scholarly journals Intersecting Linear Light Strands: A Particle Explanation for the Fresnel Central Spot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srin Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Energy Threshold ◽  
Central Spot ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Extended Exposure

Abstract The Fresnel central spot in a shadow, theorized to be generated from wave interference, has given strong support for wave models of light. Using extended exposure macro imaging in various media, the shadow is shown to be more complex with multiple lines of light intersecting in the center. Using the particle concept of discrete light strands perpendicularly reflecting from a diffraction source, these observations can be more accurately explained. Another quantized aspect of light is shown where linear light strands become rings when an energy threshold is reached.

scholarly journals Stochastic Modeling of Coherent Wave Fields over Variable Depth

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Smit ◽  
T. T. Janssen ◽  
T. H. C. Herbers
Keyword(s):  
Transport Equation ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Radiative Transport ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Coherent Wave ◽  
Homogeneous Wave ◽  
Radiative Transport Equation ◽  
Wave Models

AbstractRefractive focusing of swell waves can result in fast-scale variations in the wave statistics because of wave interference, which cannot be resolved by stochastic wave models based on the radiative transport equation. Quasi-coherent statistical theory does account for such statistical interferences and the associated wave inhomogeneities, but the theory has thus far been presented in a form that appears incompatible with models based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE). Moreover, the quasi-coherent theory has never been tested against field data, and it is not clear how the coherent information inherent to such models can be used for better understanding coastal wave and circulation dynamics. This study therefore revisits the derivation of quasi-coherent theory to formulate it into a radiative transport equation with a forcing term that accounts for the inhomogeneous part of the wave field. This paper shows how the model can be nested within (or otherwise used in conjunction with) quasi-homogeneous wave models based on the RTE. Through comparison to laboratory data, numerical simulations of a deterministic model, and field observations of waves propagating over a nearshore canyon head, the predictive capability of the model is validated. The authors discuss the interference patterns predicted by the model through evaluation of a complex cross-correlation function and highlight the differences with quasi-homogeneous predictions. These results show that quasi-coherent theory can extend models based on the RTE to resolve coherent interference patterns and standing wave features in coastal areas, which are believed to be important in nearshore circulation and sediment transport.

scholarly journals MODELLING WAVE INTERFERENCE PATTERNS USING THE SWAN MODEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Gal Akrish ◽  
Pieter Smit ◽  
Marcel Zijlema ◽  
Ad Reniers
Keyword(s):  
Transport Processes ◽  
Spectral Space ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Coastal Inlets ◽  
Mutually Independent

This study presents an efficient approach of resolving wave interference patterns in spectral wave models (e.g., SWAN). Such interference patterns, which frequently occur in coastal waters (e.g., near headlands, harbor entrances and coastal inlets), may lead to rapid changes in wave statistics, and thus, can affect wave-driven flow and transport processes. Therefore, prediction of wave conditions for coastal applications should account for these effects. Presently, operational wave models compute the mean wave properties by solving the action balance equation, which describes the transport of wave energy through geographic and spectral space, augmented with source terms to account for non-conservative and nonlinear processes. This model equation, initially intended for deep water conditions, is derived under the assumption that waves propagating at angles are mutually independent so that the wave field changes its mean properties (e.g. wave height) over many wavelengths. However in nearshore areas, the interaction of waves with variable bathymetry and currents can result in interference zones where crossing wave trains are statistically correlated and wave heights change rapidly.

Amyloid β-peptide and Alzheimer's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allsop ◽  
Jennifer Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Aβ Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

One of the hallmarks of AD (Alzheimer's disease) is the formation of senile plaques in the brain, which contain fibrils composed of Aβ (amyloid β-peptide). According to the ‘amyloid cascade’ hypothesis, the aggregation of Aβ initiates a sequence of events leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, neurodegeneration, and on to the main symptom of dementia. However, emphasis has now shifted away from fibrillar forms of Aβ and towards smaller and more soluble ‘oligomers’ as the main culprit in AD. The present chapter commences with a brief introduction to the disease and its current treatment, and then focuses on the formation of Aβ from the APP (amyloid precursor protein), the genetics of early-onset AD, which has provided strong support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis, and then on the development of new drugs aimed at reducing the load of cerebral Aβ, which is still the main hope for providing a more effective treatment for AD in the future.

Instrumental and Ideological Union Commitment: Longitudinal Assessment of Construct Validity

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Sjöberg ◽  
Magnus Sverke
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Union Commitment ◽  
Union Participation

Summary: Previous research has identified instrumentality and ideology as important aspects of member attachment to labor unions. The present study evaluated the construct validity of a scale designed to reflect the two dimensions of instrumental and ideological union commitment using a sample of 1170 Swedish blue-collar union members. Longitudinal data were used to test seven propositions referring to the dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and temporal stability of the scale as well as postulated group differences in union participation to which the scale should be sensitive. Support for the hypothesized factor structure of the scale and for adequate reliabilities of the dimensions was obtained and was also replicated 18 months later. Tests for equality of measurement model parameters and test-retest correlations indicated support for the temporal stability of the scale. In addition, the results were consistent with most of the predicted differences between groups characterized by different patterns of change/stability in union participation status. The study provides strong support for the construct validity of the scale and indicates that it can be used in future theory testing on instrumental and ideological union commitment.

