed. Components of roll-over shape and center of pressure velocity were calculated from heel strike on the ankle-foot orthosis limb to contralateral heel strike. Results: Roll-over shape radius was not affected by 3° changes to alignment and was not significantly different from controls. Aligning the ankle-foot orthosis in more dorsiflexion than clinically provided resulted in a smaller peak center of pressure velocity that occurred later in stance. Conclusion: Individuals using custom carbon ankle-foot orthoses can accommodate 3° alterations in the dorsiflexion or plantarflexion alignment.

scholarly journals Acute effect of posterior deltoid static stretching on Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in elite swimmers after competition. A randomized trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0004
Author(s):  
M Solana-Tramunt ◽  
R Lopez-Vidriero ◽  
E Lopez-Vidriero
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether a static stretch of posterior deltoid could reduce the glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and the total arc of movement deficit (TAMD) in professional swimmers after competition. Methods: Participants: A total of 74 professional swimmers aged from 16-33 years volunteered to participated in the study. Their competition experience were more than 2 years at national level. All the subjects were informed in written and verbal form and signed their informed consent before being assessed. Design and procedures: A randomized repeated measures design was used to assess the glenohumeral rotation in 3 moments: prior to the race, just after finishing their trial and after performing a static passive stretch of posterior deltoid muscles of 90-sec. In randomized order the computer selected 20 subjects as a control group (CG) who didn’t perform the stretching. The experimental group (EG) included 54 swimmers. The glenohumeral internal and external rotation (IR and ER) were recorded by a video camera (IPhone 6 S, version 10.1), in sagittal plane, with the center of the screen at shoulder high. Subjects were laying on supine position over a massage table, with the glenohumeral joint at 90° of abduction, the elbow at 90° of flexion, and the researcher controlling the scapula movements by pushing the shoulder over coracoid apophasis. The App Thechnique (Ubersense ©) was used to measure the glenohumeral rotation degrees between the vertical line (controlled by a plumb) and the forearm segment. Results: The multifactorial ANOVA showed that there were significant differences on GIRD and TAMD between the experimental and the control group performing the stretching F(2,70)=49.150, P=0.000, η2p=0.992. The experimental group reduced the GIRD a16.2% and the TAMD a 6.7%. The dominant IR mean values changed significantly from 66.3±12.5 to 79.2±10.4 degrees for EG ( P=0.00) and non-significantly for CG, from 74.6±12.7 to 77.6±13.9 degrees ( P=0.11). The dominant TAM means changed significantly in EG from 173.2±16.8 to 192.0±17.0 degrees ( P=0.00) and non- significantly for CG 181.5±21.7 to 188.2±23.3 degrees ( P=0.12). Conclusion: To apply a static passive stretching on posterior deltoid during 90-sec reduced GIRD and the TAMD in professional swimmers after competition, which suggest a reduced risk of shoulder injury in these overhead athletes.

Stair-Ascent Performance in Elderly Women: Effect of Explosive Strength Training

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Holsgaard-Larsen ◽  
Paolo Caserotti ◽  
Lis Puggaard ◽  
Per Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Neuromuscular Activity ◽  
Stair Ascent

Explosive-type strength training may alter kinetics and neuromuscular activity during stair ascent in elderly women. This may improve functional ability. Nineteen women (69.7 ± 3.4 yr) were randomly allocated to strength training (TG; twice per wk, 12 wk) or a control group (CG). Stair ascent was assessed at self-chosen (AFV), standardized (ASV), and maximal velocity (AMV) pre- and posttraining. Ground-reaction force (GRF) and EMG quantified kinetics and neuromuscular activity. After training, TG increased AMV and AFV velocity by 8% (p= .02) and 17% (p= .007), respectively (TG vs.CG; p< .05). This was accompanied by elevated rectus femoris EMG (from 21% to 48%,p< .047). At AFV, TG increased GRF first peak force 4% (p= .047), and CG increased second peak force 5% (p= .036). Muscle coactivation remained unaltered in both groups. Explosive-type strength training led to enhanced stair-climbing performance at maximal and self-chosen speed, reflecting an improved functional ability.

