scholarly journals Performance of the BD FACSPresto near to patient Analyzer in comparison with representative conventional CD4 instruments in Cameroon.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Sagnia ◽  
Fabrice MBAKOP Ghomsi ◽  
Ana Gutierrez ◽  
Samuel SOSSO ◽  
Rachel KAMGAING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Testing

Abstract Background: In the context of scaling the viral load in resource limited settings, following HIV infected patient’s adults and children with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count still very important in settings where the decentralization of treatment still has some challenges. Effective HIV monitoring in these resource-constrained settings needs affordable and reliable CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration methods. We investigated the validity of a BD FACSPresto POC which is a dedicated system for enumeration that uses immunofluorescent technologies. In this study, we have assessed the correlation between most representative flow cytometry instruments present in Cameroon with more than 5000 CD4 T cells tests per year including FACSCalibur, FACSCount, and PIMA POC from Becton Dickinson and ALERE respectively. Methods: 268 patients aged from 1 to 72 years old were enrolled and included in the study. The BD FACSPresto POC CD4+ T cell technology was placed at CIRCB and operated by technician staff. HIV infected patients were from Chantal BIYA international reference Center (CIRCB), Centre de Sante Catholique de NKOLODOM, Centre de Sante Catholique de BIKOP and CASS de Nkolndongo – Yaounde We compared the accuracy of the BD FACSPresto and three existing reference technologies with more than 5000 tests per year like FACSCalibur, FACSCount and PIMA according to the number of CD4 test done per year and their repartition in the country. Bland – Altman method and correlation analysis were used to estimate mean bias and 95% limits of agreement and to compare the methods, including analysis by subgroup of participant gestational age. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05Results: The BD FACSPresto POC system has excellent precision, accuracy and linearity for CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration. Good correlations were obtained between the BD FACSPresto poc system and other single platform methods. Bland–Altman plots showed interchangeability between two machines mean bias BD-FACSPresto vs PIMA= -126,522(-161,221 to -91,822) BD-FACSPresto vs FACSCount= -38,708 (-58,935 to -18,482) and FACSPresto vs FACSCALIBUR= 0,791(-11,908 to 13,491). Mean difference with Absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte values obtained from the BD FACSPresto system correlated well with PIMA, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur method with R² equal to 0.88, 0.92 and 0.968 respectively with P < 0.001 for all. The mean comparison between values obtained from BD FACSPresto with PIMA, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur using paired T test give P=0.17, P=0.5 and P=0.6 respectively meaning that there is no significant differences between values obtained with BD FACSPresto and PIMA, FACSCount or FACSCalibur CD4 enumeration machines. Further analysis revealed close agreement between all the three instruments with no significant difference between the forth methods (P=0.91) Conclusion: This BD-FACSPresto POC system is a simple, robust and reliable system for enumeration of absolute and percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes especially suitable for remote areas with limited resources. Having one BD-FACSPresto POC system easy to use, should reduce the cost and thus increase and improved access to CD4 testing for HIV infected patients in resource-constrained countries. BD-FACSPresto POC CD4 will enable reduction in patient time and improve the overall quality of ART service count and may improve test access in remote areas. This technology can allow for greater decentralization and wider access to CD4 testing and ART

scholarly journals Performance of the BD FACSPresto near to patient Analyzer in comparison with representative conventional CD4 instruments in Cameroon.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Sagnia ◽  
Fabrice MBAKOP Ghomsi ◽  
Ana Gutierrez ◽  
Samuel SOSSO ◽  
Rachel KAMGAING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Testing

