The Impact of Mixed-use Development, Small Businesses, and Walkability on Carbon Emissions in Cool Climate Cities

Alternative Energy ◽

Carbon Footprints ◽

The Impact ◽

Zip Code ◽

Cool Climate

Abstract United States (US) cities of cool climate zone such as Chicago and Boston are witnessing a reduction in carbon emissions potentially due to focusing on public transportation, and alternative energy resources. It's difficult to validate or deny optimal practices and regulations due to a lack of reliable data on carbon emissions and urban comparative studies amongst metropolitan areas. Therefore, we have examined at the relationship between land use, walkability, socioeconomics variables and carbon dioxide emissions at the zip code level. The current study compares the carbon footprints of four metro regions in cool climatic zone 5 with a model of all US zip code, to generate a benchmarking predictive model for climate change across all US zip codes. Our research shows that increasing number of businesses within walkable distance in cool climate reduces CO2 emissions. This signifies that enhancing walkability in cities and remodeling of retail, art, entertainment, and recreation facilities in accordance with urban sustainability policies can greatly cut down CO2 emissions.

The Relationship Between Health Expenditure, CO2 Emissions And Economic Growth In The BRICS Countries——Based On The Fourier ARDL Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-642251/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fangjhy Li ◽

Tsangyao Chang ◽

Mei-Chih Wang ◽

Jun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Health Spending ◽

Health Expenditures ◽

Brics Countries ◽

Abstract In the process of urbanization in developing countries, transportation infrastructure will be built and population migration will also occur. Although these actions can promote economic growth, they can also affect CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions will affect the health of residents, thereby changing health expenditures. The interaction of these three aspects is also a hot topic among scholars. The BRICS countries are emerging countries with the highest carbon dioxide emissions in the world. Discovering problems from empirical research is the focus of our research. This paper finds that, in the long-term, with CO2 emissions as the dependent variable and health expenditure and economic growth as the independent variables, there is a cointegration relationship between Brazil and China. In the short-term, there is a causal relationship between India’s CO2 emissions and health spending; other countries only show a one-way relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, medical spending, or economic growth. Our recommendations to the BRICS countries are as follows: (1) The BRICS countries should transform their economic development methods and use low-polluting alternative energy sources; (2) Brazil and India should pay attention to the indirect effects of economic growth and align economic growth policies with health expenditure policies. (3) South Africa should pay more attention to the sustainability of the impact of economic growth policies on health expenditures.JEL Classification: C22, E23, I18, O13,

The Impact Of Carbon Footprinting In Romania

Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education ◽

10.2478/cplbu-2014-0068 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 417-420

Author(s):

Lucian-Ionel Cioca ◽

Maria-Viorela Codoi

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Carbon Footprints ◽

Co2 Equivalent ◽

The Impact ◽

Potential Carbon

AbstractCarbon foot printing became an important term for surprisingly many people in the last years. It is very important that people learn what effects may have carbon foot printing on their lifes and how it’s produced. The term “carbon foot printing” is just a name which is the result of global warming potential. Carbon foot printing is considered a very popular buzzword in Romania in the last year. The carbon footprint measures total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly, by a person, organization, event or product. In Romania the carbon emissions are the consequences of burning of fossil fuels and manufacturing of cement, and the value of CO2 emissions in 2008 was 94,660(kt). People can do training or courses to learn more about the meaning of carbon footprints, their impact on the environment and calculation of the carbon footprint by measuring the CO2 equivalent emissions.

Economic Development, CO2 Emissions and Energy Use Nexus-Evidence from the Danube Region Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3165

Author(s):

Eva Litavcová ◽

Jana Chovancová

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Bounds Testing ◽

Mutual Cooperation ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Danube Region ◽

The aim of this study is to examine the empirical cointegration, long-run and short-run dynamics and causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in 14 Danube region countries over the period of 1990–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology was applied for each of the examined variables as a dependent variable. Limited by the length of the time series, we excluded two countries from the analysis and obtained valid results for the others for 26 of 36 ARDL models. The ARDL bounds reliably confirmed long-run cointegration between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Economic growth and energy consumption have a significant impact on carbon emissions in the long-run in all of these four countries; in the short-run, the impact of economic growth is significant in Austria. Likewise, when examining cointegration between energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in the short-run, a significant contribution of CO2 emissions on energy consumptions for seven countries was found as a result of nine valid models. The results contribute to the information base essential for making responsible and informed decisions by policymakers and other stakeholders in individual countries. Moreover, they can serve as a platform for mutual cooperation and cohesion among countries in this region.

