Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Grafted Wheat Straw for Economical and Eco-friendly Treatment of Oily Wastewater.

Abstract The sustainable development of oil-gas and petrochemical industries necessitates the development of cost-effective and eco-friendly technologies to treat mass-produced oily wastewater discharge from these industries. This study applied a simple radical polymerization to enhance the oil adsorption efficiency of agricultural waste biomass wheat straw (WS) by grafting biocompatible PMMA. Diesel oil adsorption from oil-in-water emulsion using the PMMA grafted WS was thoroughly studied for the first time in the quest of developing an economical and eco-friendly adsorbent for the adsorptive treatment of oily wastewater. Initially, the pristine WS was subjected to alkaline hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment to remove the materials that can lead to secondary pollution during operation, to expose the reactive cellulose surface sites that can enhance grafting efficiency, and to break the inner interconnected tubular pore channel walls; otherwise, the tubular pore channels will not be accessible to viscous oil due to limited capillary penetration. The success of pre-treatment of pristine WS and the subsequent PMMA grafting were evaluated by SEM morphology, BET analysis, EDX and XPS elemental analysis, FTIR, and contact angle measurements. SEM images indicated that the inner interconnected tubular pore channels of WS are exposed significantly upon alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. PMMA grafting substantially improved oil adhesivity, as evident from the 0º oil contact angle for WS-g-PMMA film. Oil absorptivity was thoroughly evaluated by batch oil adsorption study using variable adsorbent dosages and oil emulsion concentrations. The WS-g-PMMA exhibited explicitly higher adsorption capacity (ca. 1129 mg/g) compared to that of the pristine (ca. 346 mg/g) and pretreated (ca. 741 mg/g) due to high accessibility to exposed inner interconnected tubular pore channels and strong hydrophobic interactions between the WS-g-PMMA surface and oil droplets. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to evaluate the adsorption mechanism. The experimental data fit well with the Freundlich isotherm, clearly indicating the heterogeneity of adsorption sites, as well as multilayer adsorption of oil. The experimental adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second-order rate equation with R2 as high as 0.999, which confirmed the multilayer adsorption of oil. The high oil adsorption capacity of the WS-g-PMMA makes it a very promising material for oily wastewater treatment. This will simultaneously resolve issues with the treatment of oily wastewater and facilitate the recycling of abundant quantities of waste WS. This study serves as a reference for analyzing the suitability of wheat straw for treating extremely challenging waste streams, such as SAGD produced water containing BTEX and PAHs that are also hydrophobic like diesel oil.

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Effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment on cell wall composition and digestion kinetics of sugarcane residues and wheat straw

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/1992.7092877x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 2877-2884 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. Amjed ◽

H. G. Jung ◽

J. D. Donker

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Cell Wall Composition ◽

Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽

Digestion Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

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Isolation of Cellulose from Wheat Straw Using Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide and Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments: Comparison of Yield and Properties

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2020/9765950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Umair Qasim ◽

Zulfiqar Ali ◽

Muhammad Shahid Nazir ◽

Sadaf Ul Hassan ◽

Sikander Rafiq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Sodium Chlorite ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

X Ray ◽

Multifunctional Material ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽

Ft Ir

Environmental concerns due to excessive use of synthetic or petroleum-based materials have encouraged scientists to develop novel, sustainable, and multifunctional material using abundant lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, a study was conducted on the isolation of cellulose from wheat straw using two different methods: acidified sodium chlorite and alkaline hydrogen peroxide. A comparative study was carried out based on the yield and properties of extracted cellulose. The final product (after treatments) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the identification of properties. Both the treatments isolated pure white color cellulose. However, the yield of cellulose isolated through acidified sodium chlorite treatment (81.4%) was higher than alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment (79%). Moreover, no huge difference was observed in the crystallinity and thermal properties of extracted cellulose.

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effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600018997 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1990 ◽

pp. 119-119

Author(s):

A. S. Chaudhry ◽

E. L. Miller

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

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