Effect of Surgical Mask on Setup Error in Head and Neck Radiotherapy

Purpose: With the widespread prevalence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), cancer patients are suggested to wear a surgical mask during radiation treatment. In this study, cone beam CT (CBCT) was used to investigate the effect of surgical mask on setup errors in head and neck radiotherapy. Methods: A total of 91 patients with head and neck tumors were selected. CBCT was performed to localize target volume after patient set up. The images obtained by CBCT before treatment were automatically registered with CT images and manually fine-tuned. The setup errors of patients in 6 directions of Vrt, Lng, Lat, Pitch, Roll and Rotation were recorded. The patients were divided into groups according to whether they wore the surgical mask, the type of immobilization mask used and the location of the isocenter. The setup errors of patients were calculated. A t-test was performed to detect whether it was statistically significant. Results: In the 4 groups, the standard deviation in the directions of Lng and Pitch of the with surgical mask group were all higher than that in the without surgical mask group. In the head-neck-shoulder mask group, the mean in the Lng direction of the with surgical mask group was larger than that of the without surgical mask group. In the lateral isocenter group, the mean in the Lng and Pitch directions of the with surgical mask group were larger than that of the without surgical mask group. The t-test results showed that there was significant difference in the setup error between the 2 groups ( p = 0.043 and p = 0.013, respectively) only in the Lng and Pitch directions of the head-neck-shoulder mask group. In addition, the setup error of 6 patients with immobilization open masks exhibited no distinguished difference from that of the patients with regular immobilization masks. Conclusion: In the head and neck radiotherapy patients, the setup error was affected by wearing surgical mask. It is recommended that the immobilization open mask should be used when the patient cannot finish the whole treatment with a surgical mask.

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CBCT image guidance in head and neck irradiation: the impact of daily and weekly imaging protocols

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396915000266 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 362-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Innocencia Nyarambi ◽

Crispen Chamunyonga ◽

Andrew Pearce

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Target Volume ◽

Setup Error ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Imaging Protocol ◽

Setup Errors ◽

Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the impact of a daily and weekly image-guided radiotherapy protocols in reducing setup errors and setting of appropriate margins in head and neck cancer patients.Materials and methodsInterfraction and systematic shifts for the hypothetical day 1–3 plus weekly imaging were extrapolated from daily imaging data from 31 patients (964 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans). In addition, residual setup errors were calculated by taking the average shifts in each direction for each patient based on the first three shifts and were presumed to represent systematic setup error. The clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated using van Herk formula and analysed for each protocol.ResultsThe mean interfraction shifts for daily imaging were 0·8, 0·3 and 0·5 mm in the S-I (superior-inferior), L-R (left-right) and A-P (anterior-posterior) direction, respectively. On the other hand the mean shifts for day 1–3 plus weekly imaging were 0·9, 1·8 and 0·5 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P direction, respectively. The mean day 1–3 residual shifts were 1·5, 2·1 and 0·7 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P direction, respectively. No significant difference was found in the mean setup error for the daily and hypothetical day 1–3 plus weekly protocol. However, the calculated CTV to PTV margins for the daily interfraction imaging data were 1·6, 3·8 and 1·4 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P directions, respectively. Hypothetical day 1–3 plus weekly resulted in CTV–PTV margins of 5, 4·2 and 5 mm in the S-I, L-R and A-P direction.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that a daily CBCT protocol reduces setup errors and allows setup margin reduction in head and neck radiotherapy compared to a weekly imaging protocol.

