scholarly journals Anthropometric Measures and Breast Cancer Risk among Hispanic Women in Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah A Ramírez-Marrero ◽  
Cruz Maria Nazario ◽  
Rosa V Rosario-Rosado ◽  
Michelle Schelske-Santos ◽  
Imar Mansilla-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Lower Odds

Abstract While there is consistent evidence of increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with higher body mass index (BMI), higher adult weight gain and higher waist circumference in North American and European populations, there is little evidence for Hispanic women. Among Hispanic women in Puerto Rico (PR), breast cancer is the leading type of cancer, and leading cause of cancer related deaths. However, compared with the United States, breast cancer rates are lower but increasing more rapidly. Purpose: To determine associations between anthropometric characteristics and breast cancer risk in Hispanic women in PR. Methods: Data from a population-based case control study in the San Juan metropolitan region was used to examine associations between anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk, also considering menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT). Results: Among premenopausal women, BMI equal or higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist to height ratio (WHtR) of 0.53 or higher were associated with lower odds of breast cancer. For postmenopausal breast cancer, waist circumference of 86.4 cm or higher, WHtR of 0.57 or higher, waist to hip ratio of 0.84 or greater, and height of 150 cm or taller were associated with lower odds of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that associations of risk with anthropometry may differ for Hispanic women. Future studies should include measures of fat and lean mass distribution to further understand anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk among Hispanic women.

scholarly journals A Novel Automated Immunoassay Platform to Evaluate the Association of Adiponectin and Leptin Levels with Breast Cancer Risk

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3303
Author(s):  
Debora Macis ◽  
Valentina Aristarco ◽  
Harriet Johansson ◽  
Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga ◽  
Sara Raimondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

Adiponectin and leptin are adipokines secreted by the adipose tissue that are associated with several chronic diseases including cancer. We aimed to compare the immunoassay platform ELLA with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and to assess whether the results of the association analyses with breast cancer risk were dependent on the assay used. We measured adiponectin and leptin with ELLA and ELISA on baseline serum samples of 116 Italian postmenopausal women enrolled in two international breast cancer prevention trials. Results were compared with Deming, Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plots. Disease-free survival was analyzed with the Cox model. There was a good correlation between the methods for adiponectin and leptin (r > 0.96). We found an increased breast cancer risk for very low adiponectin levels (HR for ELLA = 3.75; 95% CI: 1.37;10.25, p = 0.01), whereas no significant association was found for leptin levels. The disease-free survival curves were almost identical for values obtained with the two methods, for both biomarkers. The ELLA platform showed a good concordance with ELISA for adiponectin and leptin measurements. Our results support the association of very low adiponectin levels with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, irrespective of the method used. The ELLA platform is a time-saving system with high reproducibility, therefore we recommend its use for biomarker assessment.

scholarly journals A Metabolomics Analysis of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the Cancer Prevention Study II

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Steven C. Moore ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Mazzilli ◽  
Joshua N. Sampson ◽  
Charles E. Matthews ◽  
Brian D. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but its incidence can only be partially explained through established risk factors. Our aim was to use metabolomics to identify novel risk factors for breast cancer and to validate recently reported metabolite-breast cancer findings. We measured levels of 1275 metabolites in prediagnostic serum in a nested case-control study of 782 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 782 matched controls. Metabolomics analysis was performed by Metabolon Inc using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and a Q-Exactive high resolution/accurate mass spectrometer. Controls were matched by birth date, date of blood draw, and race/ethnicity. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer at the 90th versus 10th percentile (modeled on a continuous basis) of metabolite levels were estimated using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for age. Twenty-four metabolites were significantly associated with breast cancer risk at a false discovery rate <0.20. For the nine metabolites positively associated with risk, the ORs ranged from 1.75 (95% CI: 1.29–2.36) to 1.45 (95% CI: 1.13–1.85), and for the 15 metabolites inversely associated with risk, ORs ranged from 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43–0.79) to 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55–0.87). These metabolites largely comprised carnitines, glycerolipids, and sex steroid metabolites. Associations for three sex steroid metabolites validated findings from recent studies and the remainder were novel. These findings contribute to growing data on metabolite-breast cancer associations by confirming prior findings and identifying novel leads for future validation efforts.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in oxidative stress-related genes and postmenopausal breast cancer risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1467-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Seibold ◽  
Rebecca Hein ◽  
Peter Schmezer ◽  
Per Hall ◽  
Jianjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Stress Related Genes

scholarly journals Addressing Barriers to Uptake of Breast Cancer Chemoprevention for Patients and Providers

