scholarly journals Complete Genomic Sequencing of Canine Distemper Virus With Nanopore Technology During an Epizootic Event

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Lanszki ◽  
Gábor E. Tóth ◽  
Éva Schütz ◽  
Safia Zeghbib ◽  
Miklós Rusvai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Genomic

Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) endangers a wide range of wild animal populations and can cross species barriers, representing a significant conservational and animal health risk around the globe. During spring to autumn 2021, according to our current estimates a minimum of 50 wild live red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) died of CDV in Hungary, with CDV lesions. Oral, nasal and rectal swab samples were RT-PCR screened for Canine Distemper Virus from red fox carcasses. To investigate in more detail the origins of these CDV strains, 19 complete genomes were sequenced with a pan-genotype CDV-specific amplicon-based sequencing method developed by our laboratory and optimized for Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomic sequences and separately the hemagglutinin gene sequences revealed the role of the Europe lineage of CDV as a causative agent for the current epizootic. Here we highlight the growing importance of fast developing rapid sequencing technologies to aid rapid response activities during epidemics or epizootic events. We also emphasize the urgent need for improved surveillance of CDV, considering the epizootic capability of enzootic strains as reported in the current study. For such future efforts, we provide a novel NGS protocol, which facilitates future genomic surveillance studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibodies against Canine Distemper Virus among Red Foxes in Luxembourg

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Damien ◽  
Byron E. E. Martina ◽  
Serge Losch ◽  
Joël Mossong ◽  
Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Red Foxes

scholarly journals Sustained Replication of Synthetic Canine Distemper Virus Defective Genomes In Vitro and In Vivo

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel ◽  
Stephen R. Welch ◽  
Sham Nambulli ◽  
Rory D. de Vries ◽  
Gregory W. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Sequencing Technologies

Defective interfering (DI) genomes have long been considered inconvenient artifacts that suppressed viral replication in vitro . However, advances in sequencing technologies have led to DI genomes being identified in clinical samples, implicating them in disease progression and outcome.

SAFETY AND SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO MULTIVALENT CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS VACCINE IN RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso ◽  
Christian Mathieu-Benson ◽  
Sebastian Celis-Diez ◽  
Pilar Soto-Guerrero ◽  
Soledad Carmona-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Red Foxes

scholarly journals Evolution and Interspecies Transmission of Canine Distemper Virus—An Outlook of the Diverse Evolutionary Landscapes of a Multi-Host Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
July Duque-Valencia ◽  
Nicolás Sarute ◽  
Ximena A. Olarte-Castillo ◽  
Julián Ruíz-Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Animal Populations

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a worldwide distributed virus which belongs to the genus Morbillivirus within the Paramyxoviridae family. CDV spreads through the lymphatic, epithelial, and nervous systems of domestic dogs and wildlife, in at least six orders and over 20 families of mammals. Due to the high morbidity and mortality rates and broad host range, understanding the epidemiology of CDV is not only important for its control in domestic animals, but also for the development of reliable wildlife conservation strategies. The present review aims to give an outlook of the multiple evolutionary landscapes and factors involved in the transmission of CDV by including epidemiological data from multiple species in urban, wild and peri-urban settings, not only in domestic animal populations but at the wildlife interface. It is clear that different epidemiological scenarios can lead to the presence of CDV in wildlife even in the absence of infection in domestic populations, highlighting the role of CDV in different domestic or wild species without clinical signs of disease mainly acting as reservoirs (peridomestic and mesocarnivores) that are often found in peridomestic habits triggering CDV epidemics. Another scenario is driven by mutations, which generate genetic variation on which random drift and natural selection can act, shaping the genetic structure of CDV populations leading to some fitness compensations between hosts and driving the evolution of specialist and generalist traits in CDV populations. In this scenario, the highly variable protein hemagglutinin (H) determines the cellular and host tropism by binding to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4 receptors of the host; however, the multiple evolutionary events that may have facilitated CDV adaptation to different hosts must be evaluated by complete genome sequencing. This review is focused on the study of CDV interspecies transmission by examining molecular and epidemiological reports based on sequences of the hemagglutinin gene and the growing body of studies of the complete genome; emphasizing the importance of long-term multidisciplinary research that tracks CDV in the presence or absence of clinical signs in wild species, and helping to implement strategies to mitigate the infection. Integrated research incorporating the experience of wildlife managers, behavioral and conservation biologists, veterinarians, virologists, and immunologists (among other scientific areas) and the inclusion of several wild and domestic species is essential for understanding the intricate epidemiological dynamics of CDV in its multiple host infections.

Pathology of cryptosporidiosis in raccoons: case series and retrospective analysis, 1990–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110119
Author(s):  
Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo ◽  
Matthew F. Sheley ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal ◽  
Mauricio A. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal protozoal disease of public health importance caused by Cryptosporidium spp. Despite the high synanthropism of raccoons, studies describing the pathology of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in this species are lacking. Therefore, we characterized the pathology of cryptosporidiosis in 2 juvenile raccoons. In addition, we conducted a retrospective search of the database of the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory for 1990–2019 and found 6 additional cases of cryptosporidiosis in raccoons. Sequencing of cryptosporidia was performed in one autopsied raccoon, and PCR on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues in archived cases. The Cryptosporidium skunk genotype (CSkG), a strain of zoonotic relevance, was detected in 6 of 8 cases (75%). Frequently, cryptosporidiosis was associated with enteritis, eosinophilic infiltrates, villus atrophy or blunting and/or fusion, and crypt abscesses or necrosis. In 7 of the 8 cases, there was confirmed concurrent coinfection with canine distemper virus; 1 case was coinfected with canine parvovirus. Although crypt necrosis is considered a classic lesion of canine parvoviral infection in mesocarnivores and not a hallmark of cryptosporidiosis, results suggest that canine distemper virus is capable of mimicking such lesions in combination with cryptosporidia and immunosuppression.

Detection and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus (CDV) from free-ranging red foxes in Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Martella ◽  
A. Pratelli ◽  
F. Cirone ◽  
N. Zizzo ◽  
N. Decaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Prolonged Infection of Canine Distemper Virus in a Mixed-Breed Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Zsófia Lanszki ◽  
Brigitta Zana ◽  
Safia Zeghbib ◽  
Ferenc Jakab ◽  
Nikoletta Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Long Course

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a major viral pathogen in domestic dogs, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, in the Morbillivirus genus. It is present worldwide, and a wide range of domestic animals and wild carnivores are at risk. In the absence of vaccination, dogs have a low chance of survival; however, if and when a dog survives, it can take an average of a few weeks to a few months to fully wipe out the virus. In the present study, we traced the course of infection of a 1-year-old mixed-breed male dog. The animal had an unusually long course of persistent CDV infection with a vector-borne heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) co-infection. The dog excreted the CDV for 17 months with PCR positivity in urine samples collected from February 2019 through June 2020. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene revealed the CDV to be the member of the endemic Arctic-like genetic lineage. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the longest documented canine infection of CDV. Notably, we highlight the necessity regarding CDV infectivity studies to better comprehend the transmission attributes of the virus.

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