Experimental Investigation On a Novel Design of Hemispherical Solar Distiller With v-Corrugated Iron Trays And Wick Materials For Improving Freshwater Production

Abstract The low energy efficiency of the solar distillers is one of the most key barriers to their effectual usage in the desalination domain. In this work, an experimental investigation was conducted to enhance the freshwater productivity of the hemispherical solar distiller. This was achieved by utilizing flat and v-corrugated iron trays configurations on the bottom of the distiller basin in order to increase the vaporization surface area for better heat transfer of saline water. Three distillers were designed and examined; namely, conventional hemispherical solar distiller (CHSD), hemispherical solar distiller with flat iron trays (HSD-FIT), and hemispherical solar distiller with v-corrugated iron trays (HSD-VIT). Moreover, the effects of using wick materials (WM) in the basin of HSD-FIT and HSD-VIT have been also investigated and compared to that of CHSD. A comparative thermo-economic analysis of HSD-VITWM, HSD-FITWM, HSD-VIT, HSD-FIT, and CHSD has been conducted to determine the better modification that maximizes the performance of hemispherical stills. Experiments were carried out at the desert climate conditions of El-Oued (33°27′N, 7°11′E), Algeria. The results showed that all modifications revealed good thermo-economic performance enhancements and the HSD-VITWM achieved the maximal improvement from both freshwater production and energo-economic performance. The freshwater productivity and energy efficiency of the HSD-VITWM were improved by 83.12 and 81.67%, respectively, relative to CHSD. Additionally, the cost of freshwater production was lowered by 41.72%.

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Efficiency Centered Maintenance of Preheat Train of a Crude Oil Distillation Unit

Volume 8: Energy ◽

10.1115/imece2020-23186 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

J. Fajardo ◽

D. Yabrudy ◽

D. Barreto ◽

C. Negrete ◽

B. Sarria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽

Heat Exchanger ◽

Transfer Coefficient ◽

Operational Reliability ◽

Distillation Unit ◽

Maintenance Costs ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

The Cost

Abstract Nowadays, maintenance is based on the synergistic integration of operational reliability and timely maintenance, which guarantees the required availability and optimal cost. Operational reliability implies producing more, better performance, longer life, and availability. Timely maintenance involves the least time out of service, fewer maintenance costs, fewer operating costs, and less money. In this work, we study the preheating train of a crude distillation unit of a refinery, which processes 994 m3/h, which presents a formation of a fouling layer inside it. Among the impacts of fouling is the reduction in the effectiveness of heat transfer, the increase in fuel consumption, the increase in CO2 emissions, the increase in maintenance costs, and the decrease in the profit margin of process. An appropriate cleaning program of the surface of the heat exchanger network is necessary to preserve its key performance parameters, preferably close to design values. This paper presents the maintenance method centered on energy efficiency, to plan the intervention of the preheating train equipment maintenance, which considers the economic energy improvement and the cost of the type of maintenance. The method requires the calculation of the fouling evolution from which the global heat transfer coefficient is obtained, and the heat flux is determined as a function of time. It was observed that, as time passes, the resistance provided by fouling increases and that the overall heat transfer coefficient decreases. The energy efficiency centered maintenance has an indicator of economic justification (factor J) that relates the economic-energy improvement achieved when performing maintenance, taking into account the economic effort invested. Depending on the cost of the type of maintenance to be performed, a threshold should be chosen, from which the maintenance activity is justified. The effectiveness values of the heat exchanger (ε) and the J indicator are used to form a criticality matrix, which allows prioritizing maintenance activities in each equipment. The planning of the implementation dates of the maintenance of each heat exchanger, from the maintenance method centered on energy efficiency applied to the crude distillation unit’s, preheat train, constitutes a contribution in this specific field. The conceptual design of the maintenance method centered on energy efficiency presented in this work is feasible for other heat transfer equipment used in oil refineries and industry in general. The procedure developed uses real operation values, and with its implementation, a saving of 150000 US dollars was achieved.

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Analysis of energy efficiency of polder of pumping stations in a Slavsk district of the Kaliningrad region

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2020-2-15-20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Yuriy Spirin ◽

Vladimir Puntusov

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Drainage Rate ◽

Pumping Stations ◽

Kaliningrad Region ◽

Pumping Equipment ◽

Excess Power ◽

The Cost ◽

Domestic Power

In the Kaliningrad region there are about 70 % of all polder lands in Russia. On these lands with high potential fertility, it is advisable to intensive agriculture. The area for the average moisture year is an area with excessive moisture, which indicates the need to maintain the rate of drainage on agricultural land. Many different factors play a role in ensuring the drainage rate, one of which is pumping stations and pumping equipment installed on them. An important parameter in the use of pump-power equipment is energy consumption, since in this industry it is a considerable expense item. Improving the energy efficiency of pumping stations on polders is a pressing issue today. At the majority of polder pumping stations, domestic power pumping equipment is installed with excess power and head of 4–8 meters, and a new one is selected based on the maximum possible head in a given place. In the Kaliningrad region, the energy efficiency of polder pumping equipment has never been analyzed. In this paper, a statistical processing of the geodesic pressure of water at the polder pumping stations of the Slavsk region for 2000–2002 was carried out. On the basis of these data and data on the hydraulic characteristics of pressure pipelines, the calculated water pressures were determined for the rational selection of pumping equipment. The calculation of the economic efficiency of pumps with optimal power compared with pumps of excess capacity. The results of the study can serve as a justification for the transition to the pumping equipment with less power and pressure, which will lead to a decrease in the cost of money for electricity.

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