scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Charcoal Fine Waste: Sustainable Use as Filling of Polymeric Matrices

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Martins Delatorre ◽  
Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck Cupertino ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Silva Gomes ◽  
Luciene Paula Roberto Profeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract This study aims to evaluate charcoal fines as potential reinforcing agents in biocomposites. Charcoal has both high carbon content and surface area depending on the manufacturing temperatures. Charcoal is a common residue in the coal industry that we propose using it to reinforce filling agents in several matrices in order to add value to this residue. This study investigated charcoal fines when using three pyrolysis temperatures (400, 600, and 800°C) to identify the most suitable charcoal to be used as raw materials in producing carbon biocomposites. We evaluated apparent density, porosity, morphology, and immediate chemical composition, and then performed a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Charcoal fines produced at 800°C showed promising results as a polymeric matrix filling due to their higher porosity (81.08%), fixed carbon content (96.77%), and hydrophobicity.

Synchrotron X-Ray Topography as a Non-Destructive Monitor of Damage Accompanying IC Processing

1991 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dudley ◽  
Franklyn F.Y. Wang ◽  
Thomas Fanning ◽  
David Gordon-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
White Beam ◽  
Transmission Geometry ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractSynchrotron white beam x-ray topography in transmission geometry has been used to monitor the damage accompanying a Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) treatment of Si wafers. The behavior of low and high carbon-content Si is contrasted and discussed. The applicability of this technique to this kind of study is demonstrated, with particular emphasis being laid on its non-destructive nature. The general usefulness of the technique as a monitor for damage accompanying IC processing is discussed.

Synchrotron X-Ray Topographic Study of the Behavior of Defects in High Carbon-Content Si Wafers during RTP

1991 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fanning ◽  
Michael Dudley ◽  
Franklyn F.Y. Wang ◽  
David Gordon-Smith ◽  
David T. Hodul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Geometry

ABSTRACTCzochralski (CZ) grown Si wafers, specially prepared with unusually high carbon content (ranging from 3 to 7 ppma), were subjected to a rapid thermal processing (RTP) treatment at 1050°C for 60s. Synchrotron white beam x-ray topography in transmission geometry was used to study defect structures in these Si wafers, both prior and subsequent to this RTP treatment. Observations of both the partial relaxation of the strain fields of precipitates and widespread nucleation and propagation of dislocations accompanying RTP are presented and discussed. Results are contrasted with those from parallel studies previously conducted on low carbon content wafers.

scholarly journals Composition-dependent structure of polycrystalline magnetron-sputtered V–Al–C–N hard coatings studied by XRD, XPS, XANES and EXAFS

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bärbel Krause ◽  
Susan Darma ◽  
Marthe Kaufholz ◽  
Stefan Mangold ◽  
Stephen Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complementary Methods ◽  
Coexisting Phases ◽  
X Ray Absorption

V–Al–C–N hard coatings with high carbon content were deposited by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using an experimental combinatorial approach, deposition from a segmented sputter target. The composition-dependent coexisting phases within the coating were analysed using the complementary methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). For the analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge spectra, a new approach for evaluation of the pre-edge peak was developed, taking into account the self-absorption effects in thin films. Within the studied composition range, a mixed face-centred cubic (V,Al)(C,N) phase coexisting with a C–C-containing phase was observed. No indication of hexagonal (V,Al)(N,C) was found. The example of V–Al–C–N demonstrates how important a combination of complementary methods is for the detection of coexisting phases in complex multi-element coatings.

ALGOMA AR225

Alloy Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content

Abstract Algoma AR225 is a carbon steel developed primarily to supply a low-cost material for high-abrasion applications. It is furnished in the form of as-rolled plate with a relatively high carbon content (0.35-0.45%). AR-225 is sold on the basis of chemical analysis only; the number 225 signifies the approximate Brinell hardness. On thicknesses one-half inch and over, this Brinell value may be lower than 225 because of higher finishing temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-138. Producer or source: Algoma Steel Corporation Ltd.

Polyimide as carbon and ceramic polysilazane precursors to obtain high carbon content ceramic for high-temperature applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André V. B. Andrade ◽  
Luiz F. Belchior Ribeiro ◽  
Emanoelle Diz Acosta ◽  
Fernando J. Da Costa ◽  
Maíra D. Mallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Temperature Applications

Magnetic Properties of Bulk Zn0.95-XMnXFe0.05O2 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and Subsequent Hot Pressing

2011 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Song Lin ◽  
C. H. Wen ◽  
Liang He
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Doped Zno

Mn, Fe doped ZnO powders (Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2, x≤0.05) were synthesized by an ameliorated sol-gel method, using Zn(CH3COO)2, Mn(CH3COO)2and FeCl2as the raw materials, with the addition of vitamin C as a kind of chemical reducer. The resulting powder was subsequently compacted under pressure of 10 MPa at the temperature of 873K in vacuum. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2powder and bulk samples have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study chemical valence of manganese, iron and zinc in the samples. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O (x≤0.05) samples were single phase with the ZnO-like wurtzite structure. No secondary phase was found in the XRD spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Fe and Mn existed in Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2samples in Fe2+and Mn2+states. The results of VSM experiment proved the room temperature ferromagnetic properties (RTFP) of Mn, Fe co-doped ZnO samples.

Effects of Carbon Concentration Upon Oxygen Precipitation in Cz Si

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hahn ◽  
M. Arst ◽  
K. N. Ritz ◽  
S. Shatas ◽  
H. J. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Oxygen Precipitation ◽  
Oxygen Precipitate ◽  
High Carbon Concentration ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
C Complex ◽  
Oxide Precipitate

ABSTRACTEffects of high carbon concentration upon oxygen precipitate formation in Cz silicon have been investigated by combining various furnace and rapid thermal annneals. Even though oxide precipitate density increases with increasing carbon levels, Cs, synchrotron radiation section topographs of processed high carbon content wafers (Cs ∼ 4ppma) exhibit Pendellosung fringes, indicating a strain free bulk state. Our optical microscopic data have also shown very few defect etch features inside the bulk. A model based upon a direct coupling of both SiO2 and Si-C complex formation reactions is used to explain rather unique oxygen precipitation characteristics in the high carbon content Cz Si materials.

Research on Purification Technology of Ultra-Large Flake Graphite Based on Alkali-Acid Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Hong Fei Guo ◽  
Bao Chao ◽  
Zeng Qi Zhao ◽  
Ding Nan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Flake Graphite ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content ◽  
Flake Structure

Graphite is a strategically scarce resource, and the preparation of high-purity graphite is the prerequisite and basis for the application of graphite. In order to determine the optimal purification technology parameters of an ultra-large flake graphite mine pneumatic separation ore with a fixed carbon content of 77.69%, a particle size of mainly 10 to 40 mesh, and main impurities of calcium carbonate, iron oxide and silica , two additional experiments of acid method and alkali method were added on the basis of alkali-acid method, to investigate the purification effect of different technological processes and acid leaching times on graphite raw materials, as well as to analyze the retention extent of different methods and alkali fusion temperature on graphite ultra-large flake structure. The results show that all three methods can increase the fixed carbon content of graphite to above 99%. However, compared with the acid method and the alkali method, the alkali-acid method can obtain high-purity graphite while also better protecting the graphite's ultra-large flake structure. The optimal fusion temperature is 400 °C, the optimal acid leaching time is 30% sulfuric acid thrice and 5% hydrofluoric acid once. After purification, the fixed carbon content of the product exceeds 99.97%.

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