scholarly journals Application of Angio Optical Coherence Tomography and Flash Electroretinogram in the Study of Retinal Morphology and Function in High Myopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdan Cao ◽  
Jinxiang Luo ◽  
Junyi Ouyang ◽  
Fen Nie ◽  
Xuanchu Duan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
And Function

Abstract Purpose: Using optical coherence tomography (OCTA) and flash electroretinography (F-ERG), we investigated changes to the retinal micromorphology and the overall function of the retina in eyes with different degrees of high myopia. Design: Case-control study. Participants: A total of 64 cases of 118 eyes with axial high myopia with diopters ranging from -−6.0 D to −15.0D were included in the study. The individuals were 18-40 years old.Methods: Subjects were divided into three groups according to the axial length (AL) of the eye and the spherical equivalent (SE)of the lens: the high myopia group (AL: ≤26 mm and SE: −6.0D to −9.0D) with 32 eyes, the ultra-high myopia group (AL: 26-28 mm and SE: -9.25D to -12.0D) with 43 eyes, and the extremely high myopia group (AL: ≥28 mm and SE: −12.25D to −15.0D) with 43 eyes. We used the OCTA measurements macular foveal retinal thickness (MRT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and superficial macular and deep retinal microvascular density, and the F-ERG measurements retinal dark-adaptation a-wave and b-wave, oscillation potential (OP) wave, light adaptation a-wave and b-wave, and 30-Hz flicker light amplitudes, which represent the functional state of the retina.Results: The differences in retinal thickness in the macular area between the three groups were only statistically significant within 1 mm of the fovea (P = 0.006). MRT was positively correlated with AL (r = 0.278, P = 0.002) and negatively correlated with SE (R = −0.200, P = 0.031). The difference in the FAZ area between the three groups was also statistically significant (P = 0.036), and FAZ was negatively correlated with AL (r = −0.377, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with SE (r = 0.192, P < 0.5). Both the superficial and deep blood flow density of the macular fovea were positively correlated with AL (p < 0.001). The superficial parafoveal blood flow density was negatively correlated with AL (r = −0.280, P = 0.002) but positively correlated with SE (R = 0.254, P = 0.006). The overall blood flow density of the deep retina, the parafoveal blood flow density, and the blood flow density around the fovea were negatively correlated with AL (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with myopic SE (p < 0.001). The dark-adaptation b-wave, maximum comprehensive response a-wave and b-wave, OP wave, bright-adaptation a-wave and b-wave, and 30-Hz flicker amplitudes of the retina were negatively correlated with AL and positively correlated with SE. The amplitudes of light adaptation a-wave and b-wave were[1] negatively correlated with the foveal avascular density (p < 0.001), and the average amplitude of the OP wave was positively correlated with the superficial retinal avascular density (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Before obvious pathological changes or central vision damage, the morphology and function of the macular area show subtle changes in patients with high myopia. As the degree of myopia increases and the axis of the eye increases, the activity of the cone cells in high myopia eyes decreases and the microvascular circulation in the inner retina and function of inner layer cells, such as non-proa cells, are affected. The changes of retinal dark adaptation are more sensitive than those of bright adaptation, which indicates that retinal rod cell damage may be earlier than cone cell damage in high myopia. Therefore, we believe that the combined use of OCTA and F-ERG can help in the early diagnosis and monitoring of patients at a high risk of myopia and to guide their clinical treatment.Because the p-value is clearly provided, the term “significantly” is not necessary (removed to reduce wordiness).

scholarly journals Investigation of Macular Choroidal Thickness and Blood Flow Change by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography After Posterior Scleral Reinforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Yue Qi ◽  
Wenbin Wei ◽  
Zi-Bing Jin ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Pathologic Myopia ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Posterior Scleral Reinforcement

