Elevated Liver Enzymes and Incident Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Yemeni Patients

Abstract Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This case-control study was aimed to assess the association between liver enzymes and incident T2D in Yemeni patients. The present study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects were recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinic of Ibn-Sina hospital in Mukalla during the period from 1st January to 30th May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). In correlation analysis, serum GGT levels were positively associated with systolic BP (r= 0.134; P= 0.025), diastolic BP (r= 0.218; P= <0.001), FBG (r= 0.216; P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (r= 0.196; P= 0.0001), triglyceride (r= 0.123; P= 0.038), and LDL-C (r= 0.209; P= <0.0001). Also, serum ALT and GGT levels were significantly associated with increased incident T2D risk (P= 0.006 for ALT and 0.022 for GGT) and the odds ratio at 95% CI comparing highest versus lower tertiles of ALT and GGT were 2.75(2.01-3.48) and 1.17(1.83-6.42) respectively. In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT are positively associated with increased blood glucose levels and may be used as the predictive biomarkers in developing higher risk of diabetes. Thus, routine screening of ALT and GGT in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver disorders.

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Elevated Liver Enzymes and Incident Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Yemeni Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-152758/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽

Mariam A. Humam ◽

Nabil S. Musiaan ◽

Ahmed M. Daakik ◽

Mohammed A. Balfas

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Incident Type ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract This case-control study was aimed to assess the association between liver enzymes and incident T2D in Yemeni patients. The present study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects were recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinic of Ibn-Sina Hospital in Mukalla during the period from 1st January to 30th May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). Serum ALT and GGT levels were significantly associated with increased incident T2D risk (P= 0.006 for ALT and 0.022 for GGT), and the odds ratios at 95% CI comparing the highest versus lower tertiles of ALT and GGT were 2.75(2.01-3.48) and 1.17(1.83-6.42) respectively. In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT are positively associated with increased blood glucose levels and are used as predictive biomarkers for developing a higher risk of diabetes. Thus, routine screening of ALT and GGT in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver disorders.

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Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-148386/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽

Mariam A. Humam ◽

Omer M. Barahman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Type Two Diabetes

Abstract Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with dyslipidemia and liver function disorders. This study was conducted to assess the association between liver enzymes and elevated lipid profile in a sample of Yemeni patients with T2DM. A case-control study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects was carried out at the outpatient clinics of Ibn-Sina hospital, Mukalla, during the period from January to May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. Independent sample T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). In correlation analysis, serum GGT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.216; P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (r= 0.196; P= 0.0001), triglyceride (r= 0.123; P= 0.038), and LDL-C (r= 0.209; P= <0.0001). Also, serum ALT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.145, P= 0.014) and triglyceride (r= 0.172, P= 0.004). In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT are used as the predictive biomarkers for NAFLD in T2D patients with hyperlipidemia. Thus, routine screening of liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver abnormalities and diminish diabetes complications.

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Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-148386/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽

Mariam A. Humam ◽

Omer H. Barahim ◽

Omer M. Barahman ◽

Mohamed A. Balfas

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Type Two Diabetes

Abstract Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with dyslipidemia and liver function disorders. This study was conducted to assess the association between liver enzymes and elevated lipid profile in a sample of Yemeni patients with T2DM. A case-control study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects was carried out at the outpatient clinics of Ibn-Sina hospital, Mukalla, during the period from January to May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. Independent sample T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). In correlation analysis, serum GGT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.216; P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (r= 0.196; P= 0.0001), triglyceride (r= 0.123; P= 0.038), and LDL-C (r= 0.209; P= <0.0001). Also, serum ALT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.145, P= 0.014) and triglyceride (r= 0.172, P= 0.004). In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT could be used as the predictive markers for NAFLD in T2D patients with hyperlipidemia. Thus, routine screening of liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver abnormalities and diminish diabetes complications.

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Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-148386/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽

Mariam A. Humam ◽

Omer H. Barahim ◽

Omer M. Barahman ◽

Mohamed A. Balfas

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Lipids Profile ◽

Type Two Diabetes ◽

Control Study

Abstract Type two diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with dyslipidemia and liver function disorders. This study was conducted to assess the association between liver enzymes and elevated lipids profile in a sample of Yemeni patients with T2DM. A case- control study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects was carried out at outpatient clinics of aIbn-Sina Hospital in Mukalla during the period from January to May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, ALT, AST, and GGTwere analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and GET, while HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients. In correlation analysis, serum GGT was positively associated with FBG, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C. Also, serum ALT was positively associated with FBG and triglyceride. In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT could be used as the predictive biomarkers for NAFLD in T2D patients with hyperglycemia. Thus, routine screening of liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver abnormalities and diminish diabetes complications.

