scholarly journals An Evaluation of Excellence in Primary Healthcare Units After Introduction of a Performance Management Innovation in Two Regional States of Ethiopia: A Facility Based Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubishet Kebede Heyi ◽  
Elias Mamo Gurmamo ◽  
Amare Assefa Arena ◽  
Agegnehu Gebru Sendeku ◽  
Abera Refissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
T Test ◽  
Management Innovation ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The Ethiopian Ministry of Health strives to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) through increasing the number of its high-performing primary healthcare units. Although the Ethiopian health system is managed within a decentralized political system, the Ministry of Health works towards institutionalizing performance management innovations and organizational cultures that increase the excellence of primary healthcare entities. To date, there has been little evidence gathered on the factors influencing the excellence of primary healthcare units in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare how the introduction of performance management and organizational culture innovations through project support affect the excellence of primary healthcare units in Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based comparative study was conducted in USAID Transform: Primary Health Care project supported, and non-supported primary healthcare units located in the Oromia and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected from randomly selected health workers using interviewer-administered questionnaires. In addition, primary healthcare unit excellence measurements were extracted from routine health information databases over eight quarters. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS IBM v 20) research software package. Results were presented in frequency tables and graphs. After checking the data for homogeneous distribution, a paired sample t-test for equal variances otherwise a Mann-Whitney U test was analyzed to claim statistically significant difference at P<0.05. Results Out of 368 invited health workers, 364 (a response rate of 98.9%) participated in this study. Slightly higher than two-thirds of participants were enrolled from the Jimma Zone of Oromia Region. Orientations on performance management standards were provided to 101 (68.2%) and 45 (48.3%) health workers from project-supported and non-supported facilities, respectively. The mean perceived organizational culture score with [±Standard Deviation (SD)] was 3.72 ± 0.75 among project-supported health workers and 3.385 ± 0.75 among non-supported health workers, respectively. An independent sample t-test showed statistically significant differences, where project-supported health workers had higher mean scores on perceived organizational culture than their non-supported counterparts, with t=433, df=362, P=0.001. The mean baseline primary healthcare unit excellence score was 63.2% and 50.5% for project-supported and non-supported health facilities, respectively. The end line excellence scores were increased to 93.3% for project-supported and 79.1% for non-supported facilities. The end line overall primary healthcare units’ mean rank excellence scores were 257.67 for the project supported and 105.66 for non-project supported facilities. This result of a non-parametric test called the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that project-supported facilities were higher and had a positive statistically significant difference (U=2,728, z=-13.78, P=0.001). Conclusions The findings of this study underscore a direct relationship between implementing performance management innovations and enhancing organizational cultures with excellence at primary healthcare units. Project-supported primary healthcare units had a higher organizational culture and excellence scores than their counterpart non-supported facilities. Therefore, achieving UHC through excellence in primary healthcare facilities requires scaling up of performance management innovation interventions.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON INTROVERT AND EXTROVERT STUDENTS PERSONALITY IN ENGLISH LISTENING SCORES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Yessi Travolta ◽  
Mulyadi . ◽  
Imranuddin .
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
English Education ◽  
T Test ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Independent Group ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Study ◽  
The Mean

The objectives of this research were to investigate whether there were any significant differences between introvert and extrovert students on their listening score and to find out which of the students who have better in English listening scores. This research was a descriptive comparative research. The samples of this research were 66 students consisting of 33 introvert students and 33 extrovert students at the fourth semester students of English education study program in Bengkulu University. The instruments of this research were personality questionnaire by Laney (2002) was used to determine the introvert and extrovert personality, and TOEIC Listening simulation was used to find out the students’ listening scores. The researcher used SPSS Independent Group t-test with significant level 0.05. The result of the analysis indicated that Sig. P (2-tailed) was 0.003 > 0.05. Furthermore, the computation showed that the mean score of introvert was 364.39, and the mean score of extrovert was 322.12. Therefore, the mean score of introvert group was higher than extrovert group. It could be concluded that the results of the research were: (1) There was significant difference between introvert and extrovert students on their English listening scores, (2) The introvert students have better in English listening score than the extrovert students.

scholarly journals Mental Health among Joint and Separate Family’s Women: A Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahir Archana P
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between joint family and separate family’s women in mental health. The total sample consisted 60 women were taken. The research tool for mental health was measured by Dr. Jagdish and Dr. A. K. Srivastava. Here ‘t’ test was applied to check the significance of mental health in joint and separate family’s women. Result shows that significant difference between joint and separate family’s women in mental health.

scholarly journals Death Anxiety among Handicapped and Normal Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. D. A. Dadhania
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women

The present study is main aim was to comparative study of death anxiety among handicapped and normal women. The study was conducted on a sample consisted of 90 people out which 45 were handicapped women and 45 normal women in Jamnagar city (Gujarat). Collected data from the women as Death Anxiety scale – by Prof. K. D. Broata. The obtained data were analyzed though „t‟ test to know the mean difference between the two groups handicapped women and normal women. The results show that there is significant difference in the death anxiety level of the normal women and handicapped women.