Purpose: This work aimed to study the effect of posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) on choroidal thickness (CT) and blood flow.Methods: This study included 25 eyes of 24 patients with high myopia ( ≤ -6.0 dioptres or axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) who underwent PSR surgery. All patients completed the 1-month follow-up visit. Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) was graded according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification based on color fundus photographs. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SSOCTA) was performed to investigate CT, choroidal perfusion area (CPA), and choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA) change following PSR surgery.Results: The distribution of MMD categories was 9 (36.0%) in category 1, 10 (40.0%) in category 2, and 6 (24.0%) in category 3 or 4. MMD severity was strongly correlated with CT (all P &lt; 0.01) and CPA (all P &lt; 0.04). Postoperative CT at each sector increased significantly at 1 week's follow-up, compared to preoperative measures (all P &lt; 0.05). Postoperative CPA at subfoveal, superior, inferior, and nasal sectors also increased significantly 1 week after PSR surgery (all P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the increased CT, CPA, and CCPA remain after PSR surgery at 1 month's follow-up, but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the CT and choroidal blood flow increased significantly in patients with high myopia who underwent PSR surgery in a short period of time. In addition, the CT and CPA were independently associated with MMD. However, whether the transient improvement of the choroidal circulation could prevent long-term progression of high myopia warrants further study in the future.

scholarly journals The effect of phacoemulsification of bilateral cataracts, performed at different intervals, on the macular area of the retina

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
I. E. Ioshin ◽  
A. I. Tolchinskaya ◽  
A. M. Bagirov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Central Retinal Thickness ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Scanning Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Retinal Examination

Purpose. A comprehensive assessment of the state of macular retina after phacoemulsification of two eyes performed at different intervals between operations according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) data. Materials and methods. We examined 93 patients (186 eyes) aged 65.7 ± 1.6 years with bilateral age cataract after phacoemulsification of both eyes performed at different intervals between the operations: 1–5 days — 22 patients (44 eyes), 1–3 weeks — 31 patients (62 eyes), 4 or more weeks — 40 patients (80 eyes). Before surgery, visual acuity of the first eye was, on average, 0.38 ± 0.05, while that of the second eye averaged 0.41 ± 0.05. The operations were performed on the «Infiniti Vision System» (Alcon) phacoemulsifier by Ozil technology through a corneal tunnel 2.2 mm long by one and the same surgeon with no complications. The Phaco chop technique was used. All patients underwent retinal examination by Optovue Avante OPT (OPTOVUE, USA) according to the scanning Protocol Raster and, partly, by Retina map (including central retinal thickness and volume of the macula in the 5 mm zone) before the operation, and 1, 2, 4, 12 weeks after surgery, on both eyes. Results. Before surgery, the average central retinal thickness and the volume of the retina in the area of 5 mm, in both operated eyes were almost identical: the first eye revealed 271.0 ± 7.5 μm, and 5.625 ± 0.040 mm3, the second one revealed 270.0 ± 8.5 μm, and 5.628 ± 0.040 mm3. In the postoperative period, the results showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the central retinal thickness and volume in the 5 mm zone before and after surgery in both eyes, regardless of the intervals between operations. Conclusion. The absence of a significant difference in the macular retina response to surgery, confirmed by OCT data, indicated the safety of operations on both eyes regardless of the intervals between them.

scholarly journals Quantification of Macular Vascular Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Its Relationship with Retinal Thickness in Myopic Eyes of Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Yang ◽  
Minwen Zhou ◽  
Bing Lu ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Jingke Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose. To quantify macular vascular density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to investigate its relationship with retinal thickness in myopic eyes of young adults.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 268 myopic eyes without pathological changes were recruited and divided into three groups: mild myopia (n=81), moderate myopia (n=117), and high myopia (n=70). Macular vascular density was quantified by OCTA and compared among three groups. Average retinal thickness, central subfield thickness, and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness were also evaluated and compared. Correlations among these variables were analyzed.Results. There was no statistical difference in superficial (62.3 ± 5.7% versus 62.7 ± 5.9% versus 63.8 ± 5.5%) and deep macular vascular densities (58.3 ± 9.6% versus 59.2 ± 9.3% versus 60.9 ± 7.9%) among mild-myopia, moderate-myopia, and high-myopia groups (bothP>0.05). Superficial and deep macular vascular densities both had correlations with mean arterial pressure. Furthermore, superficial macular vascular density was significantly correlated with mGCC thickness.Conclusions. Varying degrees of myopia did not affect macular vascular density in young healthy adults. In addition, superficial macular vascular density, as an independent factor, was positively correlated with mGCC thickness.