Abstract Background In view of scaling up viral load during the management of HIV in adults and children in resource limited settings, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count still relevant in remote areas where the decentralization of treatment is independent of viral load. Effective clinical management of HIV within these resource-constrained settings depends on affordable and reliable CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration methods. We have assessed the performance of a BD FACSPresto POC which is a dedicated CD4 enumeration system applicable in remote areas. A comparative analysis was made between the performance of the BD FACSPresto POC and representative flow cytometry instruments present in Cameroon in including FACSCalibur, FACSCount, and PIMA POC from Becton Dickinson and ALERE respectively. All these CD4 enumerations are known to perform more than 5000 CD4 T cells tests per year. Methods: The BD FACSPresto POC CD4+ T cell technology was placed at CIRCB and operated by technician staff. 268 patients aged between 1 to 72 years old were included in the study. Participants were recruited from the Chantal BIYA international reference Center (CIRCB), Centre de Sante Catholique de NKOLODOM, Centre de Sante Catholique de BIKOP and CASS de Nkolndongo – Yaounde respectively. We compared the performance of the BD FACSPresto with three existing CD4 enumeration technologies including FACSCalibur, FACSCount and PIMA capable of performing more than 5000 tests per year. Bland – Altman method and correlation analysis were used to estimate mean bias and 95% limits of agreement and to compare the methods, including analysis by subgroup of participant gestational age. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05 Results: The BD FACSPresto POC CD4 enumeration system showed similar performance with the other CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration instruments. Strong correlations were obtained between the BD FACSPresto poc system and other single platform methods. Bland–Altman plots showed interchangeability between two machines mean bias BD-FACSPresto vs PIMA= -126,522(-161,221 to -91,822) BD-FACSPresto vs FACSCount= -38,708 (-58,935 to -18,482) and FACSPresto vs FACSCALIBUR= 0,791(-11,908 to 13,491). Mean difference with Absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte values obtained from the BD FACSPresto system correlated well with PIMA, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur method with R² equal to 0.88, 0.92 and 0.968 respectively with P < 0.001 for all. The mean comparison between values obtained from BD FACSPresto with PIMA, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur using paired T test give P=0.17, P=0.5 and P=0.6 respectively meaning that there is no significant differences between values obtained with BD FACSPresto and PIMA, FACSCount or FACSCalibur CD4 enumeration machines. Further analysis revealed close agreement between all the three instruments with no significant difference between the four equipment with different methods of analysis (P=0.91) Conclusion: This BD-FACSPresto POC system is a simple, robust and reliable system for enumeration of absolute and CD4+ T-lymphocytes percentages especially in remote areas with limited resources. Having a single BD-FACSPresto POC system which is easy to use, should reduce the cost and thus increase and improved access to CD4 testing for HIV infected patients in remote areas of resource-constrained countries. BD-FACSPresto POC CD4 will enable reduction in patient wait time and improve the overall quality of ART service count and may improve test access in remote areas. This technology can allow for greater decentralization and wider access to CD4 testing in areas where viral load is not possible during ART

scholarly journals Performance of the BD FACSPresto near to patient Analyzer in comparison with representative conventional CD4 instruments in Cameroon.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Sagnia ◽  
Fabrice MBAKOP Ghomsi ◽  
Ana Gutierrez ◽  
Samuel SOSSO ◽  
Rachel KAMGAING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Cd4 Testing

