Nanomaterials for Sustainability: A Review on Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Microorganisms

Abstract Nanotechnology has permeated all areas of sciences as one of the most propitious technology with the deployment of nanoparticles in environmental remediation and biomedical fields; their synthesis under greener conditions has been bourgeoned using microorganisms, plants, etc. to decrease the use of toxic chemicals. Synthesis of nanoparticles by exploiting microorganisms has opened up a new prospect at the interface of nanotechnology, chemistry, and biology enabling access via a biocompatible, safe, sustainable, eco-friendly, and reliable route; microorganisms offer crystal growth, stabilization, and prevention of aggregation thus performing a dual role of reducing and capping agent because of the presence of biomolecules such as enzymes, peptides, poly (amino acids), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and polysaccharides. Herein, the microorganisms-based synthesis of various nanoparticles comprising gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and selenium along with their appliances in waste treatment, biomedicine namely cancer treatment, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidants, are deliberated.

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Role of Capping Agent in Wet Synthesis of Nanoparticles

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A ◽

10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02186 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 121 (17) ◽

pp. 3213-3219 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Chi M. Phan ◽

Hoang M. Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Capping Agent ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Wet Synthesis

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Role of Capping Agent for the Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensing of Different Materials Using Metal Nanoparticles

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411017666210617092818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi ◽

Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽

Sirajuddin ◽

Xiuzhu Yu

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Metal Nanoparticles ◽

Capping Agent ◽

Capping Agents ◽

Fluorescent Sensing ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Types ◽

Selection Of

Background: The selection of capping agent depends on the method of synthesis, nature of nanoparticles (NPs), and type of the compounds to be analyzed. Therefore, different types of capping agents such as surfactants, drugs, amino acids, fatty acids, and polymers are used to increase stability of NPs, avoid aggregation, keeping NPs away from one another, and achieve desired morphology as well as the size of NPs. Introduction: Recently, the fabrication nanoparticle has been extensively carried out using chemical synthetic route and a wide range of material. In this review, a comprehensive assessment of the colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of metal nanoparticles using different capped agents such as surfactants, drugs, amino acids, fatty acids, and polymers has been summarized for the present and future strategies. Method: For the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, different methods, metals and a variety of capping agents are used to obtain new properties and to explore opportunities of innovative applications. Result: Capping agents perform their significant role as stabilizers to avoid the over-growth and coagulation of nanoparticles. Conclusion: Capping agents play an essential role in the colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of metal nanoparticles for particular analytes.

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Role of Laser and Consciousness on the Nanoparticles: A Bio-Assay Study of Zinc Oxide Nano Particle against Culex quinquifasciatus (Say)

International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology ◽

10.23880/izab-16000202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Prakash S

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Human Consciousness ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Aloe Barbadensis ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Dose Concentration ◽

Biological Entities

Can human consciousness affect nano synthesis? Can an observer’s effect be observed during experimentation? This is a significant question for future science. In nano-biotechnology, we can incorporate the uses of biological entities in the synthesis of nanoparticles. We have observed that the gel extract of Aloe barbadensis Mill. Integrated with Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) can actively act against Culex quinquifasciatus (Say) larvae. This is validated by the characterization of synthesized ZnO NPs via UV-Vis Spectroscopy, XRD and DLS analysis techniques. The efficacy test of synthesized ZnO NPs has been performed against different instars of Culex larvae. By increasing dose concentration of nanoparticles, % mortality also increased. It is also attempted to study how the amalgamation of Laser and Human consciousness can affect the geometry of nanoparticles, therefore by further experimentation we can predict about subtler energy levels of human attention which can also modify nano synthesis.

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Chemical Transmission in the Brain: The Role of Amines, Amino Acids and Peptides, Proceedings of the 12th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

10.1016/s0079-6123(08)x6121-7 ◽

1982 ◽

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Summer School ◽

Brain Research ◽

Arts And Sciences ◽

Royal Netherlands Academy ◽

The Brain ◽

International Summer School ◽

Chemical Transmission

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Role of amino acids and micronutrients on biosynthesis of spiramycins

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology ◽

10.1002/jctb.280310126 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Ashy ◽

Abd El-Galil ◽

M. Khalil ◽

Abou-Zeid A. Abou-Zeid

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids

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Directive Effect of Chain Length in Modulating Peptide Nano-assemblies

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866527666200224114627 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 923-929

Author(s):

Gaurav Pandey ◽

Prem Prakash Das ◽

Vibin Ramakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Light Scattering ◽

Chain Length ◽

Self Assembly ◽

The Self ◽

Ionic Charge ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Biophysical Techniques

