scholarly journals Tribology of The Sock-Skin Interface – The Influence of Different Fabric Parameters On Sock Friction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian DeBois ◽  
Esha Agarwal ◽  
Ashish Kapoor ◽  
Kavita Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiber Composition ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Single Jersey

Abstract The purpose of this parametric design of experiments was to identify and summarize how the influence of knit structure (single jersey vs. terry), fiber composition (polyester vs. cotton), fiber linear density (30/1 Ne vs. 18/1 Ne & 1/150/34 vs. 2/150/34), and yarn type (filament vs. spun) affected the frictional profile across the sock-skin interface, and then relate these factors to friction blister incidence. Friction testing trials were completed against both a polypropylene probe and a synthetic skin material (Lorica soft®) to determine if there was a difference in friction based on interface interaction. Friction testing was completed by sliding a probe across the inside bottom surface of the sock (the part that is usually in-contact with the bottom of the foot) while instantaneously measuring the frictional force every tenth of a second. For both trials (plastic probe and synthetic skin), in the dry condition, knit structure was found to be the most prominate fabric parameter affecting the frictional force experienced at the sock-skin interface. It was also determined that fiber linear density, and yarn type are tertiary factors affecting the frictional force measured at the sock-skin interface. Finally, in the dry state, it was determined that fiber composition had seemingly no effect on the frictional force experienced at the sock-skin interface.

scholarly journals Swelling Clay Parameters Investigation Using Design of Experiments (A Case Study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacine Berrah ◽  
Serhane Brahmi ◽  
Nouar Charef ◽  
Abderrahman Boumezbeur
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Factor Screening ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Expansion Behavior ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Parametric Effects

The present paper aims to investigate geotechnical parametric effects on the expansion behavior of clayey soils in Tebessa province northeast of Algeria using the Design Of Experiments (DOE) methodology. It has been used as powerful tools based on physical and mechanical properties, data results obtained within laboratory soil mechanics testing. This statistical tool methodology presents the factor screening design to determine the effect of different parameters such as dry unit weight, saturation degree, water content, plasticity index, etc., on the swelling pressure parameter which can be used as expansion behavior of clay indicator. All data previously collected in the studied prone area allows the ability of detailed analysis using design of experiment and parametric optimization process with response surface methodology (RSM). Each variable that present effects on swelling pressure is also discussed. Besides, the obtained models and equations related the factors affecting the expansion process have been determined. At the output process; the response desirability of the screening design methodology can be optimized by maximization or minimization of the optimal values affecting the swelling behavior. This process allows us to find the best describing models, whereas output results may be compared to empirical laboratory tests results to assess the RSM models.

A Study of Frictional Forces between Orthodontic Brackets and Archwires

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Downing ◽  
John McCabe ◽  
Peter Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Polycrystalline Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Testing Assembly

The differences in magnitude of static and kinetic frictional forces generated by 0·022 × 0·030-inch stainless steel (Dentaurum®) and polycrystalline ceramic (Transcend®) brackets in combinntion with archwires of different sizes (0·018 inch and 0·019 × 0·025 inch) and materials (stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium) at a constant ligature force were investigated. A friction-testing assembly using the Instron machine was used. In all cases, the static frictional force was greater than the kinetic frictional force. There were no significant differences in the frictional forces generated by stainless steel and polycrystalline ceramic brackets. Beta-titanium archwires produced greater frictinal forces than the other two materials. Increasing the archwire diameter increased the frictional force.

Design of Experiments in an Electrochemical Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Hernández-Escobedo ◽  
Jesus Ivan Alaniz-Muñoz ◽  
Arturo Realyvásquez-Vargas ◽  
Karina Cecilia Arredondo-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Electric Response ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Signal Characteristics ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
A Company

This chapter applies design of experiments to improve plating performance and better practices in an electrochemical process within a company making electronic components. Specifically, the electroplated process of a metal housing served as the object of study. This process consists of plating an aluminum housing with silver (Ag) to improve the electrical signal characteristics and properties. It includes multiple factors affecting the process, which are clearly seen in the diverse failures such as electric response, pollution by solid waste, among others. These directly impact production costs and delivery time. To minimize the mentioned failures, diverse critical factors were enlisted discovering that the principal problem is the homogeneous distribution of the final finish of the commented product. Particularly, the final finish is realized with silver so it directly affects the electric response as final quality test.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Thermal Insulation and Abrasion Resistance of Heat Resistant Hydro-Entangled Nonwoven Batting Materials for Use in Firefighter Turnout Suit Thermal Liner Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Barker ◽  
Ryan C Heniford
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Aramid Fibers ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiber Composition ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Protective Performance

This paper describes a study on heat resistant nonwoven batting materials used as components in the construction of thermal liners systems in firefighter turnout suits. It examines relationships between the fiber composition and construction of hydroentangled nonwoven battings and properties that can affect their performance when used in this application. Relationships between batting porosity, weight, thermal insulation, bulk and abrasion resistance are examined in hydroentangled constructions made with oxidized PAN, para-aramid and meta-aramid fibers. Correlations observed between the insulation of batting materials components and the thermal protective performance of integrated multilayered fabric systems used in firefighter turnout suits are described.