scholarly journals Suicide Tendency among Widow and Non Widow Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. D. A. Dadhania
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Purpose of this research is to comparative study of suicide tendency among widow and non widow women. The sample consisted of 80 women out which 40 were widow women and 40 non widow women. Collected data from the women as suicide tendency scale of Dr. R. G. Meghnathi. The obtained data were analyzed though “t” test to know the mean difference between the two groups widow women and non widow women in Rajkot city (Gujarat). The results show that there is significant difference in the suicide tendency level of the widow women and non widow women.

scholarly journals Pattern of symptom improvement following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma S. Al Sharhan ◽  
Mohammed H. Al Bar ◽  
Shahad Y. Assiri ◽  
Assayl R. AlOtiabi ◽  
Deemah M. Bin-Nooh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
T Test ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Snot 22

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Intractable CRS cases are generally treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although the effect of ESS on CRS symptoms has been studied, the pattern of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS is yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and sequence of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS, and to assess the possible preoperative factors that predict surgical outcomes in CRS patients. Methods This was a longitudinal prospective study of 68 patients who had CRS (with or without nasal polyps). The patients underwent ESS at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire was used for assessment at four time points during the study: pre-ESS, 1-week post-ESS, 4 weeks post-ESS, and 6 months post-ESS. Results The difference between the mean scores recorded for the five SNOT-22 domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS were as follows: rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 7.22, p-value =  < 0.001); extra-nasal rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 4.87, p-value =  < 0.001); ear/facial symptoms (t-test = 6.34, p-value =  < 0.001); psychological dysfunction (t-test = 1.99, p-value = 0.049); and sleep dysfunction (t-test = 5.58, p-value =  < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean scores recorded for the five domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS. Rhinologic symptoms had the largest effect size (d = 1.12), whereas psychological dysfunction had the least effect size (d = 0.24). The only statistically significant difference in the SNOT-22 mean scores recorded 4 weeks post-ESS was observed between allergic and non-allergic patients (t = − 2.16, df = 66, p = 0.035). Conclusion Understanding the pattern of symptom improvement following ESS for CRS will facilitate patient counselling and aid the optimization of the current treatment protocols to maximize surgical outcomes and quality of life. Level of evidence Prospective observational.

scholarly journals AB0100 EVALUATION OF PGA LEVEL FOR CLINICAL REMISSION WITH BOOLEAN CRITERIA, 10MM OR 20MM?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1078.1-1079
Author(s):  
I. Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Remission Criteria ◽  
The Mean

Background:Patient’s global assessment (PGA) is one important component of Boolean composite criteria for remission in treat with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, PGA no more than 10mm is sometimes obstacle to attain clinical remission. In recent few years, one opinion that PGA no more than 20mm may be comparable as no more than 10mm.Objectives:The aim of this study is to analyze how difference of these PGA level affect disease activity and daily activities in living, and evaluate which is optimal for the remission with Boolean remission criteria from real world setting.Methods:RA patients who were followed up for more than three years in the institute were picked up in the study. Each patient was monitored with tenderness joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), PGA, evaluator’s global assessment (EGA), serum C-reactive protein level (CRP), calculated disease activity score with simplified disease activity index(SDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS) every consulted time from the first encounter (Baseline). Patients were classified according to achievement of Boolean remission criteria. Group 1: a patient group who attained Boolean remission wih TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦1 (G-1), Group 2: a patient group who could not attained the Boolean remission used in the G-1 evaluation, but could attained another Boolean remission with TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦2 (G-2), and Group 3: a patient group who could not attain Boolean remission for neither criterion.Mean values of measured parameters at Baseline and after the Baseline were compared statistically with Student T-test. Mean values of the same parameters in the G-1 and G-2 at the time of attain Boolean remission for each criteria, mean values of each of these parameters thereafter, and changes of these parameters were compared statistically with Student T-test.Results:A total of 438 patients 385 in the G-1 group, 16 in the G-2 group, and 37 in the G-3 group, were recruited. In parameters at Baseline, level of TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, SDAI, and HAQ-DI in the G-1 was significantly lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant differences in any parameters demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. Level of HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS after Baseline in the G-1 was lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant difference of these parameters after Baseline demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. TJC, SJC, PGA, and EGA demonstrated significant less level in the G-1 than in the other two groups. The mean SDAI score at the time of first achievement of Boolean remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 1.08 and 2.57, respectively. The mean value of SDAI score after remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 3.35 and 6.44, respectively. These values and PS-VAS including change of the SDAI score demonstrated significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01), whereas HAQ-DI in the two groups demonstrated no significant difference.Conclusion:These results suggested that setting PGA as no more than 10mm should be reasonable for the evaluation of clinical remission with the Boolean criteria.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Coblation Adenoidectomy and Regular Curettage Adenoidectomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (41) ◽  
pp. 3559-3566
Author(s):  
Abdul Salam R. T. ◽  
Shahul Hameed A. ◽  
Meera Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Adenoid Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tube Function ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND An ideal surgery to remove hypertrophied adenoid mass should be safe, with less bleeding and operation time along with post-operative improvement in the eustachian tubal ventilation and normal respiration. It should also have low morbidity and mortality. Among the various methods described for its removal, the two commonly used methods are conventional cold curettage method and coblation technique. The purpose of this study was to collate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic coblation adenoidectomy with the conventional curettage adenoidectomy. METHODS A prospective comparative study with fifty patients was studied who underwent adenoidectomy. Twenty five patients underwent endoscopy assisted coblation adenoidectomy and twenty five patients underwent regular adenoidectomy by curettage. RESULTS Patients who underwent coblation adenoidectomy showed better results during follow up in terms of completeness of removal. 80 % of children undergoing regular adenoidectomy by curettage method showed remnant adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx at the end of the procedure. But it was 6 % among the children undergoing endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy. The mean duration of operation was higher for endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy which was significant statistically. The mean blood loss was 30.36 ml in regular curettage adenoidectomy; 10.6 ml with endoscopic coblation adenoidectomy. The grading of pain was significantly lower in endoscopic assisted coblation adenoidectomy. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of eustachian tube function after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Coblation adenoidectomy has significant advantages over conventional adenoidectomy in terms of completeness of removal, reduced blood loss, and lower post-operative pain grade. KEYWORDS Coblation, Adenoidectomy, Curettage, Haemorrhage and Complications

