scholarly journals Only Cervical Segments C0-C2, Not C3 Are Relevant for Subgrouping Migraine Patients According to Manual Palpation and Pain Provocation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Schwarz ◽  
Kerstin Luedtke ◽  
Thomas Schoettker-Koeniger
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Pain Provocation ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Manual Palpation

Abstract Background and Aims: Subgrouping of migraine patients according to the pain response to manual palpation of the upper cervical spine has been recently described. Based on the neuroanatomy and the convergence of spinal and trigeminal nerves in the trigeminocervical complex, the cervical segments C1 to C3 are potentially relevant. To date it has not been investigated whether palpation results of all upper cervical segments are based on one underlying construct which allows combining the results of several tests.Methods: Seventy-one migraine patients with chronic or frequent episodic migraine diagnosed according to the IHS classification version 3 were examined by one physiotherapist. Manual palpation was performed on the upper three cervical segments unilaterally left and right. The results of the palpation according to the patients’ responses were combined using factor analysis to determine whether results from all three segments form one underlying construct. In addition, item response theory (IRT) was used to investigate the structure of the response pattern as well as item difficulty and discriminationFindings: Factor analysis (principal component) showed that the palpation of C3 loads less onto the underlying construct than the palpation of C1 and C2. Considering a cut-off value >1.0, the eigenvalues of all three segments do not represent one underlying construct. When excluding the results from C3, remaining items form one construct. The internal consistency of the pain response to palpation of C1 and C2 is acceptable with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.69. IRT analysis showed that the rating scale model fits best to the pain response pattern. The discrimination value (1.24) was equal for all 4 items. Item difficulty showed a clear hierarchical structure between the palpation of C1 and C2, indicating that people with a higher impairment are more likely to respond with referred pain during palpation of the segment C2. Conclusion: Statistical analysis confirms that results from the palpation of the cervical segments C1 and C2 in migraine patients can be combined. IRT analysis confirmed the ordinal pattern of the pain response and showed the higher probability of a pain response during palpation of C2. Registration of main Study: German registry of clinical trials (DRKS00015995), Registered 20. December 2018, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do

scholarly journals Defining statistical measurement levels of Intuitive Eating with the Rasch Rating Scale Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanis Gani ◽  
Peter Ho ◽  
Caroline Orfila
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Intuitive Eating ◽  
Rasch Rating Scale Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rating Scale Model

AbstractIntuitive eating is an intrinsic ability to moderate the amount and type of food, promoting a healthy diet and self-regulation of one's own weight. Different instruments (IES-H, IES-T, IES-2) have been developed to assess intuitive eating between different population groups from different countries. The construct validity and invariance of the 23-item Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) has been widely validated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis. However, these Classical Test Theory (CTT) methods have not always confirmed the same 4-factor structure.Rasch analysis, a Modern Test Theory method (MTT), has been used as an alternative approach to examine the psychometric properties of various health and medical instrument (HADS, KIDSCREEN-52, LANSS, MHRM). One significant difference between CTT and MT is the method of calculating a composite score. A CTT total sore is based on the summation of raw categorical scores, whereas these raw categorical scores are converted to interval-scaled measures into a Rasch composite score.Data was collected from 625 respondents was fitted to the Rasch Rating Scale Model. The data fitted the model adequately, as less than 5% and 1% of absolute standardised residuals were found to be ≥ 2 and ≥ 3, respectively. A Principle Component Analysis of Rasch residuals (PCAR) was used to determine the unidimensionality of the IES-2 and its subscales, after checking and adjusting for lack of item fit and proper rating scale functioning. PCAR indicated that all 23 items could not function as a single total unidimensional Rasch measure. However, the same item structure for the 4 subscales, originally proposed by Tylka and Kroon Van Diest, was confirmed by PCAR. The relationship between the respondents and the IES-2 items in each subscale could be explained using a Wright map, allowing both to be represented on the same logit scale.Statistical different levels of intuitive eating were determined for each subscale from a table representing the relationship between the lowest and highest possible raw scores and their Rasch measures. Wright maps showed the position of respondents between cut-off lines indicating different statistical levels along each unidimensional subscale of intuitive eating. The majority of respondents were classified into 2 out of 4 levels in the subscale Unconditional Permission to Eat, 3 out of 5 levels in Eating for Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons, 3 out of 5 levels in Reliance on Internal Hunger and Satiety Cues and 2 out of 4 levels in Body-Food Choice Congruence.

