scholarly journals Innovations in Acheulean Biface production at la Noira (France) during Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA GARCIA MEDRANO ◽  
Jackie Despriée ◽  
Marie-Hélène Moncel
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Models Comparison ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract The archaeological sequence of la Noira (Centre region, France) yielded two phases of occupation: ca 700 ka (stratum a) and ca 450 ka (stratum c). No site between these two dates has yet been discovered in the area, and this chronological period has thus been interpreted as a gap in settlement from MIS 16 to MIS 12, two crucial phases of occupation in Western Europe, before and after the long glacial event MIS 12 which record the onset of the Acheulean in Europe and earliest evidence of innovations from MIS 12 considered as a shift in human evolution. Here, we compare these two levels and track technological innovations during this time, combining technological analysis with geometric morphometrics with the use of 3D models comparison of the Large Cutting Tools (LCTs). Stratum a yielded an Early Acheulean, one of the few evidence in Europe presents tools with mainly short shaping sequences on local millstone slabs, with special attention to tips, but with clear management of tool volume. Stratum c, dated to the MIS 11, differs in that both local millstone and flints from distant sources show longer shaping sequences, the use of soft hammers for several series of removals on tools, combined with final regularizing retouch on entire edges. The morphometric approach shows a morphological transition from oval to teardrop shapes for the thinnest tools. Our data suggest a clear technological filiation between strata a and c and in la Noira populations from MIS 16 and MIS 12, as suggested for innovations of core technologies and land-use patterns, and raise question on local human behavioral evolution over the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Innovations in Acheulean Biface Production at La Noira (Centre France): Shift or Drift Between 700 and 450 Ka in Western Europe?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula García-Medrano ◽  
Jackie Despriée ◽  
Marie-Hélène Moncel
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Morphological Transition ◽  
Slab Geometry ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Loire Basin ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The archaeological sequence of la Noira, in the Middle Loire Basin (Centre region, France) yielded two phases of occupation: ca 700 ka (stratum a) and ca 450 ka (stratum c). No site between these two dates has yet been discovered in the area, and this chronological period has thus been interpreted as a gap in settlement from MIS 16 to MIS 12. Here, we compare these two levels and track technological innovations or/and inventions during this time, based on the technological and morphometric comparison of the Large Cutting Tools (LCTs), applying a new method of analysis. We explore inter and intra-level variability in order to address the hypotheses of (1) the filiation over time of populations settling sporadically in the region or (2) the arrival of new populations from other European or extra-European areas. Stratum a presents mainly short shaping sequences on local millstone, taking advantage of natural slab geometry, and with special attention to tips, but with clear management of tool volume. Stratum c differs in that both local millstone and flints from distant sources show longer shaping sequences, the use of soft hammers for several series of removals, combined with final regularizing retouch on entire edges. The morphometric approach shows a morphological transition from oval to teardrop shapes for the thinnest tools. A technological filiation between strata a and c and between la Noira populations from MIS 16 and MIS 12 in this area has to be considered.

Study of Possible Relation between Fasting Plasma Glucagon, Gestational Diabetes and Development of Type 2 DM

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Okba ◽  
Salwa Seddik Hosny ◽  
Alyaa Elsherbeny ◽  
Manal Mohsin Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases

Background and Aims: Women who develop GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) have a relative insulin secretion deficiency, the severity of which may be predictive for later development of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the role of fasting plasma glucagon in the prediction of later development of diabetes in pregnant women with GDM. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 150 pregnant women with GDM after giving informed oral and written consents and being approved by the research ethical committee according to the declaration of Helsinki. The study was conducted in two phases, first phase during pregnancy and the second one was 6 months post-partum, as we measured fasting plasma glucagon before and after delivery together with fasting and 2 hour post-prandial plasma sugar. Results: Our findings suggested that glucagon levels significantly increased after delivery in the majority 14/25 (56%) of GDM women who developed type 2 DM within 6 months after delivery compared to 6/20 (30%) patients with impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG) and only 22/105 (20%) non DM women, as the median glucagon levels were 80,76, 55, respectively. Also, there was a high statistical difference between fasting plasma glucagon post-delivery among diabetic and non-diabetic women (p ≤ 0.001). These results indicated the useful role of assessing fasting plasma glucagon before and after delivery in patients with GDM to predict the possibility of type 2 DM. Conclusion: There is a relatively high glucagon level in GDM patients, which is a significant pathogenic factor in the incidence of subsequent diabetes in women with a history of GDM. This could be important in the design of follow-up programs for women with previous GDM.

scholarly journals Dynamic variations in salinity and potassium grade of a potassium-rich brine deposit in Lop Nor basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Ma ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Tang ◽  
Hui Yan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Underground Brine ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Mining History ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lop Nor

