scholarly journals Myanmar Continues to Curb Malaria amid Coronavirus Disease-2019 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Thapa ◽  
Aung Thi ◽  
Wint Phyo Than ◽  
Kyawt Mon Win ◽  
San Kyaw Khine
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Job Aids ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Myanmar has targeted Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination by 2025 and all human malaria elimination by 2030. Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could jeopardize the current gains. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on epidemiology and malaria services in Myanmar. Methods: This is cross sectional study using retrospective routine programme data reported by Ministry of Health and Sports (for COVID-19) and National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) (for malaria) during January – September 2019 and 2020. Results: Myanmar implemented whole of society COVID-19 response since its first 2 cases were detected on 23 March 2020. NMCP mobilized US$ 7 mil to support, protect and mitigate COVID-19 impact on malaria through implementation of tailored guidelines, job aids and risk communication materials starting April 2020. Front line health workers were protected through supplies of surgical masks, hand sanitizer, aprons, gloves, non-contact digital thermometers among others. During January-September 2020, reported malaria cases, severe cases and deaths declined by 11%, 34% and 27%, respectively in the same period in 2019. Total P. falciparum cases declined by 55% with minimal increase in tests (0.14%). 80% of cases and 98% of foci were investigated in 2020 in comparison to 68% and 54% in 2019, respectively (p<0.05). In 2020, NMCP distributed 72% of the targeted long-lasting insecticidal nets (vs 49% in 2019) (p<0.05). Integrated Community Malaria Volunteers (ICMVs) trained in 2020 was 49% in comparison to 94% in 2019 (P<0.05), while number of functional ICMVs remained at 91% (vs 94% in 2019). Overall monthly reports from all reporting units received slightly dropped by 5%. In 2020, NMCP was able to conduct 59% supervision visits at various levels, which was higher than 2019 (56%). Conclusions: Malaria cases, severe cases and deaths continued to decline amid COVID-19 in Myanmar with 55% decline in P. falciparum . Programme need to continue essential malaria services during the upsurge of COVID-19 and simultaneously plan proactively to ensure uninterrupted supply of essential malaria commodities for 2021 to ensure P. falciparum elimination by 2025.

scholarly journals Malaria hot spot along the foothills of Rakhine state, Myanmar: geospatial distribution of malaria cases in townships targeted for malaria elimination

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
San Kyawt Khine ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
Zaw Lin ◽  
Aung Thi
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis

Abstract Background Myanmar has targeted elimination of malaria by 2030. In three targeted townships of Rakhine state of Myanmar, a project is being piloted to eliminate malaria by 2025. The comprehensive case investigation (CCI) and geotagging of cases by health workers is a core activity under the project. However, the CCI data is not analyzed for obtaining information on geospatial distribution of cases and timeliness of diagnosis. In this regard, we aimed to depict geospatial distribution and assess the proportion with delayed diagnosis among diagnosed malaria cases residing in three targeted townships during April 2018 to March 2019. Methods This was a cross sectional analysis of CCI data routinely collected by national malaria control programme. The geocode (latitude and longitude) of the address was analysed using Quantum Geographic Information System software to deduce spot maps and hotspots of cases. The EpiData analysis software was used to summarize the proportion with delay in diagnosis (diagnosed ≥24 hours after the fever onset). Results Of the 171 malaria cases diagnosed during study period, the CCI was conducted in 157 (92%) cases. Of them, 127 (81%) cases reported delay in diagnosis, 138 (88%) cases were indigenous who got infection within the township and 13 (8%) were imported from outside the township. Malaria hotspots were found along the foothills with increase in cases during the rainy season. The indigenous cases were concentrated over the foothills in the northern and southern borders of Toungup township. Conclusion In the targeted townships for malaria elimination, the high proportion of the cases was indigenous and clustered at the foothill areas during rainy season. The programme should strengthen case surveillance and healthcare services in the areas with aggregation of cases to eliminate the malaria in the township. As high majority of patients have delayed diagnosis, the reasons for delay has to be explored and corrective measures needs to be taken.

scholarly journals Coverage and use of long-lasting insecticide treated nets in Kpone-on-Sea Township, Accra, Ghana: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Setsoafia T Dzata ◽  
Nathaniel Coleman ◽  
Isabella Quakyi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Long lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (LLINs) are currently one of the most viable options to prevent malaria transmission in Africa. In Ghana, the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) has embarked on a universal coverage strategy to ensure that all members of the population sleep under an LLIN regardless of age or sex. Objective:This study assessed the NMCP’s LLINs distribution and hanging campaign in Kpone–on–Sea Township. It sought to establish the coverage of LLINs in the community and its usage by children< 5 yr. old and in pregnant women. Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 400 households with heads of the households or their representatives as respondents. Data was collected through questionnaire interviews and observational checklists. Frequency tables were used to indicate proportions and Chi Square test for associations. Results: Of the 400 households (represented by a head of the household or an adult representative), 93.30% owned any type of mosquito net and 83.75% owned LLINs and 74.92% used it. Households with children less than 5 yr.old accounted for 69.25% regarding ownership and 69.40% regarding usage. LLINs possession by pregnant women was 84.80% whiles usage was 72.30%. The study also indicated that 73.70% of respondents had good knowledge of malaria, 21.30% had very good knowledge and 5.01% had low knowledge. Furthermore, 89.50% of the respondents had knowledge of LLINs. Conclusion: The general coverage of LLINs in the community was 83.75% and usage was 74.92% 7 mosafter a free distribution and hanging campaign. This provides a useful assessment of NMCP’s LLINs campaign in this community and suggests ways for improvement.

