scholarly journals Hybridization of Green Energy Sources for the Electrification of Remote Villages: A Case Study at Adem Tuleman of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondwosen S Aga ◽  
Ayele N. Legese ◽  
Abebe D Tolche ◽  
Negesh T Roba
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
The Village

Abstract Background: Energy deeply influences the life of rural communities. The industrialized countries depend primarily on modern energy while the developing countries like Ethiopia heavily rely on traditional biomass. Thus, in Ethiopia, the energy sector faces dual challenges: one limited access to modern energy and the second is heavy reliance on traditional biomass energy sources to meet growing energy demand. The modern energy of the country is predominantly from hydropower which accounts for 90% and fuelwood accounts for more than 80% of households' energy supply today, this leads to deforestation and severe land degradation in the country.Objective: This study aim at providing the way to diversify energy sources through integrated hybrid energy sources (wind, solar and diesel generator) to obtain a sustainable autonomous power supply system for remote site. Method: Standalone hybrid system configuration was design by using HOMER software and finds an optimal combination of clean energy as well as comparing it with other energy sources for Adem Tuleman one of the remote sites in Ethiopia. HOMER is optimization tool to determine the possible optimal architecture and control strategy of the system. Results: The study found that the village had a 204.04 kWh/day average energy demand with a 31 kW/day peak load, a 4.5 kWh/day deferrable load, and 0.9kWh/day peak deferrable load. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed system was a feasible solution to electrify Adem Tuleman. A financial analysis indicated that the project would have an initial capital cost of $24,817.00, an operating and maintenance cost of $12,862.00, and a total net present value of $189,233.00.The minimum cost of energy obtained was $0.195/kWh.Conclusion: The simulation result indicates that the proposed standalone hybrid system would be a climate smart and feasible solution for electrify remote village. Moreover, hybrid energy systems allow the effective way of utilizing available renewable energy in the village and providing clean energy which can alleviate energy poverty in many remote sites of Ethiopia.

Selection of Renewable Energy Sources for Buildings

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-97
Author(s):  
Hanna Irena Jędrzejuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Technical Systems

This chapter describes a general issue of selecting renewable energy sources (RES) and technical systems. To achieve the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) standard, application of an RES (e.g., solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, and biomass energy) is necessary. Each type of RES has specific characteristics and can be used to produce electricity and/or heat in certain systems. A short review of various systems using renewable energy sources is presented. To find the required and satisfactory solution that guaranties meeting the nZEB standard, an analysis must be carried out considering a number of aspects: local availability, structure and time-dependence of energy demand, building construction, economic conditions, legal regulations, and specific requirements. Finally, two examples of modernisation towards the nZEB standard are included.

scholarly journals Optimal Power Dispatch and Reliability Analysis of Hybrid CHP-PV-Wind Systems in Farming Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheed Lekan Gbadamosi ◽  
Nnamdi I. Nwulu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Power Dispatch

Renewable energy sources (RES) are seen as potential alternative energy sources for rural communities to meet energy demand where electricity supply is inaccessible. Wind and Photo-Voltaic (PV) power is seen as mature and sustainable alternatives for rural electrification. This paper discusses the optimal power dispatch for hybrid combined heat and power (CHP), wind, PV and battery systems with a view to determining the operation of the hybrid system for farming applications. This is accomplished by considering the basic power system probability concepts to assess the performance of the reliability indices. The proposed mathematical model seeks to minimize the system operation costs from CHP. The developed model was validated on five case studies with the same load profile, solar radiation, wind speed and CHP generating unit parameters and solved using a CPLEX solver embedded in Algebraic Modelling Language. The sensitivity analysis performed indicates that the hybrid system achieved a higher reliability as compared to other case studies. The result shows 48% of energy cost reduction is achievable when considering the proposed hybrid CHP, wind, PV and battery system as compared to energy supply via CHP.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Hybrid Power System Along With Conventional Energy Sources for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5971-5977 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

The energy demand within the world has improved for a few reasons because of technical advancements, increasing enterprises, and increasing commercial energy consumption. Sufficient energy models will support the accurate use of renewable resources like solar, wind, biomass, biogas, and the fuel cell is a portion of the advantages used. Hybrid energy systems of these advantages will contribute viably to sustainable development and electrification in rural areas that do not access power grids. This study reviews the performance analysis of hybrid system along with conventional resources for sustainable development in remote areas. This paper also reviews the recent trends in energy usage from available renewable energy sources in addition to examine an expansive review of the performance analysis of different hybrid energy technologies in rural areas. It is also discussed the relative investigation of hybrid energy systems along with conventional energy sources particularly suited to the small and isolated areas supported by the literature. In continuation of this, the paper also discusses the future energy sources.

Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Wind and Solar Renewable Energy System

2021 ◽  
pp. 539-577
Author(s):  
Diriba Kajela Geleta ◽  
Mukhdeep Singh Manshahia
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village

If properly designed and utilized, earth has rich potential of clean energy in satisfying the energy demand of the world. In this chapter, nature-inspired methodology was employed to optimize hybrids of renewable energy system in the case of Jeldu district of Ethiopia. The main goal of the researchers here is to minimize the total annual cost of the system, which can be designed by using appropriate numbers of components based on the pre-designed constraints to satisfy the load demand. MATLAB code was designed for the proposed methodology, and the results were discussed. It was seen from the result that the proposed approach has solved the optimum sizing of defined problem with high convergence. The results show that energy demand of the village can be optimally satisfied by the use of wind and solar hybrid system. Moreover, the application of this chapter is important for countries like Ethiopia to increase access to electricity.

