scholarly journals Intrinsic Network Brain Dysfunction Correlates With Temporal Complexity in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingliang Dai ◽  
Zhou Zhou ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Modulation ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Level ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract BackgroundResearch has been looking into neural pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dynamic functioning connectivity (dFC) applying resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Previous studies showed that PTSD related impairments are associated with alterations distributed across different brain regions and disorganized functional connectivity, especially in Default Mode Network and the cerebellar area. In this study, we specifically looked into dFC on a whole brain level, and we focused on critical regions such as DMN and cerebellum. MethodsTo explore the characteristics of dFC among patients with PTSD, we collected rs-fMRI data from 27 PTSD patients and 30 healthy controls. The study also added a control group of 33 trauma-exposed individuals to further look into trauma impact. Utilizing group spatial independent component analysis (ICA), the dynamic properties on whole brain level were detected with sliding time window approach, and k-means clustering. ResultsTwo reoccurring FC “States” were identified, with connections being more concentrated on a within-network level in one state and more strongly inter-connected in the other state. Abnormalities in dFC were found within DMN, between DMN and cerebellum, and between DMN and visual network. ConclusionsThe findings were in accordance with the study hypothesis that PTSD patients demonstrated deficits in emotional modulation and dysfunctional self-referential thoughts, and the deficits could be indicated in dFC alterations. Abnormalities in dFC among PTSD patients could serve as appropriate indicators of PTSD symptoms including depression and anxiety, hypervigilance, as well as impaired cognitive functioning and self-referential information processing.

Changes of 5-HT1A receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1081-1081
Author(s):  
F.F. Luo ◽  
F. Han ◽  
X.Y. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Raphe ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dorsal Raphé

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized mainly by symptoms of reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal as a consequence of catastrophic and traumatic events that are distinguished from ordinary stressful life events. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is an established animal model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The dorsal raphe nucleus (DR)-serotonin (5-HT) system is dramatically affected by swim stress and has been implicated in affective disorders. The 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) is critically involved in regulating mood and anxiety levels.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated changes in the expression of 5-HT1AR in DR of rats after SPS which may reveal part of the pathogenesis of PTSD.MethodsRats were randomly divided into 24h, 4d and 7d groups after SPS and a normal control group, 5-HT1AR expression in DR was examined using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe expression of 5-HT1AR in DR after SPS exposure was increased when compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest increase of 5-HT1AR in DR of SPS rats, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of secondary post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the spouses of chemical warfare victims 20 years after the Iran–Iraq war

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khodabakhsh Ahmadi ◽  
Mahmood Reshadatjoo ◽  
GholamReza Karami ◽  
Nariman Sepehrvand ◽  
Pegah Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aims and methodPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been reported in 90% of chemical warfare victims in previous studies. An individual's traumatic experience(s) may affect the lives of other family members as well. This cross-sectional case–control study compared the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the husbands, the secondary PTSD symptoms in the wives and also aimed to identify if there was an association between the PTSD symptoms of the couples in the case group. Cases were 150 husband–wife couples where husbands were civilians exposed to chemical warfare; the controls were 156 husband–wife couples where there was no such exposure. Both cases and controls were recruited from Sardasht in Iran; this Kurdish city was attacked by four 250 kg sulphur mustard warheads in June 1987.ResultsAcross three sets of cut-off points for the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD symptomotology (<120 and ⩾121; <106 and ⩾107; and <65, 65–130 and > 130) wives in the case group demonstrated higher rates of PTSD symptoms than did those in the control group; the difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, husbands in the case group had a significantly higher overall mean score (123.0 (s.d. = 17.2)) than the husbands in the control group (112.3 (s.d. = 21.7); P<0.001, t = 4.80). There was no statistically significant association between the overall PTSD score of the husbands in the case group with that of their wives (P = 0.274, correlation coefficient 0.092).Clinical implicationsHusbands who were exposed to the chemical agents reported higher PTSD symptoms and there were higher rates of PTSD symptoms among the wives of individuals who were exposed to chemical warfare. Study results suggest the need for coordinated treatments, policy efforts and interventions to improve the wellbeing of chemical warfare victims and their caregiver wives.

scholarly journals Identification of DNA Methylation Changes That Predict Onset of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Physical Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina A. Martin ◽  
Rany Vorn ◽  
Martin Schrieber ◽  
Chen Lai ◽  
Sijung Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Control