scholarly journals Effect of Heel-First Strike Gait on Knee and Ankle Mechanics

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Shirin Aali ◽  
Farhad Rezazadeh ◽  
Georgian Badicu ◽  
Wilhelm Robert Grosz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heel Contact

Background and Objectives: Acquiring knowledge about the magnitude and direction of induced joint forces during modifying gait strategies is critical for proper exercise prescription. The present study aimed to evaluate whether a heel-first strike pattern during gait can affect the biomechanical characteristics of ankle and knee joints among asymptomatic people. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed in the biomechanics laboratory, 13 professional healthy male athletes walked on an instrumented walkway under two walking conditions. For the normal condition, subjects were instructed to walk as they normally would. For the heel-first strike condition, subjects were instructed to walk with heel-first strike pattern and increase heel contact duration as much as possible. Then, knee and ankle joint range of motions and moments, as well as vertical ground reaction force was measured by the Kistler force plate and Vicon motion analysis system. Results: Knee flexion angle at the initial contact and during stance phase was significantly lower when increasing the heel strike pattern. In addition, the mean values of the knee external rotation and adductor moments during heel strike condition were lower than those in normal walking. Further, the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) during mid-stance increased significantly during heel-first strike pattern compared to the value in normal gait pattern. Conclusions: The modification of gait pattern including heel-first strike pattern can reduce the mechanical load applied to the knee, while improving the extensibility of gastro-soleus muscle complex.

scholarly journals Prolonged Running Using Bionic Footwear Influences Lower Limb Biomechanics

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Xinyan Jiang ◽  
Xiaoyi Yang ◽  
Huiyu Zhou ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Running Biomechanics

The running biomechanics of unstable shoes have been well investigated, however, little is known about how traditional neutral shoes in combination with unstable design elements and scientifically (bionic) designed shoes influence prolonged running biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical changes for a typical 5 km run and how footwear technology may affect outcomes. Sixteen healthy male recreational heel strike runners participated in this study, and completed two prolonged running sessions (neutral shoe session and bionic shoe session), with 7 to 10 days interval between sessions. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA, shoe × time) was conducted to determine any differences in joint biomechanics. Main effects for shoe type were observed at the ankle, knee and hip joints during the stance phase. In particular, decreased range of motion (ROM) was observed using the bionic shoes for all three joints, and the joint moments also had significant changes except for the frontal plane of the hip. Main effects for time were also observed at the ankle, knee and hip joints. The ROM of the sagittal plane in the knee and hip decreased post-5 km running. The reduction of ankle dorsiflexion, hip flexion, hip adduction and hip internal rotation angles were observed post-5 km running, as well as the increase of ankle eversion and external rotation, knee adduction and internal rotation angles. The kinetics also exhibited significant differences between pre-5 km running and post-5 km running. The interaction effects only existed in the ROM of the hip sagittal plane, hip adduction angle and hip internal rotation angle. The results suggested that bionic shoes could be beneficial for strengthening muscle control, enhancing postural stability and proprioceptive ability. Footwear personalization could be a solution that benefits runners, reduces injury risk and improves running performance.

scholarly journals Novice Female Exercisers Exhibited Different Biomechanical Loading Profiles during Full-Squat and Half-Squat Practice

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Ntwali Adrien ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Qichang Mei ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Joint Moment ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Movement Correction ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Difference