Background: RADA-4 (Ac-RADARADARADARADA-NH2) is the most extensively studied and marketed self-assembling peptide, forming hydrogel, used to create defined threedimensional microenvironments for cell culture applications. Objectives: In this work, we use various biophysical techniques to investigate the length dependency of RADA aggregation and assembly. Methods: We synthesized a series of RADA-N peptides, N ranging from 1 to 4, resulting in four peptides having 4, 8, 12, and 16 amino acids in their sequence. Through a combination of various biophysical methods including thioflavin T fluorescence assay, static right angle light scattering assay, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), electron microscopy, CD, and IR spectroscopy, we have examined the role of chain-length on the self-assembly of RADA peptide. Results: Our observations show that the aggregation of ionic, charge-complementary RADA motifcontaining peptides is length-dependent, with N less than 3 are not forming spontaneous selfassemblies. Conclusion: The six biophysical experiments discussed in this paper validate the significance of chain-length on the epitaxial growth of RADA peptide self-assembly.

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10 THE ROLE OF DIETARY L-SERINE IN THE REGULATION OF INTESTINAL MUCUS BARRIER DURING INFLAMMATION

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/zaa010.110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S42-S42

Author(s):

Kohei Sugihara ◽

Nobuhiko Kamada

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Control Diet ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Germ Free ◽

Intestinal Mucus ◽

Gnotobiotic Mice ◽

Mucus Barrier

Abstract Background Recent accumulating evidence suggests that amino acids have crucial roles in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), amino acid metabolism is changed in both host and the gut microbiota. Among amino acids, L-serine plays a central role in several metabolic processes that are essential for the growth and survival of both mammalian and bacterial cells. However, the role of L-serine in intestinal homeostasis and IBD remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary L-serine on intestinal inflammation in a murine model of colitis. Methods Specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice were fed either a control diet (amino acid-based diet) or an L-serine-deficient diet (SDD). Colitis was induced by the treatment of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. We also evaluate the effect of dietary L-serine in germ-free mice and gnotobiotic mice that were colonized by a consortium of non-mucolytic bacterial strains or the consortium plus mucolytic bacterial strains. Results We found that the SDD exacerbated experimental colitis in SPF mice. However, the severity of colitis in SDD-fed mice was comparable to control diet-fed mice in germ-free condition, suggesting that the gut microbiota is required for exacerbation of colitis caused by the restriction of dietary L-serine. The gut microbiome analysis revealed that dietary L-serine restriction fosters the blooms of a mucus-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in the inflamed gut. Consistent with the expansion of mucolytic bacteria, SDD-fed mice showed a loss of the intestinal mucus layer. Dysfunction of the mucus barrier resulted in increased intestinal permeability, thereby leading to bacterial translocation to the intestinal mucosa, which subsequently increased the severity of colitis. The increased intestinal permeability and subsequent bacterial translocation were observed in SDD-fed gnotobiotic mice that colonized by mucolytic bacteria. In contrast, dietary L-serine restriction did not alter intestinal barrier integrity in gnotobiotic mice that colonized only by non-mucolytic bacteria. Conclusion Our results suggest that dietary L-serine regulates the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier during inflammation by limiting the expansion of mucus degrading bacteria.

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Reconstitution in Proteoliposomes of the Recombinant Human Riboflavin Transporter 2 (SLC52A2) Overexpressed in E. coli

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184416 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4416 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lara Console ◽

Maria Tolomeo ◽

Matilde Colella ◽

Maria Barile ◽

Cesare Indiveri

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Native Protein ◽

E Coli ◽

Few Data ◽

Riboflavin Transport

Background: the SLC52A2 gene encodes for the riboflavin transporter 2 (RFVT2). This transporter is ubiquitously expressed. It mediates the transport of Riboflavin across cell membranes. Riboflavin plays a crucial role in cells since its biologically active forms, FMN and FAD, are essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Mutation of the Riboflavin transporters is a risk factor for anemia, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration. Inborn mutations of SLC52A2 are associated with Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome, a rare neurological disorder characterized by infancy onset. In spite of the important metabolic and physio/pathological role of this transporter few data are available on its function and regulation. Methods: the human recombinant RFVT2 has been overexpressed in E. coli, purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes in order to characterize its activity following the [3H]Riboflavin transport. Results: the recombinant hRFVT2 showed a Km of 0.26 ± 0.07 µM and was inhibited by lumiflavin, FMN and Mg2+. The Riboflavin uptake was also regulated by Ca2+. The native protein extracted from fibroblast and reconstituted in proteoliposomes also showed inhibition by FMN and lumiflavin. Conclusions: proteoliposomes represent a suitable model to assay the RFVT2 function. It will be useful for screening the mutation of RFVT2.

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