An Examination of Green Credit Promoting Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction: A Provincial Panel Analysis of China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7148

Author(s):

Wenjie Zhang ◽

Mingyong Hong ◽

Juan Li ◽

Fuhong Li

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Industrial Structure ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Green Finance ◽

Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Emissions Intensity ◽

The implementation of green finance is a powerful measure to promote global carbon emissions reduction that has been highly valued by academic circles in recent years. However, the role of green credit in carbon emissions reduction in China is still lacking testing. Using a set of panel data including 30 provinces and cities, this study focused on the impact of green credit on carbon dioxide emissions in China from 2006 to 2016. The empirical results indicated that green credit has a significantly negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions intensity. Furthermore, after the mechanism examination, we found that the promotion impacts of green credit on industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are two effective channels to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Heterogeneity analysis found that there are regional differences in the effect of green credit. In the western and northeastern regions, the effect of green credit is invalid. Quantile regression results implied that the greater the carbon emissions intensity, the better the effect of green credit. Finally, a further discussion revealed there exists a nonlinear correlation between green credit and carbon dioxide emissions intensity. These findings suggest that the core measures to promote carbon emission reduction in China are to continue to expand the scale of green credit, increase the technology R&D investment of enterprises, and to vigorously develop the tertiary industry.

Soil organic carbon accumulation and carbon dioxide emissions during a 6-year study in irrigated continuous maize under two tillage systems in semiarid Mediterranean conditions

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2021191-16260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. e1102

Author(s):

Maroua Dachraoui ◽

Aurora Sombrero

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

No Tillage ◽

Short Term ◽

Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems on the soil organic carbon (SOC) changes, CO2 emissions and their relation with soil temperature and grain yield in a monoculture of irrigated maize during six years.Area of study: In Zamadueñas experimental field in the Spanish province of Valladolid, from 2011 to 2017.Material and methods: The SOC content was determined by collecting soil samples up to 30 cm in November at two years interval. Short-term CO2 emissions were measured simultaneously with soil temperature using a respiration chamber and a hand-held probe immediately before, after every tillage operation and during the maize cycle.Main results: The SOC stock of the top 30 cm soil layers was 13% greater under NT than CT. Short-term CO2 emissions were significantly higher under CT ranging from 0.8 to 3.4 g CO2 m-2 h-1 immediately after tillage while under NT system, soil CO2 fluxes were low and stable during this study period. During the first 48 h following tillage, cumulative CO2 emissions ranged from 0.6 to 2.4 Mg CO2 ha-1 and from 0.2 to 0.3 Mg CO2 ha-1 under CT and NT systems, respectively. Soil temperature did not show significant correlation with CO2 emissions; however, it depended mostly on the time of measurement.Research highlights: No tillage increased the SOC accumulation in the topsoil layer, reduced CO2 emissions without decreasing maize grain yield and minimized the impact on climate change compared to CT system.

Social Impacts Due to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions. Evidence From Sub-Sahara African Countries (SSA) Compared to Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN).

10.21203/rs.3.rs-177911/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean Baptiste Aboyitungiye ◽

Suryanto Suryanto ◽

Evi Gravitiani

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Value Added ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Asean Countries ◽

Southeast Asian Countries

Abstract The recent climatic phenomena observed in developing countries since the 2000s have raised concerns, fears, and debates within the international community and economists. Human activities are largely responsible for atmospheric warming through their emissions of CO2 and polluting substances with dramatic consequences and numerous losses of human life in some countries. Using panel data covering the 2000-2016 period, this study investigated the social vulnerability due to the CO2 emissions through an empirical study of CO2’s determinants in selected countries of sub-Sahara African and Southeast Asian countries. The STIRPAT model gave out the result that; explanatories causes of carbon dioxide emissions are different in the two regions: the agriculture-forestry and fishing value-added, and human development index have a strong explanatory power on CO2 emissions in the ASEAN countries, the per-capita domestic product has a positive and significant influence on carbon emissions in the SSA countries, ceteris paribus, but was statistically insignificant in the ASEAN countries. The growing population decreases carbon emissions in the SSA selected countries while is not statically significant in the ASEAN countries. There is therefore a kind of double penalty: those who suffer, and will suffer the most from the impacts of climate change due to CO2 emissions, are those who contribute the least to the problem. These results provide insight into future strategies for the mitigation of climatic hazards already present in some places and potential for others which will be felt on different scales across the regions. Some of the inevitable redistributive effects of those risks can be corrected by providing financial support to the poorest populations hardest hit by natural disasters.