Abstract Background In the context of scaling the viral load in resource limited settings, following HIV infected patient’s adults and children with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count still very important in settings where the decentralization of treatment still has some challenges. Effective HIV monitoring in these resource-constrained settings needs affordable and reliable CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration methods. We investigated the validity of a BD FACSPresto POC which is a dedicated system for enumeration that uses immunofluorescent technologies. In this study, we have assessed the sensitivity, specificity and correlation between most representative flow cytometry instruments present in Cameroon with more than 5000 CD4 T cells tests per year including FACSCalibur, FACSCount, and PIMA POC from Becton dinkinson and ALERE respectively. Methods 268 patients aged from 1 to 72 years old were enrolled and included in the study after inform consent. The BD FACSPresto POC CD4+ T cell technology was placed at CIRCB and operated by technician staff. HIV infected patients were from Chantal BIYA international reference Center (CIRCB), Centre de Sante Catholique de NKOLODOM, Centre de Sante Catholique de BIKOP and CASS de Nkolndongo – Yaounde We compared the accuracy of the BD FACSPresto and three existing reference technologies with more than 5000 tests per year like FACSCalibur, FACSCount and PIMA according to the number of CD4 test done per year and their repartition in the country. Bland – Altman method and correlation analysis were used to estimate mean bias and 95% limits of agreement and to compare the methods, including analysis by subgroup of participant gestational age. In addition sensitivity and specificity were determined. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05 Results The BD FACSPresto POC system has excellent precision, accuracy and linearity for CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration. Good correlations were obtained between the BD FACSPresto poc system and other single platform methods. Bland–Altman plots showed interchangeability between two machines mean bias BD-FACSPresto vs PIMA= -126,522(-161,221 to -91,822) BD-FACSPresto vs FACSCount= -38,708 (-58,935 to -18,482) and FACSPresto vs FACSCALIBUR= 0,791(-11,908 to 13,491). Mean difference with Absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte values obtained from the BD FACSPresto system correlated well with PIMA, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur method with R 2 equal to 0.88, 0.92 and 0.968 respectively with P < 0.001 for all. The mean comparison between values obtained from BD FACSPresto with PIMA, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur using paired T test give P=0.17, P=0.5 and P=0.6 respectively meaning that there is no significant differences between values obtained with BD FACSPresto and PIMA, FACSCount or FACSCalibur CD4 enumeration machines. Further analysis revealed close agreement between all the three instruments with no significant difference between the forth methods (P=0.91) Conclusion This BD-FACSPresto POC system is a simple, robust and reliable system for enumeration of absolute and percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes especially suitable for remote areas with limited resources. Having one BD-FACSPresto POC system easy to use, should reduce the cost and thus increase and improved access to CD4 testing for HIV infected patients in resource-constrained countries. BD-FACSPresto POC CD4 will enable reduction in patient time and improve the overall quality of ART service count and may improve test access in remote areas. This technology can allow for greater decentralization and wider access to CD4 testing and ART