scholarly journals Does isolated atlantoaxial fusion result in better clinical outcome compared to occipitocervical fusion?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina E. Wenning ◽  
Martin F. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Occipitocervical Fusion ◽  
Atlantoaxial Fusion ◽  
Upper Cervical

Abstract Background The C0 to C2 region is the keystone for range of motion in the upper cervical spine. Posterior procedures usually include a fusion of at least one segment. Atlantoaxial fusion (AAF) only inhibits any motion in the C1/C2 segment whereas occipitocervical fusion (OCF) additionally interferes with the C0/C1 segment. The purpose of our study was to investigate clinical outcome of patients that underwent OCF or AAF for upper cervical spine injuries. Methods Over a 5-year period (2010–2015), consecutive patients with upper cervical spine disorders were retrospectively identified as having been treated with OCF or AAF. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to evaluate postoperative neck pain and health restrictions. Demographics, follow-up, and clinical outcome parameters were evaluated. Infection, hematoma, screw malpositioning, and deaths were used as complication variables. Follow-up was at least 6 months postoperatively. Results Ninety-six patients (male = 42, female = 54) underwent stabilization of the upper cervical spine. OCF was performed in 44 patients (45.8%), and 52 patients (54.2%) were treated with AAF. Patients with OCF were diagnosed with more comorbidities (p = 0.01). Follow-up was shorter in the OCF group compared to the AAF group (6.3 months and 14.3 months; p = 0.01). No differences were found related to infection (OCF 4.5%; AAF 7.7%) and revision rate (OCF 13.6%; AAF 17.3%; p > 0.05). Regarding bother and disability, no differences were discovered utilizing the NDI score (AAF 21.4%; OCF 37.4%; p > 0.05). A reduction of disability measured by the NDI was observed with greater follow-up for all patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion Theoretically, AAF provides greater range of motion by preserving the C0/C1 motion segment resulting in less disability. The current study did not show any significant differences regarding clinical outcome measured by the NDI compared to OCF. No differences were found regarding complication and infection rates in both groups. Both techniques provide a stable treatment with comparable clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Observation instrument for student social attitude in primary schools: Validity and reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Setiawan ◽  
Widowati Pusporini ◽  
Hanandyo Dardjito
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Observation Instruments

This study aims to 1) identify the content validity of observations of students' social attitudes, 2) identify the construct validity of the observation instruments of students 'social attitudes, and 3) identify the reliability of observations of students' social attitudes. The subjects of this study were grades IV, and V of elementary school students in Yogyakarta province selected using cluster random sampling. Observation guidelines were used to collect the data using a summative rating scale model. The content validity was analyzed by applying Aiken assisted by Microsoft Excel, the construct validity by using second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis assisted by Lisrel, and the reliability by using the Omega reliability approach. The results indicated that all items were valid by which the content validity. The construct validity with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis is high. The reliability values of the observation instruments were reliable. 

scholarly journals Analisis Rasch model Indonesia Problematic Internet Use Scale (IPIUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Yonathan Natanael
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Rating Scale Model

