Application of OCTA in the Predication of Myopia Progression in Children and Adolescents
Abstract Objectives To understand the correlation between the progression of myopia and macular blood flow density in children and adolescents, as well as the relationship between the myopia progression and the axial length changes and height changes, and the prevention and control strategies for myopia were explored Methods This was a Prospective Cross-sectional, observational study, and was conducted from April 2020 to December 2020.A total of 54 myopia participants (54 eyes) were collected from the Optometry Clinic of Ning de City Hospital Affiliated to Ning de Normal University. The participants including 20 males and 34 females were all children and adolescents, age 11.56±1.61(range ,8-14 years old). All participants selected the examination data of the right eye, and those whose spherical equivalent degree(SE) changes ≥0.5 D were selected as the observation group, those with SE changes <0.5 D were classified as the control group, at the same time, they were further grouped by age, those whose age less than 12 years old were divided into the young group, and those whose age ≥12 years old were divided into the old group, and compared the difference in macular blood flow density , height, axial length, et. between the observation group and the control group in the same age group, as well as the correlation between changes of SE. SPSS25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, and independent sample t test, rank sum test, Pearson correlation, et were used for data analysis.Results There was a statistically significant difference in the macular foveal avascular zone (FAZ) between the observation group and the control group in the young group(P<0.05) at baseline, and there were no statistically significant differences between the observation group and the control group in the young group at baseline in the vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in superficial capillary plexus(SCP) in the macular area, as well as the height and eye axial(P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in axial length between the observation group and the control group at baseline in the old group, there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the VD and PD in SCP in the macular area, height, FAZ at baseline in the old group. The change in SE was positively correlated with the change in the axial length, but there were no significant correlations with the changes in height, VD, PD, and FAZ.Conclusion The area of FAZ in children with fast progression of myopia is smaller than those of slow progression. Adolescents with rapid progression of myopia have longer axial length than those with slower progression. FAZ area and axial length can be used as predictors of myopia progression.