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of the novel portable PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer in comparison with conventional flow cytometer instruments in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Sagnia ◽  
Rachel Kamgaing ◽  
Charles Kouanfack ◽  
Georgette Kamdem ◽  
Samuel Sosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts are used in the initiation and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients: with the increase number of HIV infected patient and the reduce number of heath care system in rural zones, HIV monitoring in resource-constrained settings demands affordable and reliable CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration methods. We evaluated a simple PIMA POC which is a dedicated system for enumeration that uses immunomagnetic and immunofluorescent technologies. The instrument was designed to be a low-cost, yet reliable and robust one. In this study, we assessed the correlation between most representative flow cytometry instruments present in Cameroon instead of CyFlow from PARTEC, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur both from Becton Dickinson. Methods CD4 surface markers on lymphocytes was measured on samples collected in EDTA tubes from 268 patients aged from 1 to 65 years old in three different health care structures. HIV infected patients are coming from CIRCB, Day Hospital of Hopital Central de Yaounde (HCY) and Hopital General de Yaounde (HGY). After inform consent, samples were collected and 101 samples were tested with the FACSCalibur, 60 samples were tested with the CyFlow and 107 samples were tested with the FACSCount flow cytometers. All these samples were tested by different technician with PIMA POC present in all these health care structures and the correlation and agreement were analyzed using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis. Results The PIMA POC system has excellent precision, accuracy and linearity for CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration. Good correlations were obtained between the PIMA POC system and other single platform methods. Bland–Altman plots showed interchangeability between the three machines. Absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte values obtained from the PIMA system correlated well with Cyflow, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur method (r2 varies from 0.88 to 0.968, P < 0.0001). The comparison between values obtained from PIMA with CYFLOW, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur give P = 0.17, P = 0.5 and P = 0.6 respectively meaning that there is not significant differences between values obtained with PIMA and other flow machines. Conclusion This POC PIMA system is a simple and reliable system for enumeration of absolute CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Having one PIMA system easy to use, should reduce the cost and thus increase access to CD4 testing for HIV infected patients in resource-constrained countries. POC CD4 may also alleviate testing burdens at traditional central CD4 laboratories, hence improving test access in both rural and urban environments. This will reduce also the loss of follow up.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of the Novel Portable PIMA Point-Of-Care CD4 Analyzer in Comparison with Conventional Flow Cytometer Instruments in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Sagnia ◽  
Rachel Kamgaing ◽  
Charles Kouanfack ◽  
Georgette Kamdem ◽  
Samuel Sosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background: Absolute CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts are used in the initiation and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients: with the increase number of HIV infected patient and the reduce number of heath care system in rural zones, HIV monitoring in resource-constrained settings demands affordable and reliable CD4 + T lymphocytes enumeration methods. We evaluated a simple PIMA POC which is a dedicated system for enumeration that uses immunomagnetic and immunofluorescent technologies. The instrument was designed to be a low-cost, yet reliable and robust one. In this study, we assessed the correlation between most representative flow cytometry instruments present in Cameroon instead of CyFlow from PARTEC, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur both from Becton DickinsonMethods: CD4 surface markers on lymphocytes was measured on samples collected in EDTA tubes from 268 patients aged from 1 to 65 years old in three different health care structures. HIV infected patients are coming from CIRCB, Day Hospital of Hopital Central de Yaounde (HCY) and Hopital General de Yaounde (HGY). After inform consent, samples were collected and 101 samples were tested with the FACSCalibur, 60 samples were tested with the CyFlow and 107 samples were tested with the FACSCount flow cytometers. All these samples were tested by different technician with PIMA POC present in all these health care structures and the correlation and agreement were analyzed using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis.Results: The PIMA POC system has excellent precision, accuracy and linearity for CD4 + T lymphocytes enumeration. Good correlations were obtained between the PIMA POC system and other single platform methods. Bland–Altman plots showed interchangeability between the three machines. Absolute CD4 + T-lymphocyte values obtained from the PIMA system correlated well with Cyflow, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur method (r2 varies from 0.88 to 0.968, P < 0.0001). The comparison between values obtained from PIMA with CYFLOW, FACSCount, and FACSCalibur give P = 0.17, P = 0.5 and P = 0.6 respectively meaning that there is not significant differences between values obtained with PIMA and other flow machines.Conclusion: This POC PIMA system is a simple and reliable system for enumeration of absolute CD4 + T-lymphocytes. Having one PIMA system easy to use, should reduce the cost and thus increase access to CD4 testing for HIV infected patients in resource-constrained countries. POC CD4 may also alleviate testing burdens at traditional central CD4 laboratories, hence improving test access in both rural and urban environments. This will reduce also the loss of follow up

scholarly journals O10: METFORMIN TREATMENT IMPROVES LYMPHOCYTE METABOLISM IN A MOUSE MODEL OF MAJOR SURGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Jones ◽  
A Gutierrez ◽  
del Arroyo ◽  
SM Henson ◽  
GL Ackland
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Capacity