Estimation of Cotton Fiber Dimensions from Shirley I.I.C. Fineness/Maturity Tester Readings

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Fiber Dimensions

In previous studies methods were developed for calibrating the Arealometer readings A and D to optically-determined measurements of standard cotton fiber samples. In this paper similar principles are applied to the PH and PL readings obtained from the Shirley I.I.C. Fineness/Maturity Tester, using the same standards and optical measurements. The I.I.C. Tester is already calibrated to give the following equivalents: Micronaire, Causticaire, percent maturity, and linear density. The interrelations of these equivalents with appropriate optical measurements have been investigated.

Investigation of factors affecting the seam slippage of garments

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4756-4765
Author(s):  
Daoling Chen ◽  
Pengpeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Polyester Material ◽  
Sewing Thread

Seam slippage often occurs with some garments during the process of wearing or washing, which not only affects the appearance of the garment but also influences garment quality. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect the seam slippage of garments. In order to make the test results closer to those of the garment itself, this study first proposed to make the fabric into a Japanese woman's prototype sample, in order to simulate the garments produced by a garment enterprise. Then, according to standards GB/T 13772.2-2008/ISO 13936-2: 2004 and GB/T 21294-2014, samples were made and seam slippage at the armhole and side seam was tested. Experimental results reveal that the factors that cause the seam slippage of garments are the fabric, seam type and sewing thread. According to the regression analysis, the seam type has a significant effect on the seam slippage of the armhole and side seam, with Pearson correlation coefficients of −0.715 and −0.650, respectively. Thickness, weight, weft density and weave type of the fabric are also important in terms of seam slippage. The weight of the fabric is more significant than other factors; the significant values at the armhole and side seam are 0.009 and 0.002, respectively. In the linear equation, it is shown that weft breaking strength of the fabric only impacts the seam slippage at the side seam. Sewing thread is another important factor for the seam slippage of garments, and its influence on the armhole is obvious; the larger the sewing thread linear density of polyester material is, the smaller the seam slippage is.

Analysis on Segment Floating in the Construction of Large-Diameter Crossing-River Shield Tunnel

2015 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Run Lai Zhang ◽  
Li Ming Tang ◽  
Kun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Force ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grouting Pressure ◽  
Rapid Setting ◽  
Grouting Material ◽  
Longitudinal Stiffness ◽  
Initial Solidification

Segment floating is a common problem met in the construction of large-diameter crossing-river shield tunnel. The factors affecting segment floating are discussed first and analyzed by numerical simulation, including the properties of grouting material, the speed of shield tunneling, grouting pressure difference, the tunnel longitudinal stiffness, frictional force between segment rings and weight of the supporting system. The simulation results indicate that segment floating will reduce by shortening slurry’s initial solidification time, slowing shielding speed, improving the tunnel longitudinal stiffness as well as increasing the frictional force between segment rings. And some measures are given such as applying new rapid-setting slurries, shear pins, rubber mats with high friction coefficient and pre-stressed bolts

scholarly journals Investigation of various factors affecting the coefficient of friction of yarn by using Taguchi method

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
MOHSIN MUHAMMAD ◽  
NAI-WEN LI ◽  
SOHAIL ANJUM MUHAMMAD ◽  
KASHIF MAJEED MUHAMMAD
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Taguchi Approach ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Yarn Quality ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

This research aims to analyze certain effects of yarn characteristics such as: cotton type, yarn quality, yarn spinning technique, yarn twist and linear density and yarn finish on coefficient of friction of yarn by using Taguchi approach. For evaluation of levels and response factors, 72 experiments are performed by using L36 orthogonal design twice for Taguchi approach. The results show that yarns comprising of finer fibers, combed, waxed, Rotor spun, optimum twist and low linear density have lowest coefficient of friction of yarn, which ultimately improves subsequent textile processes and improve product qualities.

Fine Structural Aspects of Cotton Fiber Attachment to the Seed Coat: Morphological Factors Affecting Saw Ginning of Lint Cotton

1996 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Vigil ◽  
W. Stanley Anthony ◽  
Eugene Columbus ◽  
Eric Erbe ◽  
William P. Wergin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structural Aspects

Effect of fabric structural parameters and weaving conditions to warp tension of aramid fabrics for protective garments

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 987-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Jin Kim ◽  
Hyun Ah Kim
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Warp Tension ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Plain Fabric ◽  
Aramid Fabrics ◽  
Weave Pattern

This study examined the weavability of technical fabrics according to the weave density coefficient (WDC) and loom settings, such as the weaving speed, front shedding angle, and fabric take-up speed using an aramid filament on a Dornier rapier loom (PTS 2/SC, Germany). For this purpose, the warp tension and its variations were measured, and are discussed in terms of the WDC and loom settings according to the measured time during weaving. Regression analysis of the effects of the WDC and loom settings on the measured warp tension was carried out. The measured mean warp tension increased with increasing yarn linear density and increased with increasing WDC. The measured mean warp tension in the twill fabric was higher than that of the plain fabric despite having the same WDC. The measured mean warp tension increased with an increasing shedding angle due to an increase in shedding height. The measured mean warp tension increased with increasing take-up speed. The measured warp tension variation according to the time during weaving ranged from 5 cN/thread to 13 cN/thread, irrespective of the yarn number, weave pattern, fabric density, and weaving conditions. Regression analysis revealed the shedding angle and WDC to be the most important factors affecting the measured warp tension, but the weaving speed also affects the warp tension at a high fabric cover factor.

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