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine and artesunate–amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mali, 2015–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssouf Diarra ◽  
Oumar Koné ◽  
Lansana Sangaré ◽  
Lassina Doumbia ◽  
Dade Bouye Ben Haidara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background The current first-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria recommended by the National Malaria Control Programme in Mali are artemether–lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate–amodiaquine (ASAQ). From 2015 to 2016, an in vivo study was carried out to assess the clinical and parasitological responses to AL and ASAQ in Sélingué, Mali. Methods Children between 6 and 59 months of age with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection and 2000–200,000 asexual parasites/μL of blood were enrolled, randomly assigned to either AL or ASAQ, and followed up for 42 days. Uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacy results at days 28 and 42. were calculated. Known markers of resistance in the Pfk13, Pfmdr1, and Pfcrt genes were assessed using Sanger sequencing. Results A total of 449 patients were enrolled: 225 in the AL group and 224 in the ASAQ group. Uncorrected efficacy at day 28 was 83.4% (95% CI 78.5–88.4%) in the AL arm and 93.1% (95% CI 89.7–96.5%) in the ASAQ arm. The per protocol PCR-corrected efficacy at day 28 was 91.0% (86.0–95.9%) in the AL arm and 97.1% (93.6–100%) in the ASAQ arm. ASAQ was significantly (p < 0.05) better than AL for each of the aforementioned efficacy outcomes. No mutations associated with artemisinin resistance were identified in the Pfk13 gene. Overall, for Pfmdr1, the N86 allele and the NFD haplotype were the most common. The NFD haplotype was significantly more prevalent in the post-treatment than in the pre-treatment isolates in the AL arm (p < 0.01) but not in the ASAQ arm. For Pfcrt, the CVIET haplotype was the most common. Conclusions The findings indicate that both AL and ASAQ remain effective for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Sélingué, Mali.

scholarly journals Culture of Blame—An Ongoing Burden for Doctors and Patient Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ognjen Brborović ◽  
Hana Brborović ◽  
Iskra Alexandra Nola ◽  
Milan Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Patient Safety Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Shortage Of Doctors ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Every procedure in healthcare carries a certain degree of inherent unsafety resulting from problems in practice, which might lead to a healthcare adverse event (HAE). It is very important, and even mandatory, to report HAE. The point of HAE reporting is not to blame the person, but to learn from the HAE in order to prevent future HAEs. Study question: Our aim was to examine the prevalence and the impact of culture of blame on health workers’ health. Methods: A cross-sectional study on healthcare workers at two Croatian hospitals was conducted using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (PSC). Results: The majority of PSC dimensions in both hospitals were high. Among the dimensions, Hospital Handoffs and Transitions and Overall Perceptions of Safety had the highest values. The Nonpunitive Response to Error dimension had low values, indicating the ongoing culture of blame. The Staffing dimension had low values, indicating the ongoing shortage of doctors and nurses. Discussion: We found inconsistencies between a single-item measure and PSC dimensions. It was expected that Frequency of Events Reported (PSC dimension) relates to Number of Events Reported (single-item measure). However, in our study, the relations between these pairs of measures were different between hospitals. Our results indicate the ongoing culture of blame. Healthcare workers do not report HAE because they fear they will be punished by management or by law.

scholarly journals Spirometry practice and the impact of a phase 1 training workshop among health workers in southern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adaeze Ayuk ◽  
Chizalu Ndukwu ◽  
Samuel Uwaezuoke ◽  
Eno Ekop
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Global standards require that spirometry should be performed by trained and experienced personnel, who would be able to assess the correct performance of tests by patients and assure good quality of the result. The complete achievement of this requires a two-step assessment where competency in both knowledge and skills are tested. This study aims to assess the impact of a one-day hands-on spirometry training (Phase1), on the knowledge and application of spirometry among health workers. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which describes a one-day (seven hours) spirometry training and skills impartation done at two conference city locations in Enugu and Calabar in the southern part of Nigeria. All the verbally consenting attendees who completed the training assessment tests constituted the study population. The assessment of the spirometry knowledge base before and after the theory and practical sessions, on the various aspects of spirometry, according to international best practices, quality assurance and the interpretation of results, was done and the outcome was analyzed. Factors that could affect the outcome were also assessed. Results There were 64 consenting participants of whom 54.7% (35/64) were females. Theparticipants demonstrated much improved post-intervention knowledge and could satisfactorily perform spirometry, calibration, interpretation of test results and quality control as evidenced by the post test scores after practical sessions were conducted. Pre-test mean scores improved by a mean difference of 12% (p < 001) and were affected by the year of academic graduation and availability of spirometers at the place of work, an effect that was no longer seen at post-test following the hands-on spirometry training. Conclusion The present study has shown that a one-day spirometry workshop significantly improved the knowledge of spirometry practice. There is need to set up more frequent locally-organized spirometry workshops since a one-day seven-hour effective knowledge and practical training would most likely have significant impact on participants’ spirometry practice with its expected positive outcome on respiratory health in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Study on the Acceptance of Contraceptive Devices Among Married Female Workers of a Garments Factory of Dhaka City

