The Influence of Physical Properties and Increasing Woven Fabric Layers on the Noise Absorption Capacity

Noise pollution from the environment may wreak havoc on a person’s wellbeing. Numerous sound-absorbing materials are employed to address these issues, one of which is textile-woven fabrics. In this study, 12 woven textiles with four different weave structures (plain, rib, sateen, and twill) and those formed from three distinct polyester yarns were evaluated for their sound absorption properties using an impedance tube. The study was conducted within the range of 80–5000 (Hz) frequency. Part of the investigation was measuring different layers of woven fabrics under three different measuring conditions. Firstly, only woven fabrics were evaluated. Following that, woven and nonwoven textiles were measured. The third variant, in addition to the woven fabrics, included an air gap. In addition, this study includes tests and analyses of the effect of roughness and porosity of the fabric structure on the effectiveness of noise reduction by woven fabrics. The absorption capacity of plain fabric is higher at lower frequencies than other woven fabrics. Other weave structures noise reduction efficiency is higher as the frequency range increases. The absorption efficiency of plain fabric decreases with fabric layering. Utilizing woven fabric combined with nonwoven fabric reduces noise more effectively than the air gap variant. Low surface roughness and a highly porous surface of the fabric indicate a high noise reduction coefficient (NRC).

Detection of Remote Sensing Warp Tension during Weaving on Plain Twill and Satin Fabric

Warp tensions were measured while a machine was operating on a woven cotton fabric with three different woven patterns. This study was carried out with image analysis methods using a high speed camera. Three weave pattern types: plain, twill and satin were woven on the same weaving machine, and thus it could be understood how weave pattern differences affect warp tension. Each of these three weaves was woven in three weft densities: 20, 28 and 45 wefts per cm. These fabrics were able to be made on a weaving machine with an automatic dobby. It was aimed to investigate warp tension differences for three basic weave patterns while keeping all machine settings constant. The weave settings of the dobby were changed for plain, twill and satin weaves. Warp tension calculation was based on the warp elasticity theory. Warp elasticises were measured by image processing methods in MATLAB using a high-speed camera. It was aimed to improve upon the new method of warp extension measurement of fabric when the loom is in operation. It was observed that the warp tension in plain fabric was higher than for twill and satin under the same conditions.

Influence of re-entrant hexagonal structure and helical auxetic yarn on the tensile and auxetic behavior of parametric fabrics

This paper focuses on systematically analyzing the influence of macro fabric structure and yarn architecture on the mechanical and auxetic performance of parametric auxetic fabrics. Re-entrant hexagonal (REH) and helical auxetic yarn (HAY) were adopted as a macro fabric structure and weft yarn to produce three kinds of auxetic fabrics: REH fabric with HAY as weft yarn (REH-HAY); REH fabric with elastic yarn as weft yarn (REH-1, REH-2, REH-3); and plain fabric with HAY as weft yarn (NREH-HAY). By controlling the existence of the HAY and REH structure, the influence of the REH structure and HAY on the mechanical and auxetic properties was thoroughly analyzed. It is demonstrated that both the REH macrostructure and HAY micro configuration can contribute to the performance of the auxetic fabric. Specifically, in the presence of the REH structure and HAY, the auxeticity was found to a 77% increase compared with NREH-HAY and the breaking strain and load rises by about 37.50% and 90.42%, respectively. Notably, the variation of the polyurethane (PU) weft yarn per unit length influenced the tensile and auxetic performance to a lesser extent, while by changing PU to HAY, a significant increase of negative Poisson’s ratio value from –1.155 to –1.492 was noticed without greatly jeopardizing the stretchability. Furthermore, the cyclic tensile results demonstrate the stability and elasticity of the fabric. The comparative analysis can give guidance to optimize fabric design and inspire the innovative design of the auxetic textiles, all of which will pave the way for a quantitative and optimizing design for auxetic textiles.

A model for predicting electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of conductive fiber plain fabric

Conductive fiber plain fabric can be used for manufacturing electromagnetic protective products, due to the capacity of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and deformability. A model was established to predict the shielding effectiveness of conductive fiber plain fabric. The curved surface of fabric can be decomposed into countless ideal planes. The vertical incidence of electromagnetic waves on plain fabric surface can be regarded as the oblique incidence on the ideal plane. The transmission coefficients of transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized waves were different in each point of fabric surface through the surface equation. The weight factor was supposed as the value of small area at each incident point, and the weighted average of transmission coefficients was deduced. The results showed that, the values of shielding effectiveness increased with the decrease of the pitch of conductive fiber plain fabric and increased with the increase of frequency in the range of 0.1–2 GHz. The trends of theoretical prediction values were consistent with the simulation and experimental values, which proved the rationality of the model.

