Evaluation of Fentonʼs Reagent Toxicity to Biomphalaria Alexandrina Snails

Fentonʼs reagent is considered a promising disinfecting agent as it has antimicrobial activity. In the present study, effective antifungal Fenton concentrations were investigated on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails as bio indicators of toxicity. Generally, they resulted in low mortality rate of snails, as only 20% mortality was recorded after 60 min of exposure. Also the activities of two antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in snails’ tissues were investigated at different time intervals. Although the activities of both enzymes were different from control group, there was not a pronounced enhancement or inhibition. In conclusion, certain Fenton concentrations can be used as inexpensive and environmentally- friendly disinfecting agents as they are safe on snails which are good bioindicators of toxicity.

Feeding Experiences of Paulownia Spp . Leaves: Potential Forage Source for Domestic Animals

Paulownia spp . is a very adaptable, fast growing and multi-purpose agroforestry tree. This species is a genus of Asian hardwood trees which have been cultivated there for the past 3000 years. They are native to much of China, south to northern Laos and Vietnam, and long cultivated elsewhere in eastern Asia, notably in Japan and Korea. Paulownia plays a very critical role in providing timber, fuel wood, fodder and food in many countries of the World. Besides its fast-growing nature and several utilization opportunities, Paulownia leaves have similar feeding value to other forage crops. Due to previous studies, it has been reported that Paulownia leaves are suitable for feeding to domestic animals.

Response of a Freshwater Fish Exposed to a Single Dose of Biofertilizer

The study was carried out to observe the effect of this biofertilizer (MOC) on the Body Muscle Protein (BMP) of Channa punctatus having average length 15.26±0.52cm and weight 28.85±5.028gm. At sub lethal concentration (0.42g.l -1 ), fishes were exposed for prolonged period and muscle protein was measured on 0, 7 th , 14 th , 21 th and 28 th days respectively. Five fishes were sacrificed after each day of exposure to estimate the amount of protein concentration in the muscle following Folin-phenol reagent method. A significant (p<0.05) increase in BMP was observed with the advance of days treatment. After an initial fall, the rise in the BMP concentration, indicating the experimental fish were suffered initially and ultimately victorious and able to increase the protein level in their body.

Evaluation Abu-Dleek Sheep Leathers Properties

Abu-Dleek sheep are from animal hair producers and live under arid conditions and hot climate. This study aims to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of Abu-Dleek tanned leathers. Fifteen sheep skins were collected and divided into three tanning groups; chrome tanning, vegetable tanning with quebracho and vegetable tanning with mimosa. After tanning, all tanned leathers were tested physically and chemically. Data showed increments in tensile strengh, tearing strengh, bursing stretch, permeabiliy of water vapor, pH and ash values of chrome tanned leathers versus vegetable tanned leathers. The results declared the superurity of the chrome tanned leathers’ quality, while quebrcho tanned leathers’ quality was surpased mimosa tanned leathers. It could be concluded the convenient of Abu-Dleek tanned leathers to be used in a wide range of manufacuring purposes like garments, bags and lining.

Analysis of Peasant Farmers in Rabbit Production in Sokoto State, Nigeria

The study evaluated the analysis of peasant farmers in rabbit production in Sokoto south local government area in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The procedure involved multi stage sampling t echniques of the sample size and the use of questionnaire was employed. The entire respondents were rabbit farmers. This study examined current trend on small and ultra - small - holder rabbits units in Sokoto south of Sokoto state Nigeria. The methodology com bined questionnaire survey with on - farm monitoring and recording of data in relations to socio - economic characteristics of rabbits keepers, management, constraints and marketing outlets .the result obtained was presented in frequency and percentage table. The study shows that 70% were male while 30% were female. The study also review that 44%, 36%, 12% and 8%represent the ages of rabbits farmers of 25 - 35years, 36 - 45years, 46 - 45years and 56years and above respectively within the study area, it was also revie w that 64%, 20%, and 16% represent the marital status which includes that of single married and widow. the distributions of years of farmers experience in rabbits production is also represented by 20%, 40%, 10%, and 30% of 1 - 6years, 7 - 12years and 19 years and above of experience respectively. It also reveals that the source of breeding stocks by the farmers, i.e. from own stock, other farmers, market and research institutions which was represented by 40%, 20%, 36% and 4% respectively. And with respect to ho using many farmer place their cage outside the house (70%) and also the major disease experience by the farmer is manage (52%) which serves as one of constrains facing the rabbit farmer meanwhile mating of does follows seasonal pattern due to seasonal heat stress. About (52%) farmer noted that does perceptivity and conception rates were markedly low during the dry season. From this study it highly recommended that the farmer should put down the use of personal experience in putting the animal and the extens ion agent should reach out to the rabbit farmers for proper and adequate information and the farmer should make used of stocks from the research institute for stocks replacement/breeding.

Fungal Pectinase Production Optimization and its Application in Buffaloe’s Diets Degradation

Pectinase production for improving buffalo’s diets digestion is the main objective of this work. Effects of fungal strains and different cultivation conditions on pectinase production have been studied. In vitro batch culture technique was used for investigate impact of the produced pectinase compared with commercial pectinase (SMIZYME ® ) on rumen fermentation parameters and diet degradation. Penicillium chrysogenum exhibited the highest pectinase activity at 3 days of incubation period , initial pH 4 of the growth medium, yeast extract as a sole nitrogen source and pomegranate peel as a carbon source at a concentration of 15 % (W/V). Three (g/kg) of the both enzymes supplementation significantly increased treated diet’s dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) degradability with increase total gas production ( TGP) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration. The enlargement of pectinase production locally will lead to animal production improvement, encourage self-reliance and reduce the cost of enzymes importation.

Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Theileriosis in Cattle Calves

The present investigation was carried out among ten cross-bred Cattle calves of age between 1-5 months which were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner with the history of anorexia, high fever, diarrhoea and tick infestation. Upon clinical examination pale mucous membrane, enlarged prescapular lymph nodes and increase in respiration rate and pulse rate were found. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein in vacutainers containing EDTA for haemogram. Microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood smears revealed piroplasms in erythrocytes and lymph node aspirate smears revealed presence of schizonts (Koch’s blue bodies) in lymphocytes. Upon haematological examination it revealed that the decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and lymphocytes, however increase in total leukocyte count and neutrophils. After confirmation of Theileriosis in calves Buparvaquone was administered at the dose rate of 1ml/20kg body weight via intramuscular route. Eight calves were very well responded to the treatment but two calves were eventually died due to severe anaemia.