scholarly journals Newcomb-Benford Law Analysis on COVID-19 Daily Infection Cases and Deaths in Indonesia and Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kitt Wong ◽  
Filbert Juwono ◽  
Wan Ning Loh ◽  
Ik Ying Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Benford Law

Abstract Aims: Each country has been racing to contain the spread of COVID-19. The published data of daily infection and death cases can be used to measure the effectiveness of the control interventions. We focus our study in two Southeast Asia countries: Indonesia and Malaysia during time period between March and November 2020.Methods: Newcomb-Benford law has been commonly used to analyze the probabilities of the first significant digits in natural occurrences since the late 19th century. It is a prominent statistical tool for its capability to detect frauds in data sets. A chi-squared test was recruited to quantify the closeness of the data and Newcomb-Benford law distributions.Results: The results revealed that the distributions of daily infection and death cases in Indonesia followed Newcomb-Benford law while the opposite results were obtained for Malaysia.Conclusion: We have done the analysis of verifying the daily COVID-19 infection and death cases in Indonesia and Malaysia using Newcomb-Benford law. It can be inferred that, between March and November 2020, the control interventions in Indonesia was less effective compared to Malaysia.

scholarly journals Newcomb-Benford law analysis on COVID-19 daily infection cases and deaths in Indonesia and Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Wei Kitt Wong ◽  
Filbert Hilman Juwono ◽  
Wan Ning Loh ◽  
Ik Ying Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Benford Law

Each country has been racing to contain the spread of COVID-19. The published data of daily infection and death cases can be used to measure the effectiveness of the control interventions. We focus our study in two Southeast Asia countries: Indonesia and Malaysia during period between March and November 2020. Newcomb-Benford law has been commonly used to analyze the probabilities of the first significant digits in natural occurrences since the late 19th century. It is a prominent statistical tool for its capability to detect frauds in datasets. A chi-squared test was recruited to quantify the closeness of the data and Newcomb-Benford law distributions. The results revealed that the distributions of daily infection and death cases in Indonesia followed Newcomb-Benford law while the opposite results were obtained for Malaysia. We have done the analysis of verifying the daily COVID-19 infection and death cases in Indonesia and Malaysia using Newcomb-Benford law. It can be inferred that, between March and November 2020, the control interventions in Indonesia was less effective compared to Malaysia.  

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Institutions: COVID-19 Positive Rates in Asymptomatic Patients Pre-Screened for Spine Procedures and Surgeries in Los Angeles, California

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110574
Author(s):  
Allen S. Chen ◽  
Matthew Brown ◽  
Anush Arekelyan ◽  
Sophie Wennemann ◽  
Nick Shamie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Using Data

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented global public health emergency. The aim of the current study was to report on COVID-19 rates in an asymptomatic population prior to undergoing spine procedures or surgeries at two large Los Angeles healthcare systems. Methods Elective spine procedures and surgeries from May 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021 were included. Results from SARS-CoV-2 virus RT-PCR nasopharyngeal testing within 72 hours prior to elective spine procedures were recorded. Los Angeles County COVID-19 rates were calculated using data sets from Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. Chi-squared test and Stata/IC were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 4,062 spine procedures and surgeries were scheduled during this time period. Of these, 4,043 procedures and surgeries were performed, with a total of 19 patients testing positive. Nine positive patients were from UCLA, and 10 from USC. The overall rate of positive tests was low at .47% and reflected similarities with Los Angeles County COVID-19 rates over time. Conclusions The current study shows that pre-procedure COVID-19 testing rates remains very low, and follows similar patterns of community rates. While pre-procedure testing increases the safety of elective procedures, universal COVID-19 pre-screening adds an additional barrier to receiving care for patients and increases cost of delivering care. A combination of pre-screening, pre-procedure self-quarantine, and consideration of overall community COVID-19 positivity rates should be further studied.

