scholarly journals The Economic Impact of Payments for Water-related Ecosystem Services on Protected Areas: A Synthetic Control Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Zhang ◽  
Jiwei Zhu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Wenxing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Positive Economic ◽  
North Water

Abstract Payments for water-related ecosystem services (PWES) are increasingly popular in promoting water ecological conservation, and their impacts on development are of considerable interest. This study estimates the economic impact of PWES on protected areas by applying the synthetic control method. Using the Middle Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project in China as a case study, we find that per capita GDP in protected areas increased markedly relative to a synthetic control region, and PWES has a positive economic impact. In addition, we conduct a variety of placebo tests to verify the validity and robustness of the results. We believe that the main factor of the positive economic impact lies in the development of the ecological-economic industrial system. This study provides a baseline for synthetic control analysis of PWES to compare regions of interest and their counterfactuals, and the findings of the case study provide reference to the protected areas for their economic development.

IMPACT OF THE SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER DIVERSION PROJECT ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES: A CASE STUDY IN PINGGU BASIN, BEIJING, CHINA

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2239-2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guomin Li ◽  
Haizhen Xu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Shouquan Zhang ◽  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
The South ◽  
Water Diversion Project ◽  
North Water ◽  
Beijing China

Study on Three-Dimensional Visual Simulation for Inter-Basin Water Transfer Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 2523-2527
Author(s):  
Qian Wei Wang ◽  
Rui Rui Sun ◽  
Wei Ping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Visual Simulation ◽  
Channel Water ◽  
North Water ◽  
Basin Water

With regards to the characteristics of inter-basin water transfer projects, a 3d visual simulation (Three-Dimensional Visual Simulation, 3DVS) method for inter-basin water transfer project was proposed. A virtual reproduction of the entire project and its topography is achieved. The supplement of the three-dimensional topographic data was completed by Civil 3D combinedwith Google Earth. In this paper, the 3D digital model of inter-basin water transfer project is established using 3ds Max. Based on the established digital model, the simulation of channel water were realized .The Yuzhou section of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is taken as a case study. 3D visual simulation provides an effective way for the construction management and decision-making for inter-basin water diversion project.

scholarly journals Social democratic representation and welfare spending: a quantitative case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Henning Finseraas
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Welfare Spending ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Quantitative Case Study

AbstractThe welfare state literature argues that Social Democratic party representation is of key importance for welfare state outcomes. However, few papers are able to separate the influence of parties from voter preferences, which implies that the partisan effects will be overstated. I study a natural experiment to identify a partisan effect. In 1995, the Labour Party (Ap) in the Norwegian municipality of Flå filed their candidate list too late and could not participate in the local election. Ap was the largest party in Flå in the entire post-World War period, but have not regained this position. I use the synthetic control method to study the effects on welfare spending priorities. I find small and insignificant partisan effects.

scholarly journals 1620. Effectiveness of the 2016 California Policy Eliminating Non-Medical Exemptions on Vaccine Coverage: A Synthetic Control Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S591-S591
Author(s):  
Sindiso Nyathi ◽  
Hannah Karpel ◽  
Kristin L Sainani ◽  
Yvonne Maldonado ◽  
Peter J Hotez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Permutation Testing ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Post Period

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy in low vaccine coverage “hot spots” has led to recent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases across the United States. State policies to improve vaccine coverage by restricting non-medical (personal belief) exemptions are heavily debated and their effectiveness is unclear due to limited rigorous policy analysis. In 2016, a California policy (SB 277) eliminated non-medical exemptions from kindergarten requirements. To address the ongoing debate on such policies, we performed a quasi-experimental, controlled analysis of the policy’s impact on vaccine and exemption outcomes. Methods We used state vaccine coverage and exemption data (2011–2017) from the CDC and health data from public sources. We prespecified a primary outcome of MMR coverage (%) and secondary outcomes of medical and non-medical exemptions (%). We included covariates related to socioeconomic and health measures (e.g., insurance, well child visits) and pre-2016 mean coverage. Using the synthetic control method, with 2016 as the treatment year and a 2-year post-policy period, we constructed a “control” California, from a weighted sum of states. We used permutation testing to repeat the process for each of the other states and their unique synthetic control, to determine whether there was a meaningful difference in California (i.e., a change in California’s coverage relative to its control in the top 5th percentile of states). We tested the model’s sensitivity to various analytical assumptions. Results Of 43 control states, synthetic California was predominantly comprised of Idaho, Mississippi, and Arkansas, and had a good pre-policy match on outcomes. MMR coverage in California increased by 3.2% relative to synthetic California in the post period (Top 1 of 44 states, Figure 1). Medical exemptions increased by 0.4%, while non-medical exemptions decreased by 2.2% in the post-period (Top 1 of 43 states). The model was robust to changes in covariates and control states. Conclusion The policy resulted in a meaningful increase in MMR coverage and reduction in non-medical exemptions. We measured a modest increase in medical exemptions, but this was offset by the larger reduction in non-medical exemptions. State policies removing non-medical exemptions can be effective in increasing vaccination coverage. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Ecosystem Services in Developing Effective and Sustainable Management Practices in Marine Protected Areas. The Case Study of “Isola dell’Asinara”

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Floris ◽  
Vittorio Gazale ◽  
Federica Isola ◽  
Francesca Leccis ◽  
Salvatore Pinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Zone Management

Ecosystem Services (ESs) are assuming a constantly increasing importance in management practices due to their key role in ensuring a sustainable future to fauna and flora on Earth. In addition, ES degradation and quality loss jeopardize current human activities. For this reason, it is essential to develop methodologies and practices able to efficiently assess environmental and socio-economic impacts in terms of ES deterioration, especially within protected areas. Norms and regulations have to be able to identify habitat and species categories to be preserved, and to determine the cost of their destruction and decline, according to a holistic vision, which includes social and economic impacts, besides the environmental ones. The paper illustrates the case study of the “Isola dell’Asinara” Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Sardinia, where an experimental methodology was developed with the aim to draw new regulations that integrate conservation measures of Natura 2000 sites included in its territory, provisions determined by the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) protocol and the Standardized Actions for Effective Management of MPAs (ISEA) project. Subsequently, in order to assess the status of ESs and impacts on ESs located within the MPA territory, an ecosystem-based approach was implemented and applied to the actions defined for the new regulation proposal. Results show that regulations are in this way valuably enriched by environmental aspects of the MPA that would otherwise be overlooked.

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