Background: Females with different practice experience may show different body postures and movement patterns while squatting in different depths, which may lead to changes of biomechanical loadings and increase the risks of injuries. Methods: Sixteen novice female participants without squat training experience participated in this study. A 3D motion capture system was used to collect the marker trajectory and ground reaction force data during bodyweight squatting in different depths. The participants’ kinematic data and joint moment were calculated using OpenSim’s inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics algorithm. In this study, authors adapted a model especially developed for squatting and customized the knee joint with extra Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) in the coronal and horizontal plane with adduction/abduction and internal/external rotation. A paired-sample t-test was used to analyze the difference of joint range of motions (ROM) and peak moments between full-squat (F-SQ) and half-squat (H-SQ). One-Dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM1D) is used to analyze the difference of joint angle and moment between the process of squatting F-SQ and H-SQ. Results: (1) Compared with H-SQ, F-SQ showed larger ROM in sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes (p < 0.05). (2) SPM1D found that the difference in joint angles and joint moments between F-SQ and H-SQ was mainly concentrated in the mid-stance during squatting, which suggested the difference is greatly pronounced during deeper squat. (3) Peak hip extension moment, knee extension moment, hip adduction moment, and plantar flexion moment of F-SQ were significantly higher than H-SQ (p < 0.05). (4) Difference of hip and knee extension moments and rotation moments between the F-SQ and H-SQ were exhibited during descending and ascending. Conclusion: The study found that novice women had larger range of joint motion during the F-SQ than H-SQ group, and knee valgus was observed during squatting to the deepest point. Greater joint moment was found during F-SQ and reached a peak during ascending after squatting to the deepest point. Novice women may have better movement control during H-SQ. The findings may provide implications for the selection of lower limb strength training programs, assist the scientific development of training movements, and provide reference for squat movement correction, thus reducing the risk of injury for novice women in squatting practice.

scholarly journals Predictor index of functional limb length discrepancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 230949902094165
Author(s):  
Vivek Ajit Singh ◽  
Sasidaran Ramalingam ◽  
Amber Haseeb ◽  
Nor Faissal Bin Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Limb Length Discrepancy ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Limb length discrepancy (LLD) of lower extremities is underdiagnosed due to compensatory mechanisms during locomotion. The natural course of compensation leads to biomechanical alteration in human musculoskeletal system leading to adverse effects. General consensus accepts LLD more than 2 cm as significant to cause biomechanical alteration. No studies were conducted correlating height and lower extremities true length (TL) to signify LLD. Examining significant LLD in relation to height and TL using dynamic gait analysis with primary focus on kinematics and secondary focus on kinetics would provide an objective evaluation method. Methodology: Forty participants with no evidence of LLD were recruited. Height and TL were measured. Reflective markers were attached at specific points in lower extremity and subjects walked in gait lab at a self-selected normal walking pace with artificial LLDs of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm simulated using shoe raise. Accommodation period of 30 min was given. Infrared cameras were used to capture the motion. Primary kinematic (knee flexion and pelvic obliquity (PO)) and secondary kinetic (ground reaction force (GRF)) were measured at right heel strike and left heel strike. Functional adaptation was analyzed and the postulated predictor indices (PIs) were used as a screening tool using height, LLD, and TL to notify significance. Results: There was a significant knee flexion component seen in height category of less than 170 cm. There was significant difference between LLD 3 cm and 4 cm. No significant changes were seen in PO and GRF. PIs of LLD/height and LLD/TL were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve. LLD/height as a PI with value of 1.75 was determined with specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 76%. Conclusion: A height of less than 170 cm has significant changes in relation to LLD. PI using LLD/height appears to be a promising tool to identify patients at risk.

Lower Extremity Biomechanical Demands During Saut de Chat Leaps

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N Jarvis ◽  
Kornelia Kulig
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

In dance, high demands are placed on the lower extremity joints during jumping tasks. The purpose of this study was to compare biomechanical demands placed on the lower extremity joints during the takeoff and landing phases of saut de chat leaps. METHODS: Thirty healthy, experienced dancers with 20.8±4.9 yrs of dance training performed 5 saut de chat leaps. A three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Ground reaction force (GRF) peaks and impulse and sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints were calculated for the takeoff and landing phases of each leap. RESULTS: Saut de chat takeoffs demonstrated greater braking GRF impulse (p<0.001), while landings demonstrated greater peak vertical GRF (p<0.001). During takeoff, greater kinetic demands were placed on the MTP (p<0.001) and ankle (p<0.001) joints, while during landing greater kinetic demands were placed on the hip (p=0.037) joint. CONCLUSIONS: Both the takeoff and landing phases of saut de chat leaps place significant demands on a dancer’s body. Takeoff involves greater demands on the more distal joints and requires more braking forces, while the landing phase involves greater demands on the more proximal joints of the lower extremity and requires the dancer to absorb more vertical force. These demands, combined with extensive repetition of movements during training, may contribute to the high number of chronic injuries seen in dance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document