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Alterations of liver enzymes in T2DM: a case control study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20184768 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1521

Author(s):

Chandrashekhar G. S.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Case Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Control Study

Background: Liver plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose in fed state as well as in fasting. Diabetes mellitus can result as a consequence of liver disorder and vice versa. Objective of the present study is to compare the liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.Methods: A case- control study was conducted in Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Adarsha Super speciality Hospital, Udupi from April 2018 to August 2018. The data of 174 diabetic patients and 118 healthy people as controls was collected. Fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated in the study subjects.Results: It was found that AST levels (47.55±4.69U/L) in diabetics extremely significantly high as compared to controls (33.51±2.33U/L). ALT levels were insignificantly high in diabetics compared to controls. ALP was significantly elevated (p=0.0002) in diabetics. Correlation study showed a weak positive correlation between AST, ALT and blood glucose. Odds ratio showed a higher risk of liver enzyme elevation in diabetics. Risk of elevation of AST was found to be 1.65 times high and ALT was 1.25 times high in diabetics compared to non-diabetics.Conclusions: Diabetics had high liver enzymes as compared to non-diabetics. An association was found between type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver enzymes. For better characterization of cause and effect, further studies need to be done on alterations in liver function tests along with the histopathological analysis of liver biopsy samples.

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Blood mercury and liver enzymes: A pan-India retrospective correlation study

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233720970437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1019-1023

Author(s):

Krishnakumar Sivapandi ◽

Amruta Velumani ◽

Kallathikumar Kallathiyan ◽

Sandhya Iyer ◽

Prachi Sinkar

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

National Laboratory ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Toxic Heavy Metal ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽

The Difference ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal, and the reported effects of exposure on liver function continue to be inconsistent. The objective of our study was to identify correlations between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in a pan-India population including adults ≥19 years of age. This retrospective study analyzed the data from 95,398 individuals tested for blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in our national laboratory. Testing for blood Hg was done by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, while testing for liver enzymes—aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase—was done by automated photometry systems. Data from all the individuals inclusive of 52,497 males and 42,901 females were studied. The frequency of high blood Hg levels (>5 µg/L) was found to be 0.6%, and the difference between males and females was not found to be significant. Further correlation by linear regression analysis found no relationship between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes among females. However, among males, there was a significant correlation between high blood Hg levels, and increased AST as well as ALT. Our report suggested that for males but not females, Hg exposure may be one of the differentials for elevated liver enzymes.

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Serum Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol levels and its Relation with type 2 148 Diabetes mellitus

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v27i2.45827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 148-154

Author(s):

Nahid Yeasmin ◽

Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽

Sayeeda Mahmuda ◽

Romana Afroz ◽

Sharmin Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Insulin Level ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Medical College ◽

Female Subjects

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread endocrine disorder in female and its complications are increasing all over the world, leading to life threatening medical problems like cardiovascular diseases, stroke and end stage renal diseases. A relation between hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus has been identified. The study was carried out to observe the serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels its relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult female subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. A total number of sixty female subjects were selected with age ranging from30 to50 years. Among them 30 female subjects with diabetes were included from out-patient department of Endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka as study group(B) and 30 apparently healthy female were taken as control group(A) for comparison. Estimation of fasting serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were done by enzymatic method in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College Dhaka in both groups. Fasting serum insulin level was measured by ELISA method in the Department of Laboratory of National Institute of ENT, Dhaka and fasting blood glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method in Department of Dhaka Medical College in both groups. Data were analyzed by Unpaired Student’s- test and Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (r) test as applicable. The value of fasting serum TG and TC level were significantly higher in study subjects than those of control. In study subjects fasting serum TG and fasting serum TC levels showed positive correlation with fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level. Conclusion: Present study revealed that fasting serum triglyceride (TG) and fasting serum cholesterol (TC) levels have positive relationship with fasting serum insulin and fasting blood glucose levels. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 148-154

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Hepatic Involvement in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722673 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Gavazzi ◽

Zachary M. Cross ◽

Sarah Woidill ◽

Joseph M. McMann ◽

Elizabeth B. Rand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzymes ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Rank Test ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Type I ◽

Hepatic Involvement ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractAicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic type-I interferonopathy that results in neurologic injury. The systemic impact of sustained interferon activation is less well characterized. Liver inflammation is known to be associated with the neonatal form of AGS, but the incidence of AGS-related hepatitis across lifespan is unknown.We compared natural history data including liver enzyme levels with markers of inflammation, (liver-specific autoantibodies and interferon signaling gene expression[ISG] scores). Liver enzymes were classified as normal or elevated by the fold increase over the upper limit of normal (ULN). The highest increases were designated as hepatitis, defined as aspartate-aminotransferase or alanine-aminotransferase threefold ULN, or gamma-glutamyl transferase 2.5-fold ULN. A larger cohort was used to further characterize the longitudinal incidence of liver abnormalities and the association with age and genotype.Across the AGS cohort (n = 102), elevated liver enzymes were identified in 76 individuals (74.5%) with abnormalities at a level consistent with hepatitis in 29 individuals (28.4%). SAMHD1 mutations were less likely to be associated with hepatitis (log-rank test; p = 0.011). Hepatitis was associated with early-onset disease and microcephaly (log-rank test; microcephaly p = 0.0401, age onset p = 0.0355). While most subjects (n = 20/33) were found to have liver-specific autoantibodies, there was no association between the presence of autoantibodies or ISG scores with hepatitis-level enzyme elevations.In conclusion, all genotypes of AGS are associated with transient elevations of liver enzymes and the presence of liver-associated autoantibodies. This adds to our growing understanding of the systemic pathology AGS.