scholarly journals Retinal thickness among normal myopic Filipinos using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-169
Author(s):  
Camille Elaine Zabala ◽  
Jubaida Mangondato-Aquino ◽  
Jose Ma. Martinez ◽  
John Mark De Leon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Pathologic Myopia ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose: To determine mean macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of myopic Filipinos using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate influence of age, gender, and degree of myopia. Design: Observational clinic-based cohort. Methods: Participants were divided into two groups: low-moderate myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) -0.50 D to -6.00 D] and high-pathologic myopia (SE < -6.00 D and AL > 26.5 mm). Subgroup analyses between low myopia (refraction < -3.00 D or less) and moderate myopia (> -3.00 D to -6.00 D), and high myopia (> -6.00 D to -8.00 D) and pathologic myopia (more than -8.00 D) were done. Macular and RNFL thickness were measured by a SD-OCT and axial length (AL) with non-contact biometry. Results: Of 156 eyes, 88/156 (56%) had low-moderate myopia, 68/156 (44%) had high-pathologic myopia. There were 67/156 (43%) male and 89/156 (57%) female subjects. Mean central foveal subfield thickness measurements were 264 ± 24 μm for low myopia, 258 ± 17 μm for moderate myopia, 253 ± 25 μm for high myopia, and 218 ± 48 μm for pathologic myopia. Mean RNFL thickness measurements were 105.62 ± 3.89 μmfor low myopia, 97.6 ± 2.45 μm for moderate myopia, 85.9 ± 3.87 μm for high myopia, and 75.14 ± 3.89 μm for pathologic myopia. Average SE (p < 0.0001) decreased while AL (p < 0.0001) increased with more myopia. Myopia and age significantly affected macular and RNFL thickness parameters except for the following where only the degree of myopia was a significant factor: central foveal, temporal parafoveal, nasal perifoveal, inferior and nasal RNFL thicknesses. Conclusion: Retinal SD-OCT thickness measurements decreased with increasing level of myopia and age. Central foveal, temporal parafoveal, nasal perifoveal, inferior and nasal RNFL thicknesses may be more appropriate SD-OCT parameters among myopic Filipino patients to monitor for glaucoma since they may be less influenced by age.

scholarly journals Scattering-Angle-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography of a Hypoxic Mouse Retina Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117906951983756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Gardner ◽  
Ayesha S Rahman ◽  
Thomas E Milner ◽  
Henry G Rylander
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Blood Flow Volume ◽  
Angle Diversity

Several studies have noted a correlation between retinal degeneration and traumatic encephalopathy (TE) making the retina a leading candidate for detection and assessment. Scattering-angle-resolved optical coherence tomography (SAR-OCT) is a candidate imaging modality to detect sub-resolution changes in retinal microstructure. SAR-OCT images of murine retinas that experience a hypoxic insult—euthanasia by isoflurane overdose—are presented. A total of 4 SAR-OCT measurement parameters are reported in 6 longitudinal experiments: blood flow volume fraction, total retinal thickness, reflectance index, and scattering angle. As each mouse expires, blood flow volume fraction decreases, total retinal thickness increases, reflectance index decreases, and scattering angle diversity increases. Contribution of the retinal vasculature to scattering angle diversity is discussed. Results of this study suggest the utility of SAR-OCT to measure TE using scattering angle diversity contrast in the retina.