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly experienced after exposure to highly stressful events, including physical trauma, yet, biological predictors remain elusive. Methylation of DNA may provide key insights, as it likely is reflective of factors that may increase the risk in trauma patients, as DNA methylation is altered by previous stressors. Here, we compared DNA methylation patterns using bisulfite sequencing in patients with a physical trauma that required more than a 24-h hospitalization (n = 33). We then compared DNA methylation in patients who developed and compared the following groups (1) PTSD and MDD; n = 12), (2) MDD (patients with MDD only; n = 12), and (3) control (patients who did not have PTSD or MDD; n = 9), determined by the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) at 6-months follow-up. We identified 17 genes with hypermethylated cytosine sites and 2 genes with hypomethylated sites in comparison between PTSD and control group. In comparison between MDD and control group, we identified 12 genes with hypermethylated cytosine sites and 6 genes with hypomethylated sites. Demethylation of these genes altered the CREB signaling pathway in neurons and may represent a promising therapeutic development target for PTSD and MDD. Our findings suggest that epigenetic changes in these gene regions potentially relate to the onset and symptomology of PTSD and MDD and could be used as potential biomarkers in predicting the onset of PTSD or MDD following traumatic events.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Music on Quality of Life and Anxiety Symptoms in the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Bustan Hospital of Ahvaz City

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Ebtesam Jasemi Zergani ◽  
Farah Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

<p>The present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of music on quality of life and anxiety symptoms of the veterans with post traumatic stress disorder in Bustan hospital of Ahvaz City. 40 persons were selected by simple random sampling method from the aforementioned population. The research design was an experimental one of type pretest-posttest with control group. Quality of Life inventory SF-36 (2005) and Spielberger Anxiety inventory (2005) were used for collecting the data. After selecting groups randomly, pretest was implemented on both experiment group (20 persons) and control group (20 persons). Then, music therapy intervention was implemented on the experiment group during 20 sessions each of which with 45 minutes. At the end of subject program, both groups were given posttest. Data were analyzed by using the multivariate covariance analysis. Results showed that presenting music can affect quality of life and anxiety symptoms of the veterans with posttraumatic stress disorders and this effect remained stable after one month of follow-up. Therefore, presenting music can be effective in treating the veterans with stress disorders after the accident.</p>

Post-traumatic stress symptoms linked to hidden Holocaust trauma among adult Finnish evacuees separated from their parents as children in World War II, 1939–1945: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Andersson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic

ABSTRACTBackground: The aim of this study was to identify long-term effects of diagnostic criteria on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) for a test group of Finnish evacuees from World War II and compare the outcome effect with a control group of children who lived in Finland during the war in 1939–1945.Methods: 152 participants were recruited by the local leader of the Finnish War Child Association in Sweden and Finland. The selected group answered questions on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) and the EMBU (Swedish acronym for “Own Memories of Parental Rearing”).Results: Evidence suggests a link between childhood parental separation and termination of the internalized attachment hierarchy of origin in a detachment process among Finnish evacuees. Based on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Total (PCL-C) diagnosis an extreme traumatization for 36.7% of the test group subjects was identified, including a hidden Holocaust trauma in the population of Finnish evacuees.Conclusions: The study met the criteria for satisfying global evidence value. Sixty-five years after the end of World War II and in line with other studies on war children, the data show high levels of different trauma exposures from the war with 10.6 higher risk (odds ratio) for the exposed group of Finnish evacuees. Despite some limitations, the data highlight the need for further investigation into different parts of the detachment process among seriously traumatized groups to reveal resilience and other dimensions of importance in professional mental health creation.

scholarly journals Effect of Psychodrama on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Primary School Students Living in Earthquake-stricken Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-417
Author(s):  
Farideh Hamidi ◽  
◽  
Shoaib Sobhani Tabar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama in reducing the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in primary school students living in earthquake-stricken areas. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test design using a control group. The study population consists of all male primary school students diagnosed with PTSD living in Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah, Iran. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and based on the PTSD criteria, and were then divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). Research instruments were a diagnostic interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria and the PTSD Checklist for DSM5 (PCL-5) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Psychodrama reduced the symptoms of PTSD in children with an effect size of 0.51 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Psychodrama is an effective method for reducing the PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological problems. For the generalization of its results, further studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Combining Ketamine and Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for the Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Emile Philipp-Muller ◽  
Taras Reshetukha ◽  
Gustavo Vazquez ◽  
Roumen Milev ◽  
Dawn Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Waitlist Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Experimental Group