AbstractThe Quaternary Lop Nor playa is the largest production base of potassium sulfate in the world. It has a mining history of more than 10 years, and its share in the Chinese potassium sulfate market is about 50% to-date. In this basin, the high-salinity potassium-rich brines are mainly contained in Middle Pleistocene–Holocene glauberite strata. Based on the monitoring of the underground brine table and geochemical analysis, this study reveals variations in the underground brine table and potassium-bearing grade before and after large-scale mining in the Lop Nor potash deposit. The results showed that the underground brine table and potassium sulfate grade decreased by varying degrees over sub-mineral areas after large-scale mining. The underground brine table declined by 8.5 m, on average, in the Luobei depression, by 6.4 m in the Tenglong platform and by 1.9 m in the Xinqing platform. However, the potassium-bearing grade showed the different trend. The Tenglong platform had the largest decline with average decreases in layers W1, W2 and W3 of 18.2%, 13.0% and 24.8%, respectively. In the Xinqing platform, the average decrease in layersW2 and W3 were 17.4% and 16.0% respectively. The Luobei depression decreases were relatively small (W1, W2 and W3 decreased 4.3%, 4.2% and 3.1%, respectively). This research provides a theoretical basis for the rational development and sustainable use of the potassium-rich brines in the Lop Nor basin.

scholarly journals SURG-03. IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS IN NEUROSURGICAL ONCOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii461-iii461
Author(s):  
Andrea Carai ◽  
Angela Mastronuzzi ◽  
Giovanna Stefania Colafati ◽  
Paul Voicu ◽  
Nicola Onorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
3D Rendering ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Tridimensional (3D) rendering of volumetric neuroimaging is increasingly been used to assist surgical management of brain tumors. New technologies allowing immersive virtual reality (VR) visualization of obtained models offer the opportunity to appreciate neuroanatomical details and spatial relationship between the tumor and normal neuroanatomical structures to a level never seen before. We present our preliminary experience with the Surgical Theatre, a commercially available 3D VR system, in 60 consecutive neurosurgical oncology cases. 3D models were developed from volumetric CT scans and MR standard and advanced sequences. The system allows the loading of 6 different layers at the same time, with the possibility to modulate opacity and threshold in real time. Use of the 3D VR was used during preoperative planning allowing a better definition of surgical strategy. A tailored craniotomy and brain dissection can be simulated in advanced and precisely performed in the OR, connecting the system to intraoperative neuronavigation. Smaller blood vessels are generally not included in the 3D rendering, however, real-time intraoperative threshold modulation of the 3D model assisted in their identification improving surgical confidence and safety during the procedure. VR was also used offline, both before and after surgery, in the setting of case discussion within the neurosurgical team and during MDT discussion. Finally, 3D VR was used during informed consent, improving communication with families and young patients. 3D VR allows to tailor surgical strategies to the single patient, contributing to procedural safety and efficacy and to the global improvement of neurosurgical oncology care.

Development of an Intelligent CAD System for Involute Cylindrical Gear Cutting Tools

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Ying Hua Liao ◽  
Gao Jun Liu ◽  
Xiang Guo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Tool Design ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Intelligent Cad ◽  
Forward Reasoning ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
2D And 3D

An intelligent CAD system for Involute cylindrical gear cutting tools is developed by VC++ and SQL server, and it includes four modules, such as user interface, instance query, intelligent gear tool design and database. The intelligent gear tool design is the key to the intelligent CAD system, and it is based on the forward reasoning production system, and as the Intelligent reasoning technology is used for gear tool design, a lots of expert knowledge could be made full use of. The design results by the developed intelligent CAD system are more reasonable than those by a traditional CAD system, and the efficiency and quality of the gear tool design also could be improved. The developed intelligent CAD system supports both 2D and 3D models, which can lay foundation for CAD/CAE/CAM integration of gear cutting tools.

scholarly journals Towards a third phase of regulation:

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Berg ◽  
Jean-Pierre Nouveau
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Private Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Legislative Review

With the legislative review of police oversight currently taking place in South Africa, now is a good time to reflect on the regulation of the private security industry. This article does so by focusing on three challenges to the current private security regulatory systems: the increased pluralisation of policing within public spaces; the operation of hidden sectors within the industry; and the nature of criminal abuses perpetuated by the industry. We do this to demonstrate the need for a re-imagining of what regulation, especially state regulation, of this industry should entail. The aim of the article is not to review the current legislation or to identify gaps and propose means of filling those gaps, but rather to reflect on the underlying premises informing the legislation and propose a shift in thinking. We do this by briefly identifying two phases of state regulation in South Africa, implemented before and after the change to a new democratic dispensation, and suggest that we are now entering a third phase of regulation. We conclude with suggestions as to what this third phase may entail.

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