scholarly journals Elevated Liver Enzymes and Incident Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Yemeni Patients     

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽  
Mariam A. Humam ◽  
Nabil S. Musiaan ◽  
Ahmed M. Daakik ◽  
Mohammed A. Balfas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract This case-control study was aimed to assess the association between liver enzymes and incident T2D in Yemeni patients. The present study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects were recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinic of Ibn-Sina Hospital in Mukalla during the period from 1st January to 30th May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). Serum ALT and GGT levels were significantly associated with increased incident T2D risk (P= 0.006 for ALT and 0.022 for GGT), and the odds ratios at 95% CI comparing the highest versus lower tertiles of ALT and GGT were 2.75(2.01-3.48) and 1.17(1.83-6.42) respectively. In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT are positively associated with increased blood glucose levels and are used as predictive biomarkers for developing a higher risk of diabetes. Thus, routine screening of ALT and GGT in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver disorders.

scholarly journals Elevated Liver Enzymes and Incident Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Yemeni Patients     

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽  
Omer M. Barahman ◽  
Mariam A. Humam ◽  
Nabil S. Musiaan ◽  
Ahmed M. Daakik
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Type Two Diabetes

Abstract Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This case-control study was aimed to assess the association between liver enzymes and incident T2D in Yemeni patients. The present study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects were recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinic of Ibn-Sina hospital in Mukalla during the period from 1st January to 30th May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). In correlation analysis, serum GGT levels were positively associated with systolic BP (r= 0.134; P= 0.025), diastolic BP (r= 0.218; P= <0.001), FBG (r= 0.216; P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (r= 0.196; P= 0.0001), triglyceride (r= 0.123; P= 0.038), and LDL-C (r= 0.209; P= <0.0001). Also, serum ALT and GGT levels were significantly associated with increased incident T2D risk (P= 0.006 for ALT and 0.022 for GGT) and the odds ratio at 95% CI comparing highest versus lower tertiles of ALT and GGT were 2.75(2.01-3.48) and 1.17(1.83-6.42) respectively. In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT are positively associated with increased blood glucose levels and may be used as the predictive biomarkers in developing higher risk of diabetes. Thus, routine screening of ALT and GGT in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver disorders.

scholarly journals Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽  
Mariam A. Humam ◽  
Omer M. Barahman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Type Two Diabetes

Abstract Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with dyslipidemia and liver function disorders. This study was conducted to assess the association between liver enzymes and elevated lipid profile in a sample of Yemeni patients with T2DM. A case-control study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects was carried out at the outpatient clinics of Ibn-Sina hospital, Mukalla, during the period from January to May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. Independent sample T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). In correlation analysis, serum GGT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.216; P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (r= 0.196; P= 0.0001), triglyceride (r= 0.123; P= 0.038), and LDL-C (r= 0.209; P= <0.0001). Also, serum ALT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.145, P= 0.014) and triglyceride (r= 0.172, P= 0.004). In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT are used as the predictive biomarkers for NAFLD in T2D patients with hyperlipidemia. Thus, routine screening of liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver abnormalities and diminish diabetes complications.

scholarly journals Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽  
Mariam A. Humam ◽  
Omer H. Barahim ◽  
Omer M. Barahman ◽  
Mohamed A. Balfas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Type Two Diabetes

Abstract Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with dyslipidemia and liver function disorders. This study was conducted to assess the association between liver enzymes and elevated lipid profile in a sample of Yemeni patients with T2DM. A case-control study comprising 142 T2D patients and 142 healthy control subjects was carried out at the outpatient clinics of Ibn-Sina hospital, Mukalla, during the period from January to May 2020. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using the Cobas Integra Plus 400 autoanalyzer. Also, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken from each participant. Independent sample T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. T2D patients had significantly higher FBG (P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (P= <0.0001), LDL-C (P= <0.0001), and GGT (P= <0.0001) while, HDL-C was significantly lower in T2D patients (P= 0.021). In correlation analysis, serum GGT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.216; P= <0.0001), total cholesterol (r= 0.196; P= 0.0001), triglyceride (r= 0.123; P= 0.038), and LDL-C (r= 0.209; P= <0.0001). Also, serum ALT was positively associated with FBG (r= 0.145, P= 0.014) and triglyceride (r= 0.172, P= 0.004). In conclusion, higher levels of ALT and GGT could be used as the predictive markers for NAFLD in T2D patients with hyperlipidemia. Thus, routine screening of liver enzymes and lipid profile in T2D patients is recommended for the early detection of liver abnormalities and diminish diabetes complications.