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Evaluation of interfraction patient setup errors for image-guided prostate and head-and-neck radiotherapy using kilovoltage cone beam and megavoltage fan beam computed tomography

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396912000337 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 334-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

X. Sharon Qi ◽

Sutan Wu ◽

Francis Newman ◽

X. Allen Li ◽

Angie Y. Hu

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Target Volume ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Setup Errors ◽

Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽

Image Guided ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Late Stages ◽

Head And Neck Radiotherapy

AbstractPurposeTo analyse interfraction setup using two different image guidance modalities for prostate and head-and-neck (H&N) cancer treatment.Materials and methodsSeventy-two prostate and 60 H&N cancer patients, imaged with kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (KVCBCT) or megavoltage fan beam computed tomography (MVFBCT), were studied retrospectively. The daily displacements in mediolateral (ML), craniocaudal (CC) and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions were investigated. The setup errors were calculated to determine the clinical target volume to planning target volume (CTV-to-PTV) margins.ResultsBased on 1,606 KVCBCT and 2,054 MVFBCT scans, average interfraction shifts in ML, CC and AP direction for H&N cases were 0·5 ± 1·5, −0·3 ± 2·0, 0·3 ± 1·7 mm using KVCBCT, 0·2 ± 1·9, −0·2 ± 2·4 and 0·0 ± 1·7 mm using MVFBCT. For prostate cases, average interfraction displacements were −0·3 ± 3·9, 0·2 ± 2·4, 0·4 ± 3·8 mm for MVFBCT and −0·2 ± 2·7, −0·6 ± 2·9, −0·5 ± 3·4 mm for KVCBCT. The calculated CTV-to-PTV margins, if determined by image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) data, were 5·6 mm (H&N) and 7·8 mm (prostate) for MVFBCT, compared with 4·8 mm and 7·2 mm for KVCBCT. We observed no statistically significant difference in daily repositioning using KVCBCT and MVFBCT in early, middle and late stages of the treatment course.ConclusionIn the absence of IGRT, the CTV-to-PTV margin determined using IGRT data, may be varied for different imaging modalities for prostate and H&N irradiation.

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Pattern of symptom improvement following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

BMC Surgery ◽

10.1186/s12893-021-01269-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Salma S. Al Sharhan ◽

Mohammed H. Al Bar ◽

Shahad Y. Assiri ◽

Assayl R. AlOtiabi ◽

Deemah M. Bin-Nooh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽

T Test ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

P Value ◽

Psychological Dysfunction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Snot 22

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Intractable CRS cases are generally treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although the effect of ESS on CRS symptoms has been studied, the pattern of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS is yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and sequence of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS, and to assess the possible preoperative factors that predict surgical outcomes in CRS patients. Methods This was a longitudinal prospective study of 68 patients who had CRS (with or without nasal polyps). The patients underwent ESS at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire was used for assessment at four time points during the study: pre-ESS, 1-week post-ESS, 4 weeks post-ESS, and 6 months post-ESS. Results The difference between the mean scores recorded for the five SNOT-22 domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS were as follows: rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 7.22, p-value = < 0.001); extra-nasal rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 4.87, p-value = < 0.001); ear/facial symptoms (t-test = 6.34, p-value = < 0.001); psychological dysfunction (t-test = 1.99, p-value = 0.049); and sleep dysfunction (t-test = 5.58, p-value = < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean scores recorded for the five domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS. Rhinologic symptoms had the largest effect size (d = 1.12), whereas psychological dysfunction had the least effect size (d = 0.24). The only statistically significant difference in the SNOT-22 mean scores recorded 4 weeks post-ESS was observed between allergic and non-allergic patients (t = − 2.16, df = 66, p = 0.035). Conclusion Understanding the pattern of symptom improvement following ESS for CRS will facilitate patient counselling and aid the optimization of the current treatment protocols to maximize surgical outcomes and quality of life. Level of evidence Prospective observational.

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AB0100 EVALUATION OF PGA LEVEL FOR CLINICAL REMISSION WITH BOOLEAN CRITERIA, 10MM OR 20MM?

