The Relationship Between Long-term, Low-dose Macrolide Therapy and Acute Exacerbation in Idiopathic Bronchiectasis Classified by High-resolution Computed Tomography

Abstract Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and long-term, low-dose macrolide therapy has been established as a diagnostic method and treatment for bronchiectasis. HRCT correlates with clinical symptoms, respiratory function and quality of life in bronchiectasis. However, whether it will lead to reduction of macrolide therapy effects is unknown. We investigated the relationship between the efficacy of macrolide therapy and severity assessment performed by HRCT in idiopathic bronchiectasis.Methods: Ninety-nine patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis were selected. Acute exacerbation (AE) incidence was set as a comparison factor for the treatment effect. First, patients were divided into the severe and non-severe group based on HRCT. The severe group was defined to have abnormal findings in three or more lobes and in both lungs and the non-severe group as having two or fewer lobes or one side of the lung. Next, each group was divided into subgroups with and without macrolide therapy. Finally, the relationship between macrolide therapy and the AE incidence in each subgroup was compared.Results: Among the 99 idiopathic patients, 50 and 49 were included in the non-severe and severe groups, respectively. In the non-severe group, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly less AE than the subgroup without macrolide (odds ratio [OR] = 0.10, P < 0.036). No significant difference was found in the severe group (OR = 0.70, P = 0.57).Conclusions: HRCT may be useful in predicting the effect of long-term, low-dose macrolide therapy for idiopathic bronchiectasis.

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The Role of Transthoracic Ultrasound in the Study of Interstitial Lung Diseases: High-Resolution Computed Tomography Versus Ultrasound Patterns: Our Preliminary Experience

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

Donato Lacedonia ◽

Giulia Scioscia ◽

Angelamaria Giardinelli ◽

Carla Maria Irene Quarato ◽

Ennio Vincenzo Sassani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Pleural Line ◽

Complementary Role ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Transthoracic Ultrasound

Transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a readily available imaging tool that can provide a quick real-time evaluation. The aim of this preliminary study was to establish a complementary role for this imaging method in the approach of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). TUS examination was performed in 43 consecutive patients with pulmonary fibrosis and TUS findings were compared with the corresponding high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. All patients showed a thickened hyperechoic pleural line, despite no difference between dominant HRCT patterns (ground glass, honeycombing, mixed pattern) being recorded (p > 0.05). However, pleural lines’ thickening showed a significant difference between different HRCT degree of fibrosis (p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with functional parameters. The presence of >3 B-lines and subpleural nodules was also assessed in a large number of patients, although they did not demonstrate any particular association with a specific HRCT finding or fibrotic degree. Results allow us to suggest a complementary role for TUS in facilitating an early diagnosis of ILD or helping to detect a possible disease progression or eventual complications during routine clinical practice (with pleural line measurements and subpleural nodules), although HRCT remains the gold standard in the definition of ILD pattern, disease extent and follow-up.

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Long-term follow up after bony mastoid and epitympanic obliteration: radiological findings

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221510999106x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J-P Vercruysse ◽

B De Foer ◽

T Somers ◽

J Casselman ◽

E Offeciers

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Canal Wall ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Echo Planar ◽

Canal Wall Up

AbstractObjective:The canal wall up bony obliteration technique lowers the incidence of recurrent cholesteatoma, but carries the potential risk of obliterating residual cholesteatoma. The objective of this study was to report long-term follow-up radiological findings after performing a canal wall up bony obliteration technique procedure, in order to detect residual and/or recurrent cholesteatoma.Patients:Fifty-one patients presenting with a cholesteatoma or a troublesome cavity were operated upon using the canal wall up bony obliteration technique, and were evaluated by follow-up imaging a mean of 76.4 months post-operatively (range, 53.8–113.6 months).Intervention:All patients were evaluated with high resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (including delayed contrast, T1-weighted imaging and non-echo-planar, diffusion-weighted imaging).Results:Imaging revealed the presence of one residual, one recurrent and one congenital petrosal apex cholesteatoma. On high resolution computed tomography, completely obliterated mastoid filled with bone was observed in 74.5 per cent (38/51) of patients, and an aerated middle-ear cavity in 64.7 per cent (33/51). High resolution computed tomography clearly detected any associated soft tissue present in the middle-ear cavity (18/51) and in the obliterated mastoids (13/51), but could not characterise this tissue. Non-echo-planar, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging clearly identified all three cholesteatomas, and differentiated them from other associated soft tissues. No cholesteatoma was found within the obliterated mastoids.Conclusion:Long-term follow up indicated that the canal wall up bony obliteration technique is a safe method with which to treat primary and recurrent cholesteatoma and to reconstruct unstable cavities. Soft tissue was found quite often in the middle ear and obliterated mastoids. High resolution computed tomography identified its presence but could not further characterise it. However, non-echo-planar, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging succeeded in differentiating soft tissues, enabling detection of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma after a canal wall up bony obliteration technique procedure.

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Risk of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography

Surgery Today ◽

10.1007/s00595-010-4384-z ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 914-921 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Hidemi Suzuki ◽

Yasuo Sekine ◽

Shigetoshi Yoshida ◽

Makoto Suzuki ◽

Kiyoshi Shibuya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

High Resolution ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Interstitial Pneumonia ◽

Pulmonary Resection ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography

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Imaging features of IRIS caused by AIDS and complicated by tuberculosis

Infection International ◽

10.1515/ii-2017-0155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Wei Li ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Guiming Zhou

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Common Complication ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Imaging Research ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Inflammatory Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), a common complication of AIDS, is further complicated by tuberculosis. Its clinical symptoms lack specificity but can be evaluated using diagnostic imaging. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is useful in evaluating the morphology and internal microstructure of lesions associated with the syndrome, as well as the relationship of the internal microstructure with the surrounding tissues. This paper summarizes the present state and progress of imaging research on IRIS caused by AIDS and complicated by tuberculosis.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH‐RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES IN AUTOPSY CASES WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Respirology ◽

10.1111/resp.13699_199 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (S2) ◽

pp. 67-67

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

High Resolution ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Histopathological Features ◽

The Relationship

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Evaluation of Correlations between Genetic Variants and High-Resolution Computed Tomography Patterns in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 762

Author(s):

Elisa Baratella ◽

Barbara Ruaro ◽

Fabiola Giudici ◽

Barbara Wade ◽

Mario Santagiuliana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Genetic Evaluations

Background. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). This prospective observational study aimed at the evaluation of any correlation between genetic variants associated with IPF susceptibility and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns. It also aimed at evidencing any differences in the HRTC pattern between the familial and sporadic form at diagnosis and after two years. Methods. A total of 65 IPF patients (mean age at diagnosis 65 ± 10) were enrolled after having given written informed consent. HRCT and genetic evaluations were performed. Results. A total of 19 familial (mean age 62 ± 15) and 46 sporadic (mean age 70 ± 9) IPF patients were enrolled. A statistically significant difference was evidenced in the HRTC pattern at diagnosis between the two groups. Sporadic IPF patients had a predominantly usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern compared with those patients with familial IPF (60.0% vs. 21.1%, respectively). Moreover, familial IPF patients had more alternative diagnoses than those with sporadic IPF (31.6% vs. 2.2%, respectively). Furthermore, there was a slight increase in the typical UIP pattern in the familial IPF group at two years from diagnosis. Conclusions. Genetic factors play a pivotal role in the risk of developing IPF. However, further studies are required to clarify how these genetic factors may guide clinical treatment decisions.

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