2015 ◽  
pp. e50-e58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Crew
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the United States, and the primary prevention of this disease is a major public health issue. Because there are relatively few modifiable breast cancer risk factors, pharmacologic interventions with antiestrogens have the potential to significantly affect the primary prevention setting. Breast cancer chemoprevention with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene, and with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) exemestane and anastrozole, is underutilized despite several randomized controlled trials demonstrating up to a 50% to 65% relative risk reduction in breast cancer incidence among women at high risk. An estimated 10 million women in the United States meet high-risk criteria for breast cancer and are potentially eligible for chemoprevention, but less than 5% of women at high risk who are offered antiestrogens for primary prevention agree to take it. Reasons for low chemoprevention uptake include lack of routine breast cancer risk assessment in primary care, inadequate time for counseling, insufficient knowledge about antiestrogens among patients and providers, and concerns about side effects. Interventions designed to increase chemoprevention uptake, such as decision aids and incorporating breast cancer risk assessment into clinical practice, have met with limited success. Clinicians can help women make informed decisions about chemoprevention by effectively communicating breast cancer risk and enhancing knowledge about the risks and benefits of antiestrogens. Widespread adoption of chemoprevention will require a major paradigm shift in clinical practice for primary care providers (PCPs). However, enhancing uptake and adherence to breast cancer chemoprevention holds promise for reducing the public health burden of this disease.

scholarly journals Cabbage and Sauerkraut Consumption in Adolescence and Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk among US-Resident Polish Migrant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10795
Author(s):  
Dorothy Rybaczyk Pathak ◽  
Aryeh D. Stein ◽  
Jian-Ping He ◽  
Mary M. Noel ◽  
Larry Hembroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality are lower in Poland than in the United States (US). However, Polish-born migrant women to US approach the higher BC mortality rates of US women. We evaluated the association between consumption of cabbage/sauerkraut foods and BC risk in Polish-born migrants to US. Methods: We conducted a case–control study of BC among Polish-born migrants in Cook County and the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Cases (n = 131) were 20–79 years old with histological/cytological confirmation of invasive BC. Population-based controls (n = 284) were frequency matched to cases on age and residence. Food frequency questionnaires assessed diet during adulthood and age 12–13 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Consumption of total, raw/short-cooked, and long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was categorized as low, medium, or high (frequency of servings/week). Results: Higher consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, during both adolescence and adulthood, was associated with a significantly lower BC risk. Consumption of long-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods was low and not significantly associated with risk. The multivariate OR for total cabbage/sauerkraut consumption, high vs. low (> 4 vs. ≤ 2 servings/week) during adolescence was 0.36 (95% CI = 0.18–0.71, ptrend < 0.01) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.23–1.06, ptrend = 0.08) during adulthood. For raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut (>3 vs. ≤1.5 servings/week), the ORs were 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16–0.72, ptrend < 0.01) during adolescence and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.17–0.78, ptrend < 0.01) during adulthood. For joint adolescent/adult consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods, (high, high) vs. (low, low), the OR was 0.23 (95% CI = 0.07–0.65). The significant association for high adolescent consumption of raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods and reduced BC risk was consistent across all levels of consumption in adulthood. Conclusion: Greater consumption of total and raw/short-cooked cabbage/sauerkraut foods either during adolescence or adulthood was associated with significantly reduced BC risk among Polish migrant women. These findings contribute to the growing literature suggesting a protective effect of a potentially modifiable factor, cruciferous vegetable intake, on breast cancer risk.

Toward robust mammography-based models for breast cancer risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (578) ◽  
pp. eaba4373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Yala ◽  
Peter G. Mikhael ◽  
Fredrik Strand ◽  
Gigin Lin ◽  
Kevin Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital ◽  
Risk Models

Improved breast cancer risk models enable targeted screening strategies that achieve earlier detection and less screening harm than existing guidelines. To bring deep learning risk models to clinical practice, we need to further refine their accuracy, validate them across diverse populations, and demonstrate their potential to improve clinical workflows. We developed Mirai, a mammography-based deep learning model designed to predict risk at multiple timepoints, leverage potentially missing risk factor information, and produce predictions that are consistent across mammography machines. Mirai was trained on a large dataset from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in the United States and tested on held-out test sets from MGH, Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden, and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) in Taiwan, obtaining C-indices of 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.80), 0.81 (0.79 to 0.82), and 0.79 (0.79 to 0.83), respectively. Mirai obtained significantly higher 5-year ROC AUCs than the Tyrer-Cuzick model (P < 0.001) and prior deep learning models Hybrid DL (P < 0.001) and Image-Only DL (P < 0.001), trained on the same dataset. Mirai more accurately identified high-risk patients than prior methods across all datasets. On the MGH test set, 41.5% (34.4 to 48.5) of patients who would develop cancer within 5 years were identified as high risk, compared with 36.1% (29.1 to 42.9) by Hybrid DL (P = 0.02) and 22.9% (15.9 to 29.6) by the Tyrer-Cuzick model (P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Urinary Melatonin in Relation to Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk According to Melatonin 1 Receptor Status

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Devore ◽  
Erica T. Warner ◽  
A. Heather Eliassen ◽  
Susan B. Brown ◽  
Andrew H. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Receptor Status ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk
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