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1078.1-1079

Author(s):

I. Yoshii

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Patient Group ◽

Clinical Remission ◽

Global Assessment ◽

Activity Index ◽

T Test ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Remission Criteria ◽

The Mean

Background:Patient’s global assessment (PGA) is one important component of Boolean composite criteria for remission in treat with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, PGA no more than 10mm is sometimes obstacle to attain clinical remission. In recent few years, one opinion that PGA no more than 20mm may be comparable as no more than 10mm.Objectives:The aim of this study is to analyze how difference of these PGA level affect disease activity and daily activities in living, and evaluate which is optimal for the remission with Boolean remission criteria from real world setting.Methods:RA patients who were followed up for more than three years in the institute were picked up in the study. Each patient was monitored with tenderness joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), PGA, evaluator’s global assessment (EGA), serum C-reactive protein level (CRP), calculated disease activity score with simplified disease activity index(SDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS) every consulted time from the first encounter (Baseline). Patients were classified according to achievement of Boolean remission criteria. Group 1: a patient group who attained Boolean remission wih TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦1 (G-1), Group 2: a patient group who could not attained the Boolean remission used in the G-1 evaluation, but could attained another Boolean remission with TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦2 (G-2), and Group 3: a patient group who could not attain Boolean remission for neither criterion.Mean values of measured parameters at Baseline and after the Baseline were compared statistically with Student T-test. Mean values of the same parameters in the G-1 and G-2 at the time of attain Boolean remission for each criteria, mean values of each of these parameters thereafter, and changes of these parameters were compared statistically with Student T-test.Results:A total of 438 patients 385 in the G-1 group, 16 in the G-2 group, and 37 in the G-3 group, were recruited. In parameters at Baseline, level of TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, SDAI, and HAQ-DI in the G-1 was significantly lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant differences in any parameters demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. Level of HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS after Baseline in the G-1 was lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant difference of these parameters after Baseline demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. TJC, SJC, PGA, and EGA demonstrated significant less level in the G-1 than in the other two groups. The mean SDAI score at the time of first achievement of Boolean remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 1.08 and 2.57, respectively. The mean value of SDAI score after remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 3.35 and 6.44, respectively. These values and PS-VAS including change of the SDAI score demonstrated significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01), whereas HAQ-DI in the two groups demonstrated no significant difference.Conclusion:These results suggested that setting PGA as no more than 10mm should be reasonable for the evaluation of clinical remission with the Boolean criteria.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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EPID-22. CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED MENINGIOMAS IN A BRAIN TUMOR DATABASE

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii83-ii83

Author(s):

Nilan Vaghjiani ◽

Andrew Schwieder ◽

Sravya Uppalapati ◽

Zachary Kons ◽

Elizabeth Kazarian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Brain Tumor ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Latency Period ◽

Data Set ◽

Who Grade ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Grade Ii ◽

The Mean

Abstract PURPOSE Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs) are associated with previous exposure to therapeutic irradiation. RIMs are rare and have not been well characterized relative to spontaneous meningiomas (SMs). METHODS 1003 patients with proven or presumed meningiomas were identified from the VCU brain tumor database. Chart review classified RIM patients and their characteristics. RESULTS Of the 1003 total patients, 76.47% were female with a mean ± SD age of 67.55 ± 15.50 years. 15 RIM patients were identified (66.67% female), with a mean ± SD age of 52.67 ± 15.46 years, 5 were African American and 10 were Caucasian. The incidence of RIMs was 1.49% in our data set. The mean age at diagnosis was 43.27 ± 15.06 years. The mean latency was 356.27 ± 116.96 months. The mean initiating dose was 44.28 ± 14.68 Gy. There was a significant difference between mean latency period and ethnicity, 258.3 months for African American population, and 405.2 months for Caucasian population (p = 0.003). There was a significant difference between the mean number of lesions in females (2.8) versus males (1.2; p = 0.046). Of the RIMs with characterized histology, 6 (55%) were WHO grade II and 5 (45%) were WHO grade I, demonstrating a prevalence of grade II tumors approximately double that found with SMs. RIMs were treated with combinations of observation, surgery, radiation, and medical therapy. Of the 8 patients treated with radiation, 4 demonstrated response. 8 of the 15 patients (53%) demonstrated recurrence/progression despite treatment. CONCLUSION RIMs are important because of the associated higher grade histology, gender, and ethnic incidences, and increased recurrence/progression compared to SMs. Despite the presumed contributory role of prior radiation, RIMs demonstrate a significant rate of responsiveness to radiation treatment.