Abstract Introduction Lymphopaenia is common after major surgery and associated with poor outcome. T-lymphocytes restrain damaging innate inflammation. Major surgery impairs T-lymphocyte metabolism in humans, which promotes lymphopaenia. Metformin is known to improve mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of inflammation. Firstly, we hypothesised that a mouse model of major surgery would demonstrate impaired T-lymphocyte metabolism and secondly, that metformin treatment in vivo would reverse the phenotype. Method Male C57Bl/6 mice aged between 8 and 12 weeks were housed in a specific pathogen free environment with free access to food and water. Animals were dosed with either vehicle (phosphate buffered saline, 20 ml/kg) or metformin (250 mg/kg) daily via intraperitoneal injection for four days prior to and after surgery. A partial hepatectomy was performed under isofluorane anaesthesia. Naive littermates were used as controls. All experiments were performed according to the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Splenic T-lymphocytes were isolated by negative selection using magnetic beads. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured using a Seahorse Extracellular Flux analyser. Parametric statistical analysis was performed and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was chosen to represent significance. Result T-lymphocytes demonstrated reduced spare respiratory capacity (SRC, 285 vs 497 %, p=0.004) after surgery compared to naive controls. Metformin treatment in vivo reversed this observation and SRC was comparable to naive (437 vs 497 %, p=0.34). Metformin treatment in vitro increased spare respiratory capacity in T-lymphocytes from mice after surgery compared to naive (change from untreated, 187 vs 91 %, p=0.03). Conclusion Perioperative metformin treatment improved T-lymphocyte metabolism in a mouse model of major surgery. Take-home message Metformin is a potential treatment for the lymphocyte metabolic dysfunction observed after surgery.

617 Who Benefits the Most from Burn Camps?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S162-S163
Author(s):  
Jennifer B Radics-Johnson ◽  
Daniel W Chacon ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Return Home ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Burn camps provide a unique environment and activities for children that have experienced a burn-injury. Positive outcomes from attending burn camp include increased self-esteem, decreased feelings of isolation and a greater sense of self-confidence. In a 3-year retrospective review of camper evaluations from one of the largest and longest running week-long burn camps in the nation for ages 5–17, we aimed to assess if a child’s gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity affected the impact that burn camp had on a child. Methods A 3-year retrospective review of a Burn Camp’s camper evaluation forms was conducted for campers that attended burn camp between 2017–2019. Camp rosters were reviewed to determine the camper gender, age, TBSA and ethnicity. Camper self-evaluation forms completed at the end of each camp session were reviewed to record camper responses to questions regarding their opinions on the impact camp had on them as well as how camp will impact their lives once they return home. Categorical variables were summarized as frequency and percentage, and continuous variables were described as median and range. To check the relationship between two categorical variables, Chi-square test was used. To compare the continuous variable among groups, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used. Statistical significance was declared based on a p value&lt; 0.5. Results Within 2017–2019, there were 413 camper records. Participants’ demographic characteristics are summarized in Table 1. There were 208 males (50.3%) and 205 females (49.6%). The median age of campers were 11.86, 12.44 and 12.45 for 2017–2019, with the range from 5.16 years to 17.96 years. The median TBSA were 20, 20 and 18 for 2017–2019, with the range from 0.08 to 90. Collectively there were 47.7% Hispanic (n= 197); 24.2% Whites (n=100); 13.1% Black (n= 54); 4.6% Asian (n=19) and 7.7% Other (n=32). There were 395 camper self-evaluation forms submitted. Results of three questions there we were interested in are summarized collectively in Table 2. 57% of campers responded, “Yes, Definitely” to the question “After going to this event, will you feel more comfortable being around your classmates or friends?” 54% responded, “ Yes, Definitely” to the question “Do you feel more confidents in sharing your burn story with others when returning home?” and 51% responded “Yes, Definitely” to “Did you learn anything that will help you when you return home?” Conclusions In analyzing the camper responses, there was no statistically significant difference in responses comparing gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity.

scholarly journals Comparative study between bone patellar tendon bone and quadrupled hamstring autografts in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with aperture fixation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip S. Shaktawat ◽  
Anil Kumar Mishra ◽  
Manoj R. Kashid ◽  
Amit Chaudhry ◽  
Rajshekhar . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aperture Fixation ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Bone Patellar Tendon