The Impact of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12197965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 7965

Author(s):

Oluyomi A. Osobajo ◽

Afolabi Otitoju ◽

Martha Ajibola Otitoju ◽

Adekunle Oke

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Granger Causality ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Cointegration Tests ◽

This study explored the effect of energy consumption and economic growth on CO2 emissions. The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions was assessed using regression analysis (the pooled OLS regression and fixed effects methods), Granger causality and panel cointegration tests. Data from 70 countries between 1994–2013 were analysed. The result of the Granger causality tests revealed that the study variables (population, capital stock and economic growth) have a bi-directional causal relationship with CO2 emissions, while energy consumption has a uni-directional relationship. Likewise, the outcome of the cointegration tests established that a long-run relationship exists among the study variables (energy consumption and economic growth) with CO2 emissions. However, the pooled OLS and fixed methods both showed that energy consumption and economic growth have a significant positive impact on CO2 emissions. Hence, this study supports the need for a global transition to a low carbon economy primarily through climate finance, which refers to local, national, or transnational financing, that may be drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financing. This will help foster large-scale investments in clean energy, that are required to significantly reduce CO2 emissions.

Effects of Kyoto Protocol on CO2 Emissions: A Five-Country Rolling Regression Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11030744 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 744

Author(s):

Chien-Ho Wang ◽

Ming-Hui Ko ◽

Wan-Jiun Chen

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Kyoto Protocol ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Turning Points ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Heated Debate ◽

Per Capita ◽

Rolling Regression ◽

The current study illustrated the time variance of turning points in the relationship between carbon emissions and income to resolve heated debate on the different responsibility to climate change with 1950–2010 data of five development diversity countries—three developed countries (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and one developing country (India) and one newly industrialized economy (Taiwan). The article also examines the impact of the crisis on emission. The time-varying patterns in the turning points on environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs) were observed by a rolling regression technique with 1950–2010 data regarding the per capita CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion and the incomes of the countries. Several empirical findings were revealed from this analysis. Per capita CO2 emissions commonly decreased with varying magnitudes in the five countries over time. The EKC hypothesis regarding the CO2 emissions is affirmed again in this study. The announcement effects associated with the Kyoto Protocol was evidenced. As indicated by the occurring GDP of the turning point, there is a strong reduction trend in the income level of the turning points right before the years of Kyoto Protocol; and this decreasing trend nearly ended as the Kyoto protocol approached its end, except in Germany, where the occurring income of the turning points continued to have a decreasing trend. Although the global financial crisis had its effects in the world, the impacts on carbon dioxide emissions vary across countries.

Structural Vector Autoregressive Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Electricity Generation Mix on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Iran

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13164268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 4268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bahareh Oryani ◽

Yoonmo Koo ◽

Shahabaldin Rezania

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Renewable Electricity ◽

Vector Autoregressive ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Structural Vector

This research attempts to evaluate the impact of renewable electricity generation mix on economic growth and CO2 emissions in Iran from 1980 to 2016. In this regard, by using EViews 10, the Structural Vector Autoregressive model (SVAR) is estimated by imposing the Blanchard and Quah long-run restrictions. The yearly data on real Gross Domestic Production (GDP), the share of electricity generation from renewable sources, and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) caused by liquid, solid, and gaseous fuels were used. The positive impact of one standard deviation shock of increasing the share of renewable electricity on economic growth was confirmed by using Impulse Response Function (IRF). Contrary to the expectation, the share of renewable electricity in the energy mix is not at a desirable level to lower CO2 emissions, which partly could be explained by the dominant role of fossil fuel in Iran (as an energy-driven country). Moreover, the findings of Variance Decomposition (VD) verified the low share of electricity generated by renewable energy in explaining forecast error variations in economic growth and CO2 emissions. It indicates that in this stage of development, increasing the share of renewable electricity could not be considered as an appropriate strategy to control environmental issues. Therefore, initiating and implementing environmental policies could be considered as the most proper policies to lower CO2 emissions and to achieve the goal of sustainable development.

Identifying the Sustainable Industry by Input–Output Analysis Combined with CO2 Emissions: A Time Series Study from 2005 to 2015 in South Korea

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12156043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 6043

Author(s):

Junhwan Moon ◽

Eungyeong Yun ◽

Jaebeom Lee

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Input Output ◽

Output Analysis ◽

Input Output Analysis ◽

Korean Economy ◽

Traditional Manufacturing ◽

The Impact ◽

Linkage Effects

Preventing global warming caused by increased CO2 emissions is a major global problem. It is necessary to find and cultivate an efficient industry with a small amount of CO2 emissions and a great impact on the national economy. This article used input–output analysis to quantify the linkage effects on the Korean economy by dividing the Korean industries into 36 categories, according to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) industrial classification criteria. In addition, the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the year was described by its criteria to compare how much of one industry emits carbon dioxide. The analysis shows that Korea still has an economic structure centered on traditional manufacturing and the characteristics of these industries include CO2 emissions. According to the result, in the construction industry, the carbon dioxide emissions are considerably high, but the linkage effects of the industry is small. By quantitatively analyzing the impact of an industry on the economy and carbon dioxide emissions generated in the production process, this study aimed to identify Korea’s eco-friendly and highly related industries with other industries and objectively present sustainable development.