Modern Architecture in Southeast Asia, an Introduction. Asia, North-South-West-East

2017 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Setiadi Sopandi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yamana ◽  
Johannes Widodo ◽  
Shin Muramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
South West ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Asian Economy

The Asian economy began to rebound in the early 2000s. Cities were, once again, expanding along with the population and industrialization. Architectural projects, after having halted for a few years, were coming back providing new opportunities for Asian practices. Sharing optimism as well as anxieties, Asian architects and scholars were looking forward to the future as well as once again taking a glimpse back at their recent architectural past, roughly from the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century. With this opportunity, they decided to take a moment to reflect on how Asian cities, landscapes, and their architectural heritage were shaped, altered, grown in the process of Asian societies embracing modernity.

Association of HIV infection with survival and cancer-specific death in cancer patients in Louisiana.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18630-e18630
Author(s):  
Suki Subbiah ◽  
Shelby Meckstroth ◽  
Yong Yi ◽  
Lauren Maniscalco ◽  
Xiao-Cheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

e18630 Background: Studies have reported elevated mortality in HIV patients (pts), including cancer-specific mortality, compared to non-HIV pts. However, many of these studies did not include data from Louisiana. Louisiana has among the highest HIV and AIDS case rates in the country, but there is no available large-scale data regarding cancer outcomes in HIV pts in the state. We compared our data in Louisiana to the largest known study to date over an expanded time period to evaluate for disparities. Methods: Following linkage of Louisiana Tumor Registry data from 1995-2016 and Louisiana Office of Public Health, STD/HIV Program database, we identified a total of 435,478 cancer cases, of which 2,949 were HIV-positive (0.67%). Analyses of categorical variables were performed using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Cause of death was extracted from death certificate or autopsy report. Survival analyses were performed utilizing SEER*Stat. Results: Despite the higher proportion of HIV in cancer pts in Louisiana, demographics are similar to previously published data in that cancer pts with HIV tended to be male, black, and younger than their HIV-negative counterparts (p<0.001). However, although 5-year survival was substantially decreased in HIV-cancer pts in congruence with other studies, cancer-specific mortality was lower than non-HIV pts in all cohorts, including both AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (non-ADC). Conclusions: HIV infection in cancer pts in Louisiana is associated with lower survival but not increased cancer-specific death, independent of race, gender, age, ADC vs non-ADC, and viral vs non-viral etiology. HIV-related deaths still comprise a substantial cause of death in this population.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Japanese commercial activities in French Indochina from the late 19th century to 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-927
Author(s):  
Huynh Phuong Anh
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Japanese Immigration ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Trade And Investment

From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Japan promoted trade and investment in Southeast Asia, including French Indochina. As a subregion with an abundance of natural resources and potential consumption market, Indochina became an attractive destination for Japanese merchants and companies. The Japanese merchants moved into French Indochina from the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century together with the great surge of Japanese immigration to Southeast Asian countries since the end of the Meiji period. In the first phase, the number of Japanese merchants in Indochina was relatively small and mainly engaged in importing and exporting activities or grocery trading. In addition to merchants, Japanese economic zaibatsu and companies started to open representative offices or branches in Indochina such as Mitsui Bussan, Mitsubishi, Menka which focused on purchasing rice and coal. However, from the early 20th century to the late 1930s, commercial activities of Japanese merchants and companies in Indochina were restricted due to various reasons. From the late 1930s to the 1940s, along with Japanese commercial policy towards Southeast Asia, especially the entry of Japanese military into Indochina, the Japanese merchants and companies expanded their commercial activities in this region, through which the great impacts were put upon foreign trade activities in Indochina as well as the commercial relationship between Japan and Indochina.

