scholarly journals Factors Affecting Torque of Beam Type Implant Torque Wrench 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Sato ◽  
Junichi Furuya ◽  
Tokiko Osawa ◽  
Akio Isobe ◽  
Myu Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tightening Torque ◽  
Torque Wrench ◽  
Screw Breakage ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

Abstract Background: Screw breakage and loosening are the most common mechanical complications in implant treatment. One of the causes is the excess or deficiency of the screw tightening torque; thus, the use of a torque wrench is a prerequisite for achieving an accurate tightening torque. Therefore, we focused on the beam-type torque wrenches, which are the main type, to clarify the factors affecting this torque.Results: The torque values of the beam-type torque wrenches for the eight manufacturers were measured using a torque gauge. For investigating the influence of the location of the beam placed on the scale, the measurement was performed with the scale aligned with the upper edge, center, and lower edge of the beam. Additionally, measurements were taken at 90°, 60°, and 30° to examine the effect of the angle at which the examiner read the torque value. Under each condition, a single examiner applied the recommended torque value of each manufacturer's screws five times clockwise. The average measured torque, standard deviation, bias, and coefficient of variation were calculated and compared. Equipment from six manufacturers demonstrated the best accuracy for measurements at the center of the beam (bias within ± 4%). For measurements at 90°, equipment from five manufacturers displayed the highest accuracy (bias within ± 7%), and seven showed the highest repeatability (coefficient of variation 2% or less).Conclusion: It was recommended that the center of the beam should be aligned with the scale and read from 90°, while tightening the torque wrench. The accuracy and repeatability differed according to the manufacturer, scale width, scale line width, and beam width, while the distance between scale and beam center was related to accuracy and repeatability. Based on these results, it was suggested that a torque wrench must be selected after grasping the difference depending on the structure of the model to be used.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the factors affecting torque of beam-type implant torque wrenches

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Shiba ◽  
Yuji Sato ◽  
Junichi Furuya ◽  
Tokiko Osawa ◽  
Akio Isobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tightening Force ◽  
Torque Wrench ◽  
Screw Breakage ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Abstract Background Screw breakage and loosening are the most common mechanical complications associated with implant treatment, and they may occur due to excess or inadequate screw tightening torque. When fastening and fixing the implant superstructure, screws are tightened using a torque wrench, which is essential for an accurate tightening force. However, the characteristics of the torque wrench have not been fully verified. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the factors affecting the torque with a focus on beam-type torque wrenches, which are the main types of wrenches. Methods The torque values generated by beam-type torque wrenches from eight manufacturers were measured using a torque gauge. To investigate the influence of the location of the beam relative to the scale, measurements were performed with a scale aligned with the trailing edge, center, and leading edge of the beam respectively. Additionally, measurements were taken at 90°, 60°, and 30° to examine the effect of the angle at which the examiner read the torque value. Under each condition, a single examiner applied the recommended torque to each manufacturer's screws five times in a clockwise direction. The average measured torque, standard deviation, bias, and coefficient of variation were calculated and compared accordingly. Results Wrenches from six manufacturers demonstrated excellent accuracy for measurements at the center of the beam (bias within ± 4%). For measurements at 90°, equipments from five manufacturers displayed excellent accuracy (bias within ± 7%), and seven showed excellent repeatability (coefficient of variation ≤ 2%). Conclusion The scale should be aligned with the center of the beam and read from 90° while using a torque wrench. The accuracy and repeatability torques generated by the wrenches differed according to the manufacturer, scale width, scale line width, beam width, and distance between the scale and beam center. Based on these results, we suggest that a torque wrench must be selected after determining the difference in the structure of the torque wrench.