Abstract Indonesia Problematic Internet Use Scale (IPIUS) consists of six dimensions, namely a preference for online social interaction, escaping, negative outcomes, compulsive internet use, cognitive preoccupation, and emotional reactivity. University students in the covid-19 pandemic are constantly learning to use the internet that causes compulsive internet use. This study explores IPIUS using analysis technique rating scale model, especially the compulsive internet use dimension which consists of ten items. The quantitative research method is survey research using an online questionnaire. Participants in the research were 395 university students who do lectures online. The sampling technique used to obtain participants was convenience sampling. The results showed nine-item compulsive internet use dimension is good quality, unidimensional, and item reliability was better than previous research using confirmatory factor analysis. IPIUS is a stable instrument to measure problematic internet use for university students in Indonesia.   Keywords: compulsive internet use; covid-19; problematic internet use; rating scale model, university students Abstrak Indonesia Problematic Internet Use Scale (IPIUS) terdiri dari enam dimensi, yaitu: preference for online social interaction, escaping, negative outcome, compulsive internet use, cognitive preoccupation, dan emotional reactivity. Mahasiswa di era pandemic covid-19 secara terus-menerus melakukan pembelajaran daring yang mengakibatkan menjadi compulsive internet use. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengekplorasi IPIUS dengan menggunakan teknik analisis rating scale model, khususnya dimensi compulsive internet use yang terdiri dari sepuluh item. Metode penelitian kuantitatif yang digunakan berjenis survey research menggunakan kuesioner online. Partisipan penelitian sebanyak 395 mahasiswa yang melakukan kuliah secara daring. Teknik sampling yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan partisipan adalah teknik convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sembilan item pada dimensi compulsive internet use merupakan item yang berkualitas baik, bersifat unidimensi, dan nilai reliabilitas item yang dihasilkan lebih baik dibandingkan penelitian sebelumnya yang menggunakan confirmatory factor analysis. IPIUS merupakan instrumen yang cocok mengukur problematic internet use pada mahasiswa di Indonesia.      Kata kunci: compulsive internet use; covid-19; problematic internet use; rating scale model mahasiswa

Assessing the Validity of the Dynamic Gait Index in a Balance Disorders Clinic: An Application of Rasch Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna C. Dye ◽  
Aaron M. Eakman ◽  
Kayla M. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Dynamic Gait Index ◽  
Dynamic Gait ◽  
Gait Index

BackgroundThe Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) has emerged as a valid indicator of functional gait abilities for people with balance and vestibular disorders. Recent Rasch-based analyses have indicated possible concerns for multidimensionality and a ceiling effect within the DGI.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the DGI in a sample of patients from a dizziness and balance clinic to determine whether patient features such as dizziness or fall history influence the measurement characteristics of the DGI.DesignThis study used a retrospective design.MethodsA sample of 117 patients' charts was reviewed, and patients were grouped according to a primary impairment of dizziness only or imbalance and were categorized based on a history of falls. A one-parameter Rasch-Andrich rating scale model was used with thorough analyses, including rating scale analysis, item-difficulty hierarchy, scale unidimensionality, and differential item functioning (DIF).ResultsThe DGI demonstrated an effective rating scale design and was found to be a unidimensional measurement of dynamic gait. The DGI displayed a modest ceiling effect, primarily with patients with higher functional levels displaying symptoms of dizziness. Three items (“vertical head nods,” “gait on level surface,” and “stepping over obstacles”) demonstrated DIF based on categories of patient characteristics, although the effects on measurement were negligible.LimitationsFunctional categories were based on impairments and not underlying medical diagnoses derived from a retrospective chart review, whereas the limited sample size may have underestimated statistically significant DIF.ConclusionsResults from this study offer additional evidence supporting the validity of the DGI as a measure of gait ability. The present findings also are in agreement with prior research that has shown a ceiling effect for the DGI in people with balance or vestibular disorders. Effects of DIF were found to be negligible, yet the presence of DIF within the present sample helped to explain some differences in DGI item-difficulty hierarchies from prior studies. Continued research is needed to determine how population differences may affect performance on the DGI and to develop and test assessments capable of measuring a broader range of gait abilities.

scholarly journals Problems with the factor analysis of items: Solutions based on item response theory and item parcelling

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon P. De Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Rasch Rating Scale Model ◽  
Spurious Results ◽  
Rating Scale Model