The imbalance of paleontological trees

Paleobiology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine G. Harcourt-Brown ◽  
Paul. N. Pearson ◽  
Mark Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Markovian Model ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Model Clade ◽  
Fossil Data

One of the most extensively studied aspects of phylogenetic tree shape is balance, which is the extent to which nodes divide a tree into clades of equal size. Several authors have stressed the importance of tree balance for understanding patterns of evolution. It has been remarked that paleontological studies commonly produce very unbalanced trees (also called pectinate cladograms or “Hennigian combs”). This claim is tested here by comparing the balance of 50 paleontological trees and 50 neontological trees, all taken from the recent literature. Each tree was reanalyzed from the published data matrix to ensure its accuracy. The results confirm that paleontological trees tend to be more imbalanced than neontological trees.That paleontological trees are more imbalanced has been represented as a shortcoming of fossil data sets, but here it is argued that this is the expected result. Even under a simple Markovian model in which all speciations and extinctions occur randomly and with equal probability in all parts of the tree, trees based on taxa from a single time period (e.g., the present day) are generally more balanced than trees based on all taxa that ever existed within the clade. Computer simulation is used to calculate the expected balance and standard deviation of trees for up to 40 terminal taxa over the entire history of a model clade. The balance is measured using Colless's index, Ic, and the expected balance conforms well with published paleontological trees. The study underlines the difficulty of applying neontological tree statistics in paleontology.

scholarly journals Empat Manuskrip Alquran di Subang Jawa Barat (Studi Kodikologi Manuskrip Alquran)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jajang A. Rohmana
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
West Java

The article focuses on four qur’anic manuscripts in Subang, West Java. I will analyze the material aspect of the manuscripts and its writing styles, using the codicological approach. This study shows that three manuscripts used European paper and containing “Concordia” watermark which was produced around the late 19th century. These three manuscripts might be written later at the beginning of the twentieth century. Meanwhile, the last one who used bark paper of daluwang cannot be estimated its dating. The writing of four manuscripts used Naskhi style. There are also some errors in handwriting. Moreover, the manuscripts used rasm imla’i as same as classical mushaf in the archipelago. These manuscripts are different with palace manuscripts that generally used beauty illuminations and scribes. This study is not only critical to give another perspective on the spread of qur’anic manuscripts in Southeast Asia, particularly in West Java but also to strengthen the distinctive feature on material manuscripts, rasm, and illumination of qur’anic manuscripts in the Archipelago. These four qur’anic manuscripts show the importance of the role of the Qur’an in strengthening Islam in the society through the scribe of qur’anic manuscripts and its use in the learning of Islam.

scholarly journals Potential Triggers for Thrombocytopenia and/or Hemorrhage by the BNT162b2 Vaccine, Pfizer-BioNTech

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Okada ◽  
Ryota Sakai ◽  
Marie Sato-Fitoussi ◽  
Marika Nodera ◽  
Shoichi Yoshinaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Pharmacovigilance System ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Common ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Do So

Immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disease that can cause bleeding in severe cases. Although available published data do not associate the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) with the risk of developing thrombocytopenia, the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine has raised concerns about its potential link with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. We would like to clarify whether the BNT162b2 vaccine administration may interfere with pre-existing conditions and whether it may cause a risk of thrombocytopenia. Herein, we report three cases of post-vaccine thrombocytopenia among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); one case in which a causal relationship cannot be ruled out with the BNT162b2 vaccine was officially announced. Furthermore, we reviewed reports of adverse events and death cases with a focus on thrombocytopenia and hemorrhages, following vaccination with BNT162b2 in Japan between February 17, 2021 and July 16, 2021, as reported by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare within the general population. The three cases in this report share the common features of old age, RA, chronic renal failure or hypertension, and pre-existing mild thrombocytopenia at baseline. A total of 746 death cases were reported during this time period, with death by bleeding accounting for 8.8% of the total deaths, of which 84.8% were cranial and statistically higher in young women than among elderly women. The risk-benefit ratio of the vaccine needs to be reconsidered based on high- and low-risk population types and ethnicity. To do so, the expansion of the pharmacovigilance system for BNT162b2 vaccination is urgently required worldwide.

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