scholarly journals Investigation of Optimal Hybrid Energy Systems Using Available Energy Sources in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5794
Author(s):  
Fazlur Rashid ◽  
Md. Emdadul Hoque ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Talukdar Nazmus Sakib ◽  
Md. Tariqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

The aims of this paper are to develop hybrid energy systems considering biomass energy sources as well as a framework and optimal configuration of hybrid systems of energy for a southern sub-urban area of Bhola district in Bangladesh, named Kukri Mukri island, and analyse the feasibility of the techno-economic prospects of these systems. In this work, electrification for the rural area is analysed for different configurations of the hybrid systems. The estimation of available resources with optimal sizing and analysis of techno-economic aspects is done through HOMER Pro software to satisfy the demand of peak load. Different configurations of hybrid energy systems, including PV/diesel, PV/wind, PV/diesel/wind, PV/wind/diesel/biomass, and wind/diesel, are analysed and compared through optimization of different energy sources in HOMER. The size of the system and components are optimized and designed depending on the net present cost (NPC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Due to the lower availability and rising cost of wind energy, the outcome of this work shows a solar-based photovoltaic (PV) as the main energy source, battery as the storage media, and diesel generator as an energy source for backup. The results indicate that LCOE is much lower for PV/wind/diesel/biomass (0.142 USD/kWh) than PV/diesel (0.199 USD/kWh), PV/wind (0.239 USD/kWh), PV/diesel/wind (0.167 USD/kWh), PV/diesel (0.343 USD/kWh), and wind/diesel (0.175 USD/kWh). Additionally, it is demonstrated from the research that the genetic algorithm (GA) process gives sustainable and cost-effective outcomes compared to HOMER.

Selection of Renewable Energy Sources for Buildings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1198-1226
Author(s):  
Hanna Irena Jędrzejuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Technical Systems

This chapter describes a general issue of selecting renewable energy sources (RES) and technical systems. To achieve the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) standard, application of an RES (e.g., solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, and biomass energy) is necessary. Each type of RES has specific characteristics and can be used to produce electricity and/or heat in certain systems. A short review of various systems using renewable energy sources is presented. To find the required and satisfactory solution that guaranties meeting the nZEB standard, an analysis must be carried out considering a number of aspects: local availability, structure and time-dependence of energy demand, building construction, economic conditions, legal regulations, and specific requirements. Finally, two examples of modernisation towards the nZEB standard are included.

Decarbonizing the Energy Supply May Increase Energy Demand

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard York
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Environmental Implications

In order to limit human impact on the global climate, it is necessary to decarbonize the energy supply of nations by adopting clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels. However, as I show here on the basis of an analysis of cross-national time-series data for the past five decades, reducing the carbon intensity of overall energy use is associated with higher energy use, and reducing the carbon intensity of electricity production is associated with higher electricity production. These findings suggest that adding noncarbon and low-carbon energy generation capacity may be connected with processes that spur energy demand. This has important environmental implications, since alternative energy sources have serious environmental impacts of their own. The policy challenge is to ensure that clean energy sources replace rather than add to carbon-based energy.

scholarly journals ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SALINITY EXCHANGE IN POLYECTROLYTE-COATED ELECTRODES. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ahualli ◽  
María Luisa L. Jiménez Olivares ◽  
Zoraida Amador Carrasco ◽  
María M. Fernández ◽  
Guillermo R. Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Coated Electrodes

It is now indisputable that clean energy sources must fulfill the increase in energy demand of all societies. For such a challenge, every small step on any renewable source counts....

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450011 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHIGANG TIAN ◽  
AMIR AHMAD SEIFI
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy

A hybrid energy system integrates renewable energy sources like wind, solar, micro-hydro and biomass, fossil fuel power generators such as diesel generators and energy storage. Hybrid energy system is an excellent option for providing electricity for remote and rural locations where access to grid is not feasible or economical. Reliability and cost-effectiveness are the two most important objectives when designing a hybrid energy system. One challenge is that the existing methods do not consider the time-varying characteristics of the renewable sources and the energy demand over a year, while the distributions of a power source or demand are different over the period, and multiple power sources can often times complement one another. In this paper, a reliability analysis method is developed to address this challenge, where wind and solar are the two renewable energy sources that are considered. The cost evaluation of hybrid energy systems is presented. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the proposed method.

Comparative Energy Cost Analysis of Hybrid System and Diesel Generator in Powering Selected Base Transceiver Stations in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ozaveshe Oviroh ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen ◽  
Nosa Idusuyi ◽  
Olushola Gbadeyan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Prohibitive Cost ◽  
The Cost

The rapid increase in global communication infrastructure in developing countries has drawn significant attention to the telecom sector. However, the dismal performance of the power sector in some countries like Nigeria poses a great challenge to the telecom industry which requires a reliable, efficient and environmentally friendly energy supply. Unstable electric grids, an erratic power supply, non-availability of trained and skilled personnel, and a prohibitive cost of site maintenance cumulatively have increased the need to harness abundant renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. A comparative study of the viability of solar-diesel hybrid against diesel-only generator systems in powering a base station using the cost of kilowatt hour (kWh) self-generated electricity and levelised cost of energy (LCOE) was undertaken using data from some sites located in the Southwest (SW) and the Northeast (NE) regions of Nigeria. Homer Pro Software was used in data analysis. The results obtained showed that with a hybrid energy system (solar and diesel generator), there were 79% savings in fuel consumption, 83.2% savings in operation and maintenance cost for the hybrid energy system in the SW. The savings on fueling as a result of the use of hybrid systems was 86%, and the carbon footprint reduction was 76%. Furthermore, the cost of operation was reduced by 51% for Northeast. The LCOE for the solar hybrid system was determined to be $1.44 for NE1A and NE1B while that of NE2A was $1.46 and NE2B $1.47.

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