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The Association between Serum Gamma Glutamyl transferase and Fasting Blood Glucose in Chinese People: A 6-Year Follow-up Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-968607/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Teng ◽

Peng Lai ◽

Liying Wang ◽

Xuekui Liu ◽

Houfa Geng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Central China ◽

Health Examination ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Independent Factor ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between gamma−glutamyltransferase (GGT) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) during a 6-year follow-up of subjects, and to evaluate if GGT is an independent factor affecting FBG. Methods Total of 1369 individuals from health examination survey at the urban area of Xuzhou, central China, were followed up for 6 years. The patients were divided into four groups according to their baseline GGT levels (in quartiles). The one-way ANOVA method was used to compare the differences of variables with basic line. The relationship between GGT and FBG levels was examined using repeated measurements ANOVA. Results The grouping of baseline GGT levels influenced changes in blood glucose during 6-year follow-up. In GGT quartile subgroups, the annual mean increase of FBG level shows a positive relationship with baseline GGT level. And this trend was even more pronounced in the highest baseline GGT group. Time course, baseline FBG and GGT groups at different individuals, which together affected the change of FBG level during the follow-up. Considering that baseline FBG may affect subsequent FBG levels, repeated measures ANOVA was used to exclude the effect of this factor. Results showed that different baseline GGT groups were still significantly associated with increased FBG levels during follow-up. GGT is an independent factor affecting FBG level（p<0.001）. Conclusions The annual mean increase of FBG level shows a positive relationship with baseline GGT level. Higher baseline GGT levels resulted in a faster annual mean increase in FBG. GGT could be used for early detection of impaired fasting glucose regulation (IFG) patients in clinical field.

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DIABETES MELLITUS PREDICTION;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.579 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (01) ◽

pp. 060-067

Author(s):

SIKANDAR HAYAT KHAN ◽

SYED AOWN RAZA BOKHARI ◽

AAMIR IJAZ ◽

Mohammad Zafar Ali ◽

Umair Masood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Serum Total Cholesterol ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Diagnosis Of Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT… Background: The rapid change in lifestyles and dietary has led to a pandemic of diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis ofdiabetes mellitus sometimes requires 2 hr OGTT sampling. Recent evidence has shown that there are lipid related abnormalitiesassociated with diabetes mellitus, so a consideration comes in for their utilization as a marker to support diabetes mellitus. Objective: (1)To correlate serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and ALT with fasting blood glucose (2). To predict diagnosis of diabetes mellitus usingabove serum markers. Design: Cross-sectional analysis, descriptive study. Place and duration of study: This study was carried outbetween Mar-2010 to Jan-2011 at the department of pathology, PNS RAHAT in collaboration with PNS SHIFA. Subjects and methods: Atotal of 251 subjects were screened for presence of glucose dysregulation. Based upon the results of fasting blood glucose, subjectswere grouped as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDDM).A comparison of lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were made in the above groups tomeasure the differences between the above mentioned three groups. ALT, triglyceride and total cholesterol were correlated with results offasting blood glucose through pearson’s correlation. Later the performance of different cut-offs of triglycerides, total cholesterol and twomathematical models [{Factor-I=FBG (mmol/L) + triglycerides (mmol/L)} and {Factor-II=FBG (mmol/L) + triglycerides (mmol/L) +total cholesterol (mmol/L)}] were evaluated for detecting diabetes mellitus against the gold standard 2 hr OGTT in 71 subjects. Results:The results of triglycerides, total cholesterol and serum ALT between the three groups were as: [{Triglycerides: NGT =1.91, IFG=2.10,NDDM= 2.75, p=0.003} {total cholesterol: NGT=5.03, IFG=5.19, NDDM=5.74, p=0.056} {ALT:NGT=28.47, IFG=27.95,NDDM=25.78, p=0.846}]. Most correlation was found between serum triglycerides and fasting blood glucose (r2=0.235, p<0.001);while serum total cholesterol and ALT showed lesser correlations {(total cholesterol:r2= 0.172, P=0.007), (ALT:r2= 0.010,p=0.877)}. While triglycerides demonstrated superiority in terms of sensitivity to total cholesterol for detection of diabetes mellitus, thefactors incorporating lipids and glucose had the highest overall diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions: Triglycerides and total cholesterollevels rise from normoglycemic individuals to subjects having impaired fasting glucose and newly diagnosed diabetics. The inclusion oftriglycerides and total cholesterol for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus improves the chances of for detection of diabetes mellitus.

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