A quantitative evaluation of some factors affecting the non-fatty solids of cow's milk

1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Alexander ◽  
F. B. Leech
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Satisfactory Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position

SummaryTen farms in the county of Durham took part in a field study of the effects of feeding and of udder disease on the level of non-fatty solids (s.n.f.) in milk. Statistical analysis of the resulting data showed that age, pregnancy, season of the year, and total cell count affected the percentage of s.n.f. and that these effects were additive and independent of each other. No effect associated with nutritional changes could be demonstrated.The principal effects of the factors, each one freed from effects of other factors, were as follows:Herds in which s.n.f. had been consistently low over a period of years were compared with herds in which s.n.f. had been satisfactory. Analysis of the data showed that about 70% of the difference in s.n.f. between these groups could be accounted for by differences in age of cow, stage of lactation, cell count and breed.There was some evidence of a residual effect following clinical mastitis that could not be accounted for by residual high cell counts.The within-cow regression of s.n.f. on log cell count calculated from the Durham data and from van Rensburg's data was on both occasions negative.The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly in relation to advisory work.

A method for measuring the residence time distribution of particles in a fluidized bed based on digital image analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Li ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Jiliang Ma ◽  
Cai Liang
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Color Space ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

AbstractTraditional methods for measuring the residence time distribution (RTD) of particles in a fluidized bed are complex and time-consuming. To this regard, the present work proposes a new measurement method with remarkable efficiency based on digital image analysis. The dyed tracers are recognized in the images of the samples due to the difference of colors from bed materials. The HSV and the well-known RGB color space were employed to distinguish the tracers. By enhancing the Saturation and the Value in HSV and adjusting the gray range of images, the recognition error is effectively reduced. Then the pixels representing the tracers are distinguished, based on which the concentration of the tracers and RTD are measured. The efficiency, accuracy and repeatability of the method were validated by RTD measurements experiments. The method is also fit for distinguishing the target particles from multi-component systems consisting of particles of different colors.

Determination Of Factors Affecting Father-Baby Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emine Serap ÇAĞAN ◽  
Birsen KARACA SAYDAM ◽  
Sinem GÜLÜMSER ATEŞ ◽  
Rabia EKTİ GENÇ ◽  
Esin ÇEBER TURFAN
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: The primary attachment figure is mostly defined as the mother, and studies focus on the mother. However, in many babies, basic attachment is just as good with the father as with the mother. It is seen that there are very few studies in the literature investigating the correlations of father-infant attachment relationships.. The aim of this study is to determine the father-infant attachment status and to determine the factors affecting attachment. Method: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of the spouses of all puerperant women hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between September 1, 2018 and October 1, 2018. The sample size consisted of 156 fathers who agreed to participate in the study. Father identification form and father-infant attachment scale were used to collect the study data. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was carried out on the computer using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Results: 156 fathers participated in the study. The mean age of the fathers is 33.64±6.49, and 38.5% of them have a bachelor's degree. 91.0% of fathers stated that they felt ready for fatherhood. The fathers' Father-Infant Attachment Scale mean score was 82.60±7.72 In the analysis, the difference between the variables and the total score of the scale was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: At the end of the study, the bonding process of fathers participating in the study with their babies and the factors affecting this process were evaluated and it was seen that the father-infant attachment scale mean scores of the fathers participating in the study were high and were similar to other studies. In addition, when the basic factors affecting father-infant attachment were compared with the attachment scale mean score, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Fensulfothion: Collaborative Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-803
Author(s):  
Margie E Owen ◽  
◽  
O O Bennett ◽  
L T Chenery ◽  
C J Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A method for analyzing fensulfothion was tested by 10 collaborators. Formulations were dissolved, or extracted from inerts, in methanol. Benzophenone was used as an internal standard. The solution was diromatographed on a Partisil-10 ODS-2, or equivalent, reverse phase column, and detected at 230 nm. A mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphoric acid was used. The ratio of fensulfothion peak height to benzophenone peak height was calculated from the UV response and compared to the standard material for quantitation. A 15% granular formulation was analyzed as a matched pair. The results of one collaborator were outliers by the Dixon test. The coefficient of variation for the granular formulation was 1.6%. A matched pair of 63% spray concentrate samples was analyzed by 10 collaborators. The difference in results was an outlier for one collaborator; the coefficient of variation for the other collaborators was 1.5%. The method has been adopted official first action.