A comparative study on the nursery culture of hatchery-reared sub-adult cupped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932), in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Premwadee Chueachat ◽  
Woraporn Tarangkoon ◽  
Suwat Tanyaros
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Oyster ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A comparative study on the nursery culture of the spat of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei, in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal was conducted over two months. The results revealed no differences in the absolute growth rate determined by shell width between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). Sub-adult oysters cultured in the mangrove canal showed a higher absolute growth rate in shell length and a higher daily growth rate than the oysters cultured in the earthen pond (P < 0.05). The mean survival rate of sub-adult oysters cultured in the earthen pond (99.8 ± 0.2%) was significantly higher than for those cultured in the mangrove canal (66.7 ± 31.4%). Decreased density from the loss of sub-adult oyster nursery culture in the mangrove canal led to higher growth performance than in the earthen pond. However, no difference was found for the fraction of oysters larger or smaller than 5 cm for the two culture sites (P < 0.05). A significant difference was noted in the Condition Index (CI) between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). The high primary productivity in mangroves is a major supporter of higher CI in sub-adult oysters cultured in mangrove canals versus in earthen ponds. Water exchange in the earthen pond to maintain calcium and magnesium concentrations resulted in no differences in the shell compressibility of sub-adult oysters compared with those cultured in the mangrove canal.

Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3780-3784
Author(s):  
P.Vani ◽  
◽  
Sharan B Singh M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Surgical Mask on Setup Error in Head and Neck Radiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382097402
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
Pingping Ma ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xueyan Wei ◽  
Xiaoping Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
T Test ◽  
Setup Error ◽  
Setup Errors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Head And Neck Radiotherapy ◽  
Head Neck

Purpose: With the widespread prevalence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), cancer patients are suggested to wear a surgical mask during radiation treatment. In this study, cone beam CT (CBCT) was used to investigate the effect of surgical mask on setup errors in head and neck radiotherapy. Methods: A total of 91 patients with head and neck tumors were selected. CBCT was performed to localize target volume after patient set up. The images obtained by CBCT before treatment were automatically registered with CT images and manually fine-tuned. The setup errors of patients in 6 directions of Vrt, Lng, Lat, Pitch, Roll and Rotation were recorded. The patients were divided into groups according to whether they wore the surgical mask, the type of immobilization mask used and the location of the isocenter. The setup errors of patients were calculated. A t-test was performed to detect whether it was statistically significant. Results: In the 4 groups, the standard deviation in the directions of Lng and Pitch of the with surgical mask group were all higher than that in the without surgical mask group. In the head-neck-shoulder mask group, the mean in the Lng direction of the with surgical mask group was larger than that of the without surgical mask group. In the lateral isocenter group, the mean in the Lng and Pitch directions of the with surgical mask group were larger than that of the without surgical mask group. The t-test results showed that there was significant difference in the setup error between the 2 groups ( p = 0.043 and p = 0.013, respectively) only in the Lng and Pitch directions of the head-neck-shoulder mask group. In addition, the setup error of 6 patients with immobilization open masks exhibited no distinguished difference from that of the patients with regular immobilization masks. Conclusion: In the head and neck radiotherapy patients, the setup error was affected by wearing surgical mask. It is recommended that the immobilization open mask should be used when the patient cannot finish the whole treatment with a surgical mask.

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