The Time Course of the Aversive Conflict Signal

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fritz ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Short Soas ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Direct Investigation

The idea that conflicts are aversive signals recently has gained strong support by both physiological as well as psychological evidence. However, the time course of the aversive signal has not been subject to direct investigation. In the present study, participants had to judge the valence of neutral German words after being primed with conflict or non-conflict Stroop stimuli in three experiments with varying SOA (200 ms, 400 ms, 800 ms) and varying prime presentation time. Conflict priming effects (i.e., increased frequencies of negative judgments after conflict as compared to non-conflict primes) were found for SOAs of 200 ms and 400 ms, but absent (or even reversed) with a SOA of 800 ms. These results imply that the aversiveness of conflicts is evaluated automatically with short SOAs, but is actively counteracted with prolonged prime presentation.

On the Natural Blood Coagulation Inhibitor System Investigations of Inhibitor Factors Based on Antithrombin Deficient Blood

1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 473-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Egeberg
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Coagulation Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor System ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Partial Deficiency ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity ◽  
Prothrombinase Activity

SummaryNatural coagulation inhibitor factors were studied in sera, or in fractions of sera, from patients with congenital partial deficiency of antithrombin and from normal persons. In the patients’ sera the progressive antithrombin (antithrombin III) and heparin cofactor (antithrombin II) had both been measured around 50 per cent of normal level.No decreased activity could be demonstrated in the patients’ sera as to antiprothrombinase, the inhibitor against blood intrinsic prothrombinase activity.For anticonvertin, the inhibitor against the tissue convertin complex, the activity was found decreased to about the same level as that demonstrated for antithrombin III and II. The results lend strong support to the hypothesis that the activities measured as anticonvertin, antithrombin III and antithrombin II represent functions of the same blood protein, which on the other side appears to be distinct from antiprothrombinase. In accordance with this explanation, an antithrombin III concentrate had also antithrombin II and anticonvertin activity, and further, adsorption of a normal human serum with convertin appeared to specifically reduce its antithrombin III activity.The inhibitor against activated antihemophilic C factor (AHC’ = activated f. XI) was studied in sera adsorbed with BaS04 and celite. The inhibitor activity was found at normal level in the patients’ sera, consistent with the view that anti-AHC’ is distinct from antithrombin III, II and from anticonvertin. No acceleration of the anti-AHC’ activity could be demonstrated after addition to the inhibition mixture of weak solutions of heparin.The results are discussed.

A Primary Study on Classical Particle Modeling of Electron-Wave Interference Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Nagata ◽  
Wataru Nakashima ◽  
Hisato Fujisaka ◽  
Takeshi Kamio ◽  
Kazuhisa Haeiwa
Keyword(s):  
Classical Particle ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Particle Modeling

An Analysis of Restraints on Effective Demand for Loans in Rural China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Minxin He ◽  
Xinyu Zhong ◽  
Shengsong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Choice

China’s overall economic growth is, to a great extent, hindered by the lack of economic growth in rural areas. Based on data from the Thousand-Village Survey (2015) of 31 provinces conducted by Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, we conduct this empirical study to analyze the current state of rural financial services and the factors influencing effective demand for loans in rural China. Looking at the demand side, in 2014, only 13.91% farmers had loans, and only 15.53% of them made financial institutions their first choice when they needed loans. Clearly, there is still much to do with regard to inclusive finance. From the perspective of the supply side, only 43.86% of dispersed loans can be categorized as productive loans, further reflecting that the financial services industry does not provide strong support for rural economic growth. Further study shows that the main factors influencing effective demand for productive loans are the population age structure and the rate at which migrant workers return home. Therefore, the "Second-Child" policy and policies that encourage migrant workers to go back home to start businesses are of vital importance in order to raise effective financial demand in rural China.

The Demand For Money in Pakistan: Reply (Notes and Comments)

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
M. A. Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Complementarity Hypothesis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

I am grateful to Abe, Fry, Min, Vongvipanond, and Yu (hereafter re¬ferred to as AFMVY) [1] for obliging me to reconsider my article [2] on the demand for money in Pakistan. Upon careful examination, I find that the AFMVY results are, in parts, misleading and that, on the whole, they add very little to those provided in my study. Nevertheless, the present exercise as well as the one by AFMVY is useful in that it furnishes us with an opportunity to view some of the fundamental problems involved in an empi¬rical analysis of the demand for money function in Pakistan. Based on their elaborate critique, AFMVY reformulate the two hypo¬theses—the substitution hypothesis and the complementarity hypothesis— underlying my study and provide us with some alternative estimates of the demand for money in Pakistan. Briefly their results, like those in my study, indicate that income and interest rates are important in deter¬mining the demand for money. However, unlike my results, they also suggest that the price variable is a highly significant determinant of the money demand function. Furthermore, while I found only a weak support for the complementarity between money demand and physical capital, the results obtained by AFMVY appear to yield a strong support for that rela¬tionship.1 The difference in results is only a natural consequence of alter¬native specifications of the theory and, therefore, I propose to devote most of this reply to the criticisms raised by AFMVY and the resulting reformulation of the two mypotheses.

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