BACKGROUND Over a third of patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) do not respond to current interventions. Ketamine is one potential treatment avenue, however its effects are temporary. Administering ketamine alongside psychotherapy is one potential means of prolonging its effects, however, there are few studies investigating this treatment method to date, and none testing ketamine with electronic Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (e-CBT). OBJECTIVE The present study is an open label randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of a combined treatment of sub-anesthetic IV ketamine in conjunction with e-CBT to treat patients with PTSD. METHODS Twenty participants with refractory PTSD will be randomly assigned either to an experimental group receiving a combination of ketamine and e-CBT over 14 weeks, or they will be assigned to a waitlist-control group at the end of which they will receive the experimental treatment. Both groups will be assessed for symptoms of PTSD and comorbid disorders before treatment, midway, and at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Symptoms of PTSD for participants in the experimental group are expected to improve significantly more than participants in the waitlist-control group with at least a moderate effect size. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first experiment assessing the relationship between e-CBT and Ketamine and their combined ability to treat refractory PTSD. If successful, this study will open online/asynchronous therapeutic options to patients with PTSD and will provide new insights into the functional role of glutamate in trauma-related disorders as well as in learning, memory, and fear-extinction. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov database - NCT04771767

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Depression in Iranian Adolescents with and Without Hearing Loss (HL) in Previous and During the Outbreak of the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Ariapooran ◽  
Mehdi Khezeli ◽  
Ahadi Batool
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Child Ptsd ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background: Due to the unavailability of information and resources about COVID-19 in people with Hearing Loss (HL), especially deaf people, the psychological problems, such as PTSD and depression are probably raised in people with hearing loss (HL) during the outbreak of COVID-19. This study was conducted to compare post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in Iranian adolescents with and without HL in previous and during the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: The statistical sample was 112 adolescents half (56) of whom was with HL, while another half (56) was without HL. The two groups were also homogenized in terms of age, gender, and education. Data were gathered using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for DSM-5 (CPSS-5) and Children's Depression Inventory Short version (CDI: S). The data obtained were analyzed using two-way MANOVA. Results: Results showed that 46.43% and 41.04% of with-HL adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19, and 17.87% and 25.00% of them in previous the outbreak of COVID-19 had symptoms of PTSD and depression, respectively. Results indicated that the mean score difference between PTSD and depression during and in previous the outbreak of COVID-19 [(during)-(previous)] was higher in adolescents with HL than the control group. conclusion: We concluded that psychological and medical interventions must be beneficial to decrease symptoms of PTSD and depression in adolescents (especially in deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents) during the outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Children with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Traffic Accident)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matin HassanzadehMoghaddam ◽  
Dr Javad Khalatbari
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Emdr Therapy

The study aim was to investigate Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) EMDR therapy on children with post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in traffic accidents. The research population consists of children 7-11 years old in Tehran city who are surviving serious traffic accidents in 2014 that after screening 20 patients selected as sample who had the highest prevalence PTSD and divided into two groups of 10 patients randomly that the first group, called control group and second group was experimental group. The tools used in the study were anxiety depression scale and 42- DASS stress scale that had good convergent and discriminative validity and reliability by Cronbach’s alpha for the subscales depression, anxiety and stress at an acceptable level 0.91, 0.84 and 0.84 calculated, respectively. At first, 42- DASS test performed in the experimental and control group and then experimental group treated by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR), re-test in both groups was performed, and the results were analyzed. However, there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety. As a result, it stated that EMDR therapy has been effective on depression and stress in children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Anxiety Associated With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder—The Role of Quantitative Electro- encephalograph in Diagnosis and in Guiding Neurofeedback Training to Remediate the Anxiety

Biofeedback ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract The literature regarding neurofeedback treatment of anxiety associated with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is reviewed. The results of quantitative electroencephalograph (QEEG) guided neurofeedback training for anxiety in nineteen PTSD patients is analyzed, along with the change in anxiety in four control patients who did not do neurofeedback. Those who did neurofeedback training experienced clinically significant reductions in anxiety, whereas there was no significant change in anxiety in the control group. QEEG-guided neurofeedback appears to be effective in a higher percentage of patients than non–QEEG-guided training in increasing alpha and theta, based on results in the published literature.

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