Experimental study on spall behavior of single and multi-plate composites behind armor subjected to shaped charge

Spall behavior of single and multi-layered hybrid composite structures behind armor was investigated by using shaped charge. Firstly, spall cone angles of Aluminum 5083-H116 and rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel as base armor materials were determined without any composite to select base armor. The single and multi-plates composite samples were produced by using S2 glass plain fabric, Kevlar plain fabric and hybrid Carbon-Kevlar twill fabric and epoxy resin system. After that, composite samples were placed behind the selected base armor plates with different distance in between them. The changes of spall cone angle, spall diameter, and penetrated area after shaped charge penetration were determined and analyzed in terms of both material configuration and distance behind the armor plates. As a result, increasing the behind armor distance reduces the jetting area and thus spall distribution decreases. In addition, it can be recommended to use hybrid 1 and 50 mm behind armor distance by evaluating both spall distribution and in-vehicle volume restriction.

Performance and testing of adhesive bandage tape

The adhesive plaster or bandage is used to cover non-serious wound or cut in the skin. It is formed by a basic layer of plain fabric coated with the adhesive material. There are several factors that affect the performance of the produced adhesive bandage. One of the frequent reported problems is the strong engagement with the skin that causes severe pain to the patient when it is removed from the skin. The peel test is used to determine the force required to remove the bandage from the skin, tissue or other adhesive tape. The aim of research is to study the factors that affect the performance of adhesive bandage—starting from the raw fabric used and some of the manufacturing machine settings (speed, slit knife height). An attachment was made to test the peeling force of adhesive tape on an ordinary tensile testing device. Results show that the storage of the adhesive bandage tape is the most significant factor that affects the mechanical properties of the adhesive tape.

Eco-Friendly Pretreatment of Cotton Fabric With Banana Ash and Dyeing Using Banana Sap

The aim of this study is to evaluate environment supportive pretreatment and dyeing process. In this project, pretreatment of cotton fabric was done by using banana ash. Also, dyeing was carried out with banana sap along with different mordants that are eco-friendly and cost saving. Here, all the experiments were carried out on woven (plain) fabric of 141 GSM. Firstly, cotton fabric was scoured by means of banana root’s ash (pH-10.2). It was then dyed with banana sap (pH-5.4). This banana ash scoured cotton fabric was compared with conventionally scoured cotton fabric through weight loss % and absorbency test. In addition, fastness properties and performance of dyeing were measured through CIE L*C*h, K/S value, and different color fastness tests. Banana ash scoured and dyed with banana sap, using mordant (horitoky), provided the best dyeing performance and color fastness to wash, rubbing, and perspiration than the others.

Effect of fabric structural parameters and weaving conditions to warp tension of aramid fabrics for protective garments

This study examined the weavability of technical fabrics according to the weave density coefficient (WDC) and loom settings, such as the weaving speed, front shedding angle, and fabric take-up speed using an aramid filament on a Dornier rapier loom (PTS 2/SC, Germany). For this purpose, the warp tension and its variations were measured, and are discussed in terms of the WDC and loom settings according to the measured time during weaving. Regression analysis of the effects of the WDC and loom settings on the measured warp tension was carried out. The measured mean warp tension increased with increasing yarn linear density and increased with increasing WDC. The measured mean warp tension in the twill fabric was higher than that of the plain fabric despite having the same WDC. The measured mean warp tension increased with an increasing shedding angle due to an increase in shedding height. The measured mean warp tension increased with increasing take-up speed. The measured warp tension variation according to the time during weaving ranged from 5 cN/thread to 13 cN/thread, irrespective of the yarn number, weave pattern, fabric density, and weaving conditions. Regression analysis revealed the shedding angle and WDC to be the most important factors affecting the measured warp tension, but the weaving speed also affects the warp tension at a high fabric cover factor.

Slashing and Weaving Properties of Twisted Carbon Fiber Yarns

Carbon fibers are usually used in the form of filaments since they are low in expandability and quickly wear and tear by bending. However now with the development of spinning technology, twisted carbon fiber yarns have been produced. In order to investigate the slashing and weaving properties of twisted carbon fiber yarns slashed by polyacrylate sizing agent at the room temperature, size picks up, tensile strength and abrasion resistance were introduced. Furthermore, a small piece of plain fabric was finished on the sample weaving machine. The results prove that slashing with polyacrylate sizing agent improves the slashing and weaving properties of twisted carbon fiber yarns significantly. Further, when the solid containing rate of polyacrylate slurry was around 5%, the size picks up can be up to 5.5%, the tensile strength increases by 19.8% and the wear resistance increases by 66.7%. Moreover, by using high-temperature water bath downsizing method, the sizing agent subsided frequently.