Blood mercury and liver enzymes: A pan-India retrospective correlation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023
Author(s):  
Krishnakumar Sivapandi ◽  
Amruta Velumani ◽  
Kallathikumar Kallathiyan ◽  
Sandhya Iyer ◽  
Prachi Sinkar
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal, and the reported effects of exposure on liver function continue to be inconsistent. The objective of our study was to identify correlations between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in a pan-India population including adults ≥19 years of age. This retrospective study analyzed the data from 95,398 individuals tested for blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in our national laboratory. Testing for blood Hg was done by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, while testing for liver enzymes—aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase—was done by automated photometry systems. Data from all the individuals inclusive of 52,497 males and 42,901 females were studied. The frequency of high blood Hg levels (>5 µg/L) was found to be 0.6%, and the difference between males and females was not found to be significant. Further correlation by linear regression analysis found no relationship between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes among females. However, among males, there was a significant correlation between high blood Hg levels, and increased AST as well as ALT. Our report suggested that for males but not females, Hg exposure may be one of the differentials for elevated liver enzymes.

scholarly journals Urinary Resveratrol Metabolites Output: Differential Associations with Cardiometabolic Markers and Liver Enzymes in House-Dwelling Subjects Featuring Metabolic Syndrome

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4340
Author(s):  
Vanessa Bullón-Vela ◽  
Itziar Abete ◽  
Maria Angeles Zulet ◽  
Yifan Xu ◽  
Miguel A. Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Liver Markers ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolites

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) components are strongly associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Several studies have supported that resveratrol is associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on health status. The main objective of this study was to assess the putative associations between some urinary resveratrol phase II metabolites, cardiometabolic, and liver markers in individuals diagnosed with MetS. In this cross-sectional study, 266 participants from PREDIMED Plus study (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) were divided into tertiles of total urinary resveratrol phase II metabolites (sum of five resveratrol conjugation metabolites). Urinary resveratrol metabolites were analyzed by ultra- performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-q-Q MS), followed by micro-solid phase extraction (µ-SPE) method. Liver function markers were assessed using serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Moreover, lipid profile was measured by triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (total cholesterol/HDL). Linear regression adjusted models showed that participants with higher total urine resveratrol concentrations exhibited improved lipid and liver markers compared to the lowest tertile. For lipid determinations: log triglycerides (βT3= −0.15, 95% CI; −0.28, −0.02, p-trend = 0.030), VLDL-c, (βT3= −4.21, 95% CI; −7.97, −0.46, p-trend = 0.039), total cholesterol/HDL ratio Moreover, (βT3= −0.35, 95% CI; −0.66, −0.03, p-trend = 0.241). For liver enzymes: log AST (βT3= −0.12, 95% CI; −0.22, −0.02, p-trend = 0.011, and log GGT (βT3= −0.24, 95% CI; −0.42, −0.06, p-trend = 0.002). However, there is no difference found on glucose variables between groups. To investigate the risk of elevated serum liver markers, flexible regression models indicated that total urine resveratrol metabolites were associated with a lower risk of higher ALT (169.2 to 1314.3 nmol/g creatinine), AST (599.9 to 893.8 nmol/g creatinine), and GGT levels (169.2 to 893.8 nmol/g creatinine). These results suggested that higher urinary concentrations of some resveratrol metabolites might be associated with better lipid profile and hepatic serum enzymes. Moreover, urinary resveratrol excreted showed a reduced odds ratio for higher liver enzymes, which are linked to NAFLD.