scholarly journals Tensile Testing with Cyclic Strain Holding to Analyze Dynamic Recrystallization of Pure Lead

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mayu Muramatsu ◽  
Motomichi Koyama ◽  
Ikumu Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Strain Responses

We analyzed the dynamic recrystallization of pure lead by tensile testing with cyclic strain holding at room temperature. The specimens were held at an identical strain and subsequently reloaded, providing the strength before and after the strain holding process. The difference in strength enables factors affecting dynamic recrystallization behavior to be analyzed through mechanical testing. For instance, the effects of strain rate on dynamic recrystallization were analyzed by comparing the results obtained from tensile tests with and without strain holding. This experimental technique demonstrated some parts of contribution of elastic strain, dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallization, and necking to stress-strain responses.

The Application of Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation Method on Assessing Bridge Durability

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 1033-1037
Author(s):  
Fei Zheng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Pu Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Fuzzy Mathematics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

Assessment of the structure durability of concrete bridge in service is crucial for determining whether their service performance is meeting the design requirements or not. In this paper we classify the whole structure of bridge into two levels, i.e.bridge structure and bridge components. A two-level-multi-index model for evaluating the durability of concrete bridges in service is established based on the dependent functions of various factors, in which the dependent functions are chosen in accordance with the difference of various factors affecting the deterioration of durability of components. In this model, the durability of the bridge is divided into five different fuzzy levels: intact, disrepaired, damaged, severely damaged, and dangerous. Finally, based on fuzzy mathematics theory, the durability level of a bridge in practice is evaluated by using the maximum subordination principle.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Produksi Kalapa Sawit Rakyat Menurut Tipologi Lahan di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heriyanto Heriyanto ◽  
Asrol Asrol ◽  
Detri Karya ◽  
Verry Yarda Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Coastal Land

Heriyanto et al, 2018. Analysis of the Production Factors of the People's Palm Oil According to the Land Typology in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. JLSO 7(1): Palm oil commodities are one of the plantation sub-sector commodities that increase the income of farmers and the community, provide processing industry raw materials that create added value. The land cultivated by independent oil palm farmers consists of land land, tidal peatlands, coastal peatlands and coastal land. The difference in typology of this land will contribute to different production. The research aimed to analyze the oil palm production and the dominant factor affecting oil palm production according to the typology of land in Indragiri Hilir Riau Province. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and built multiple regression models with the dummy variable method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the study showed that the production of oil palm cultivation on land is the highest compared to the typology of tidal peatland, coastal peat and coastal land. The dominant factors affecting palm oil production in Indragiri Hilir Regency were the amount of fertilizer use, labor, age of plants, herbicides and dummy typology of land. In order to obtain optimal production, this study recommended doing oil palm farming in accordance with the correct cultivation techniques in accordance with the characteristics of land typology. Besides that the use of balanced fertilizer (elements of N, P, and K) in accordance with the recommended needed to be applied.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Family Business Succession in the Food Hawking Business in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cho Kin Ng
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Business Succession ◽  
Family Business Succession ◽  
Potential Moderator

Abstract Food hawking businesses around the world largely contribute to the economy of countries and provides much needed jobs that feed employment, even though earnings are low. The food hawking business in Malaysia is under threat of extinction due to the reluctance of the next generation in taking over the food hawking businesses from the elderships. As research in the area of family business succession is scarce, this study serves to add to the theoretical aspect of the area. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of vending environment, operating hours, successor willingness, relationship among family members and preparation level of heir on the intention of family succession in the food hawking business in Malaysia. Leader’s approval was also studied as a potential moderator. The methodology used was a questionnaire survey study design with a sample size of 208, respondents were obtained via convenience sampling from Kuala Lumpur and Penang as hawkers are abundant in these two locations. Findings show that vending environment, successor willingness, relationship among family members and preparation level of heir have a significant effect on the intention of family succession in the food hawking business in Malaysia. Leader’s approval was found to be insignificant as a moderator. Operating hours was not significant, possibly due to the difference in importance placed by Malaysian hawkers in succession.

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