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Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijpr.2021.101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3780-3784

Author(s):

P.Vani ◽

◽

Sharan B Singh M ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

T Test ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Functions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Function Tests ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

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TOP-PRO study: A randomized double-blind controlled trial of topiramate versus propranolol for prevention of chronic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/03331024211047454 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 033310242110474

Author(s):

Debashish Chowdhury ◽

Luv Bansal ◽

Ashish Duggal ◽

Debabrata Datta ◽

Ankit Mundra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Chronic Migraine ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Tolerability Profile ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective The aim of the TOP-PRO-study, a double-blind randomized controlled trial, was to assess the efficacy (non-inferiority) and tolerability of propranolol compared to topiramate for the prevention of chronic migraine. Background Except for topiramate, oral preventive treatment for chronic migraine lacks credible evidence. Methods Chronic migraine patients aged above 18 years and less than 65 years of age, not on any preventive treatment were randomly allocated to receive topiramate (100 mg/day) or propranolol (160 mg/day). The primary efficacy outcome was the mean change in migraine days per 28 days at the end of 24 weeks from baseline. A mean difference of 1.5 days per four weeks was chosen as the cut-off delta value. Multiple secondary efficacy outcomes and treatment emergent adverse events were also assessed. Results As against the planned sample size of 244, only 175 patients could be enrolled before the spread of the corona virus disease-2019 pandemic and enforcement of lockdown in India. Of the 175 randomized patients, 95 (topiramate 46 and propranolol 49) completed the trial. The mean change in migraine days was −5.3 ± 1.2 vs −7.3 ± 1.1 days (p = 0.226) for topiramate and propranolol groups respectively. Propranolol was found to be non-inferior and not superior to topiramate (point estimate of −1.99 with a 95% confidence interval of −5.23 to 1.25 days). Multiple secondary outcomes also did not differ between the two groups. Intention to treat analysis of 175 patients and per-protocol analysis of 95 patients yielded concordant results. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion Propranolol (160mg/day) was non-inferior, non-superior to topiramate (100mg/day) for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine and had a comparable tolerability profile. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2019/05/018997)

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Assessment of decrease in renal function associated with hypothyroidism

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 275-286

Author(s):

Ayesha Ammar ◽

Kahkashan Bashir Mir ◽

Sadaf Batool ◽

Noreen Marwat ◽

Maryam Saeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Confidence Intervals ◽

Standard Error ◽

Radioactive Iodine ◽

T Test ◽

Euthyroid State ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective: Study was aimed to see the effects of hypothyroidism on GFR as a renal function. Material and methods: Total of Fifty-eight patients were included in the study. Out of those forty-eight patients were female and the rest were male. Out of fifty eight patients, fifty three patients were of thyroid cancer in which hypothyroidism was due to discontinuation of thyroxine before the administration of radioactive iodine for Differentiated thyroid cancer.Moreover, remaining five patients were post radioactive iodine treatment (for hyperthyroidism) hypothyroid. All of the patients were above eighteen years of age with TSH value > 30µIU/ml. Pregnant and lactating females were excluded.Renal function tests (urea/creatinine, creatinine clearance) and serum electrolytes followed by Tc-99m-DTPA renal scan for GFR assessment (GATES’ method) were carried out in all subjects twice during the study, One study during hypothyroid state (TSH > 30 µIU/ml) and other during euthyroid state (TSH between 0.4 to 4µ IU/ml). The results of Student’s t-test showed significant difference in renal functions (Urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, GFR values) in euthyroid state and hypothyroid state (p-value <0.05). RESULTS: In case of creatinine the paired t test reveal the mean 1.014±0.428, with standard error of 0.669 within 95% confidence interval, for creatinine clearance 80.11±14.12 with standard error of 1.94 within 95% confidence intervals, for urea the mean 28±12.13 with standard error of 1.607 within 95% confidence intervals and for GFR for individual kidney is 38.056±8.56 with standard error of 1.3717 within 95% confidence interval. There was no difference in the outcome of the 2 groups. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism impairs renal function to a significant level and hence needs to be prevented and corrected as early as possible.