The factor analysis of items often produces spurious results in the sense that unidimensional scales appear multidimensional. This may be ascribed to failure in meeting the assumptions of linearity and normality on which factor analysis is based. Item response theory is explicitly designed for the modelling of the non-linear relations between ordinal variables and provides a strong alternative to the factor analysis of items. Items may also be combined in parcels that are more likely to satisfy the assumptions of factor analysis than do the items. The use of the Rasch rating scale model and the factor analysis of parcels is illustrated with data obtained with the Locus of Control Inventory. The results of these analyses are compared with the results obtained through the factor analysis of items. It is shown that the Rasch rating scale model and the factoring of parcels produce superior results to the factor analysis of items. Recommendations for the analysis of scales are made. Opsomming Die faktorontleding van items lewer dikwels misleidende resultate op, veral in die opsig dat eendimensionele skale as meerdimensioneel voorkom. Hierdie resultate kan dikwels daaraan toegeskryf word dat daar nie aan die aannames van lineariteit en normaliteit waarop faktorontleding berus, voldoen word nie. Itemresponsteorie, wat eksplisiet vir die modellering van die nie-liniêre verbande tussen ordinale items ontwerp is, bied ’n aantreklike alternatief vir die faktorontleding van items. Items kan ook in pakkies gegroepeer word wat meer waarskynlik aan die aannames van faktorontleding voldoen as individuele items. Die gebruik van die Rasch beoordelingskaalmodel en die faktorontleding van pakkies word aan die hand van data wat met die Lokus van Beheervraelys verkry is, gedemonstreer. Die resultate van hierdie ontledings word vergelyk met die resultate wat deur ‘n faktorontleding van die individuele items verkry is. Die resultate dui daarop dat die Rasch ontleding en die faktorontleding van pakkies meer bevredigende resultate lewer as die faktorontleding van items. Aanbevelings vir die ontleding van skale word gemaak.

scholarly journals An examination of the psychometric properties of the occupational identity questionnaire for community-living elderly who require care

2021 ◽  
pp. 156918612199793
Author(s):  
Masataka Shikata ◽  
Hiroyuki Notoh ◽  
Kazuya Shinohara ◽  
Kenji Yabuwaki ◽  
Yoshikazu Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Validity Criterion

Introduction Authors created an Occupational Identity Questionnaire Provisional version (OIQ-P) to assess occupational identity for elderly individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the OIQ-P. Methods Participants included 135 (42 males) elderly who lived locally and required care or support. OIQ-P was evaluated in terms of structural validity, criterion validity and internal consistency. Results Based on the results of an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, an OIQ with a factor structure of 3 factors and 14 items was created. Rasch rating scale model revealed that 14 participants and 1 item did not fit the goodness of fit, nevertheless, the overall result was good. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient indicates that there was a law correlation between OIQ and the occupational identity scale of the Occupational Performance History Interview Version 2. In terms of internal consistency, the person separation index and person separation reliability coefficient were 2.30 and 0.84, respectively. Conclusion This study confirmed the structural validity, criterion validity and internal consistency for the OIQ. To enhance the clinical utility of the OIQ, it is necessary to examine the interpretability and conduct an intervention study using the OIQ.

Using the Rating Scale Model to Examine the Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Driver Competence

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
The Self ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Two Samples

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a self-report scale for assessing perceived driver competence, labeled the Self-Efficacy Scale for Driver Competence (SSDC), using item response theory analyses. Two samples of Swedish driving-license examinees (n = 795; n = 714) completed two versions of the SSDC that were parallel in content. Prior work, using classical test theory analyses, has provided support for the validity and reliability of scores from the SSDC. This study investigated the measurement precision, item hierarchy, and differential functioning for males and females of the items in the SSDC as well as how the rating scale functions. The results confirmed the previous findings; that the SSDC demonstrates sound psychometric properties. In addition, the findings showed that measurement precision could be increased by adding items that tap higher self-efficacy levels. Moreover, the rating scale can be improved by reducing the number of categories or by providing each category with a label.

An IRT Investigation of the Validity of Non-Patient Analogue Research Using the Beck Depression Inventory

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Analogue Research ◽  
Rating Scale Model

This paper presents an IRT analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory which was carried out to assess the assumption of an underlying latent trait common to non-clinical and patient samples. A one parameter rating scale model was fitted to data drawn from a patient and non-patient sample. Findings suggest that while the BDI fits the model reasonably well for the two samples separately there is sufficient differential item functioning to raise serious duobts of the viability of using it analogously with patient and non-patient groups.

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