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Mahjabeen Sultana Begum ◽  
Md Altaf Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Desired Family Size ◽  
Married Female ◽  
The Impact

Over the last decade, the number of garments factories in Bangladesh had increased and employed around 1.5 million women, most of them in their reproductive age, therefore, desired family size and child spacing influenced contraceptive prevalence among the married women.This cross sectional study was conducted in Chancellor Garments Factory, Rayer Bazar, Dhaka, to find out the acceptance of contraceptive methods among the married female workers.Out of 121 workers interviewed, the knowledge of respondents on contraceptive methods was found adequate in 83.47%, some knowledge in 15.70% and no knowledge in 0.83%. 27.5% respondents acquired their knowledge from clinics and 25.83% from health workers. Only 13.22% respondents had the knowledge on non contraceptive uses of condom and 50% of them got this knowledge from radio and television. Of the 88.43% respondents who used contraceptive devices, maximum number used oral pill (57.94%) and only 0.93% used condom. Among the non users of contraceptive methods, 28.56% did not use because their husbands did not agree. Among the contraceptive users, 90.65% had consent of both the partners and 2.8% had the desire of their husbands only.Low income, lack of motivation by health workers, lack of information on contraception, less accessibility and availability of devices, cost of the devices, side effects, misconception, etc. have the impact on the contraceptive acceptance among the female garments workers. Key words: Married female workers, Garments factory, Acceptance of contraceptive method. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v24i1.5731Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 24(1&2) : 10-13

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of supervised anti-malarial treatment on recurrences of Plasmodium vivax malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelry Mazurega Oliveira Dinelly ◽  
Sheila Vitor-Silva ◽  
Jose Diego Brito-Sousa ◽  
Vanderson Souza Sampaio ◽  
Milena Gabriela Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
National Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
The Real ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

Abstract Background Relapses in vivax malaria have posed great challenges for malaria control, and they also account for a great proportion of reported cases. Knowing the real effectiveness of a 7-day primaquine (PQ) scheme is crucial in order to evaluate not only the cost-effectiveness of implementing new anti-hypnozoite drugs, but also how health education strategies can guarantee better compliance and be reinforced. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of daily treatment with chloroquine and PQ supervised by health workers versus prescription without supervision. Methods The outcome was the passive detection of new positive thick blood smears up to 180 days, based on the official data records from the National Malaria Control Programme. The recurrences seen in the real life were, therefore, used as a surrogate for true relapses. Results Patients under supervised treatment had a lower risk of recurrence up to day 180 when compared to the unsupervised treatment (17.9% vs. 36.1%; p = 0.027). Conclusions The lack of supervision in the non-supervised group (which followed standard of care in the real life) enabled proper comparison, as consent itself would have lead to greater compliance in this group. Future studies should scale such an analysis to different settings in the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals Training Needs of Community Health Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Texas: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Byrd-Williams ◽  
Mollie Ewing ◽  
E. Lee Rosenthal ◽  
Julie Ann St. John ◽  
Paige Menking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has required the professional healthcare workforce not only to adjust methods of delivering care safely but also act as a trusted sources of information during a time of uncertainty and rapid research and discovery. The Community Health Worker COVID-19 Impact Survey is a cross-sectional study developed to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on this sector of the healthcare workforce, including training needs of those working through the pandemic. The survey was distributed in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. This study focuses on Texas, and the data presented (n = 693) is a sub-set of qualitative data from the larger survey. Results of the content analysis described in this paper are intended to inform current COVID-19-related CHW training curriculum, in addition to future infectious disease prevention and preparedness response trainings.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF STRESS AMONG COVID 19 HEALTH WORKERS IN KABWE DISTRICT: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah L. Mukwasa ◽  
Emmy Nkhama ◽  
Mowa Zambwe ◽  
Richard Mutemwa ◽  
Peter J. Chipimo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aimed at determining the magnitude of stress among COVID 19 health workers in Kabwe district. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional study which recruited 138 health care workers managing COVID 19 cases in Kabwe. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 while qualitative data was analyzed using Nvivo8. RESULTS The study obtained 100% responses from the respondents and the prevalence of stress among the respondents was 73%. The nurses were more perceived to experience stress compared to the pharmacy personnel (28% vs. 3%). Similarly, women displayed a higher likelihood of experiencing stress compared to men. Lack of support, increased workload and fear were among the factors leading to stress. CONCLUSION The study went out to determine stress among healthcare workers in Kabwe district. It was established that nurses were more vulnerable than groups. And women were found to be more stressed than men. It is therefore recommended that effective and meaningful interventions be put in place to mitigate the impact of long-term psychological distress and physical well-being in healthcare workers during the COVID 19 pandemic and future outbreaks.

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