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Text-based Character in Teaching Reading: Do Students Can Achieve Significant Result in Reading Test?

Utamax : Journal of Ultimate Research and Trends in Education ◽

10.31849/utamax.v3i1.5629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Hasan Hasan ◽

Andi Sadapotto ◽

Muhammad Hanafi ◽

Usman Usman

Keyword(s):

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

T Test ◽

Reading Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Good Classification ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

This quasi-experimental study involves the experimental and control group which consist of 60 students in first year of SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang 2019/2020 academic year. The reading test is used to collect data to find out do the students can achieve significant result in reading test using Text-based Character. Based on the result the mean score of the experimental group pre-test was 72.67 and classified into good classification, while the control group was 69.63 classified into good. The mean score of the post-test after treatment for the experimental group was 82.43 (very good) while the control group was 76.53, (good) classification still. The researcher found that the T-table is higher than the t-test (α) (1.659<2.021). It means that there is a significant difference in the pre-test of the control and experimental group, while in post-test of an experimental and control group, the researcher finds that the T-test is higher than the alpha and previous score in the the pre-test (α) (3.089>2.021). The degree of freedom is 58. This study reveals that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. This is means that the use of Text-based Characters can improves students' reading skills in significant way.

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A comparison between orthodontic model analysis using conventional methods and iModelAnalysis

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p173-178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Vita Previa Indirayana ◽

Gita Gayatri ◽

N. R. Yuliawati Zenab

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Model Analysis ◽

T Test ◽

Normality Test ◽

Time Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Dental Casts

Background: Model analysis constitutes an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnostic practice. Pavan has developed an application to simplify the mathematical calculations employed in orthodontic model analysis. Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain the differences in results and time periods of model analysis using conventional means and iModelAnalysis. Methods: The research represented a comparative analytic study. The populations comprised dental casts dating from 2014 in the Orthodontics Laboratory of Padjadjaran University. The samples comprised 31 dental casts which were subjected to a total sampling method consisting of two treatments; a conventional method calculation and one using iModelAnalysis. A normality test was conducted and processed using a paired t-test with α=0.05. Results: The means of arch length discrepancies were 1.64±2.63 mm and 1.37±3.07 mm for the conventional methods and 1.65±2.43mm and 1.42±3.04mm for iModelAnalysis. The results of a Bolton analysis for conventional methods were 78.05±2.69% and 91.93±1.29%, while those for iModelAnalysis were 77.91±2.70% and 91.96±2.13%. A Howes analysis of conventional methods produced a result of 45.56±2.83%, while for an iModelAnalysis one of 45.56±2.85%. Pont analysis for conventional methods was 39.35±0.04 mm and 49.17±2.55 mm, while for iModelAnalysis it was 39.35±0.07 mm and 49.19±2.57mm. The mean of the duration of analysis using conventional methods was 1703.81±56.46 seconds, while for iModelAnalysis it was 990.06±34.87 seconds. A normality test confirmed that the data was normally distributed (p>0.05). The results of a paired sample t-test with p>0.05 showed that there was no significant difference between the results of each analysis, while there was significant difference in the time period of analysis. Conclusion: There was no difference in the analysis results. However, there was difference in the time period of analysis between conventional methods and that of iModelAnalysis.

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