scholarly journals Application of OCTA in the Predication of Myopia Progression in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
lingli lin ◽  
xiaohan zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives To understand the correlation between the progression of myopia and macular blood flow density in children and adolescents, as well as the relationship between the myopia progression and the axial length changes and height changes, and the prevention and control strategies for myopia were explored Methods This was a Prospective Cross-sectional, observational study, and was conducted from April 2020 to December 2020.A total of 54 myopia participants (54 eyes) were collected from the Optometry Clinic of Ning de City Hospital Affiliated to Ning de Normal University. The participants including 20 males and 34 females were all children and adolescents, age 11.56±1.61(range ,8-14 years old). All participants selected the examination data of the right eye, and those whose spherical equivalent degree(SE) changes ≥0.5 D were selected as the observation group, those with SE changes <0.5 D were classified as the control group, at the same time, they were further grouped by age, those whose age less than 12 years old were divided into the young group, and those whose age ≥12 years old were divided into the old group, and compared the difference in macular blood flow density , height, axial length, et. between the observation group and the control group in the same age group, as well as the correlation between changes of SE. SPSS25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, and independent sample t test, rank sum test, Pearson correlation, et were used for data analysis.Results There was a statistically significant difference in the macular foveal avascular zone (FAZ) between the observation group and the control group in the young group(P<0.05) at baseline, and there were no statistically significant differences between the observation group and the control group in the young group at baseline in the vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in superficial capillary plexus(SCP) in the macular area, as well as the height and eye axial（P>0.05）.There was a statistically significant difference in axial length between the observation group and the control group at baseline in the old group, there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the VD and PD in SCP in the macular area, height, FAZ at baseline in the old group. The change in SE was positively correlated with the change in the axial length, but there were no significant correlations with the changes in height, VD, PD, and FAZ.Conclusion The area of FAZ in children with fast progression of myopia is smaller than those of slow progression. Adolescents with rapid progression of myopia have longer axial length than those with slower progression. FAZ area and axial length can be used as predictors of myopia progression.

CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW VISUALIZATION IN HIGH MYOPIA USING A PROJECTION ARTIFACT METHOD IN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY

Retina ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Maruko ◽  
Richard F. Spaide ◽  
Hideki Koizumi ◽  
Shota Sawaguchi ◽  
Takahiko Izumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Choroidal Blood Flow

scholarly journals Assessment of conbercept therapy for high myopia macular neovascularization by optical coherence tomography angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Na Cheng ◽  
Yu-Xi Lin ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xu-He Zhang ◽  
Yan-Qi Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to high myopia and to observe the application of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the treatment follow-up. We reviewed the medical records of 20 patients (21 eyes) with MNV secondary to high myopia who were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology of the First Hospital of China Medical University between May 2018 and January 2020. Each patient received one or more intravitreal injections of conbercept (0.5 mg/0.05 mL). The treatment was conducted according to a 1 + PRN (pro re nata) regimen. The changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and selected MNV and flow areas measured by OCTA were observed over a 6-month follow-up period. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA was 1.03 ± 0.61 before treatment and improved to 0.83 ± 0.59 (P = 0.007), 0.78 ± 0.62 (P = 0.001), 0.81 ± 0.73 (P = 0.027), and 0.79 ± 0.72 (P = 0.023) at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment, respectively. The mean CMT was 358.16 ± 206.11 μm before treatment and decreased to 295.38 ± 178.70 μm (P = 0.003), 288.34 ± 165.60 μm (P = 0.004), 284.36 ± 163.07 μm (P = 0.005), and 283.00 ± 160.32 μm (P = 0.004) at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment, respectively. Nineteen eyes (90.5%) had stable or improved vision at 6 months of follow-up. One month after conbercept injection, in OCTA images, the small-diameter blood vessels of the MNV decreased, the intertwined small blood vessels decreased or even disappeared, and the main or larger-diameter blood vessels were still present. The mean selected MNV and blood flow areas were 0.62 ± 0.81 and 0.22 ± 0.27 mm2, respectively, before treatment and decreased to 0.23 ± 0.33 and 0.07 ± 0.08 mm2 (P = 0.04 for both), respectively, 1 month after treatment. No drug-related systemic or ocular adverse effects were observed. Our results suggest that conbercept can effectively and safely improve BCVA and reduce CMT in patients with myopic MVN (mMNV). OCTA can be used to observe MNV area, blood flow area, and MNV morphological changes after treatment with conbercept, thus providing a reference for treatment follow-up.

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