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Bone patellar tendon bone <strong>(</strong>BPTB) and hamstring (HT) auto grafts have been used routinely in reconstruction of ACL over past two decades. Controversy still remains as to which graft is superior over other. Many studies have compared these graft options using different implants and different methods of fixation. Continuation of efforts in the same direction; purpose of the study is to compare these two graft options utilizing identical implants and similar method of fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 40 patients of clinically and radiologically diagnosed ACL tear fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups to undergo arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using quadrupled hamstring graft (n=20) and bone patellar tendon bone auto graft (n=20) utilizing bioscrew by aperture fixation method in both the groups. They were compared post operatively for symptomatic improvement, clinical and rolimeter laxity tests and Lysholm functional knee scoring at 02 year.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> At the end of 02 years laxity measurement by rolimeter showed slightly better results in BPTB group; however it was not statistically significant (p value= 0.362). Knee pain at the end of 02 year was slightly more in HT groups (45%) as compared to BPTB group (35%) but not significant (p value =0.748). Instability symptoms are comparable in both the groups (sense of giving away on exertion). Manual laxity testing by Lachman and Pivot shift tests were comparable in both the groups with p value of 0.695 and 0.999 respectively. Lysholm functional knee score also showed no statistical significance (p value =0.957).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is no significant difference between HT and BPTB auto grafts in terms of clinical and functional outcome at the end of 02 years. </p>

The Relationship between the Type of Milk Consumed and the Risk of Kidney Stones in Children Under Two Years of Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Shajari ◽  
Ahmad Shajari ◽  
Mohammad Golshan Tafti ◽  
Reza Samaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Background: Kidney stones are one of several serious health problems in childhood that cause nutritional and growth disorders, and may finally lead to chronic kidney failure in this group. Methods: In this analytical study conducted through a case-control design, 30 children under the age of two with kidney stones, and 125 children of the same age and sex without stones were studied. Patient information including personal profile and the results of some necessary tests were extracted from patient records and listed in a checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17.0). Statistical significance was considered when p-value was <0.05. Results: In terms of duration of breastfeeding, a significant difference was observed between the patients with stones and patients without stones; the duration of breastfeeding was longer in the control group (p=0.003). In addition, the duration of feeding with formula milk and cow milk was longer in the case group (p=0.038 and p=0.012, respectively). Conclusion: Breastfeeding can serve as a nutritional factor that plays a preventive and protective role against the formation of kidney stones in infants.

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

scholarly journals Performance and Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Major League Baseball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596711982583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Jack ◽  
Kyle R. Sochacki ◽  
Takashi Hirase ◽  
Justin Vickery ◽  
Patrick C. McCulloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Postoperative Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Major League ◽  
And Performance

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain that may lead to decreased performance in Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Purpose: To determine the (1) return-to-sport (RTS) rate in MLB players after hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI; (2) postoperative career length, innings pitched (IP) (pitchers), and plate appearances (PA) (position players); (3) preoperative and postoperative performance; and (4) postoperative performance compared with control players matched by position, age, years of experience, and performance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB athletes who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI and matched controls were identified. Demographic and performance data were collected. RTS was defined as playing in at least 1 MLB game after surgery. Continuous variables of each group were compared using a 2-tailed paired-samples Student t test for normally distributed data. The chi-square test was used to analyze categorical data. The Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple comparisons, with statistical significance defined by a P value of ≤.007. Results: A total of 50 players (57 surgeries) were analyzed (mean age, 30.4 ± 3.9 years; mean MLB experience at the time of surgery, 7.0 ± 4.6 years). Pitchers (31 surgeries; 54.4%) represented the largest proportion of players analyzed. Of these players, 42 (47 surgeries; 82.5%) were able to RTS at a mean of 8.3 ± 4.1 months. The overall 1-year MLB career survival rate of players undergoing FAI surgery was 78.9%. Players in the control group were in MLB a similar number of years (4.0 ± 2.9 years) to players who underwent surgery (3.3 ± 2.4 years) ( P > .007). There was no significant decrease in IP or PA per season after surgery ( P > .007). There was no significant difference in performance for pitchers and nonpitchers compared with matched controls after surgery ( P > .007). Conclusion: The RTS rate for MLB athletes after hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI was high. There were similar IP, PA, and career lengths postoperatively compared with preoperatively and with matched controls. There was no significant difference in performance for pitchers and nonpitchers compared with matched controls after surgery.

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