Hepatic Involvement in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Gavazzi ◽  
Zachary M. Cross ◽  
Sarah Woidill ◽  
Joseph M. McMann ◽  
Elizabeth B. Rand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hepatic Involvement ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractAicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic type-I interferonopathy that results in neurologic injury. The systemic impact of sustained interferon activation is less well characterized. Liver inflammation is known to be associated with the neonatal form of AGS, but the incidence of AGS-related hepatitis across lifespan is unknown.We compared natural history data including liver enzyme levels with markers of inflammation, (liver-specific autoantibodies and interferon signaling gene expression[ISG] scores). Liver enzymes were classified as normal or elevated by the fold increase over the upper limit of normal (ULN). The highest increases were designated as hepatitis, defined as aspartate-aminotransferase or alanine-aminotransferase threefold ULN, or gamma-glutamyl transferase 2.5-fold ULN. A larger cohort was used to further characterize the longitudinal incidence of liver abnormalities and the association with age and genotype.Across the AGS cohort (n = 102), elevated liver enzymes were identified in 76 individuals (74.5%) with abnormalities at a level consistent with hepatitis in 29 individuals (28.4%). SAMHD1 mutations were less likely to be associated with hepatitis (log-rank test; p = 0.011). Hepatitis was associated with early-onset disease and microcephaly (log-rank test; microcephaly p = 0.0401, age onset p = 0.0355). While most subjects (n = 20/33) were found to have liver-specific autoantibodies, there was no association between the presence of autoantibodies or ISG scores with hepatitis-level enzyme elevations.In conclusion, all genotypes of AGS are associated with transient elevations of liver enzymes and the presence of liver-associated autoantibodies. This adds to our growing understanding of the systemic pathology AGS.

scholarly journals Elevation of serum E-selectin in Thai hyperlipidemia adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3520
Author(s):  
Apinya Michuea ◽  
Somsak Fongsupa ◽  
Thaval Rerksngarm ◽  
Sudawadee Kongkhum
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Marker

Background: Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), whose pathogenesis involves vascular endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, a specific marker of endothelial dysfunction, serum E-selectin, was assessed in Thai hyperlipidemia adults.Methods: Subjects who had no history of hypertension, diabetes and other serious illness were recruited and classified as normolipidemia (n=100) and hyperlipidemia (n=100), by using the levels of blood lipids (hyperlipidemia: total cholesterol >200 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 mg/dl, and triglyceride >150 mg/dl). Clinical data were collected, and laboratory analysis was done. Serum levels of uric acid, fasting blood glucose (FBS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were measured by the dry chemistry automate analyzer. Serum E-selectin was measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The hyperlipidemia subjects had significantly higher serum E-selectin levels than the normolipidemia subjects (18.98±11.58.56 versus 8.85±4.02 ng/ml). E-selectin was significantly correlated with blood lipids; total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C (r=0.477, 0.441, 0.453, and -0.191, respectively). Moreover, significant correlations of E-selectin with uric acid and fasting blood glucose were also found (r=0.155 and 0.166, respectively).Conclusions: Serum E-selectin levels increased in hyperlipidemia and correlated with uric acid and fasting blood glucose, reflecting the association between hyperlipidemia and pathogenesis of CVD, Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of hyperlipidemia management. 

scholarly journals The Association between Serum Gamma Glutamyl transferase and Fasting Blood Glucose in Chinese People: A 6-Year Follow-up Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Teng ◽  
Peng Lai ◽  
Liying Wang ◽  
Xuekui Liu ◽  
Houfa Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Central China ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between gamma−glutamyltransferase (GGT) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) during a 6-year follow-up of subjects, and to evaluate if GGT is an independent factor affecting FBG. Methods Total of 1369 individuals from health examination survey at the urban area of Xuzhou, central China, were followed up for 6 years. The patients were divided into four groups according to their baseline GGT levels (in quartiles). The one-way ANOVA method was used to compare the differences of variables with basic line. The relationship between GGT and FBG levels was examined using repeated measurements ANOVA. Results The grouping of baseline GGT levels influenced changes in blood glucose during 6-year follow-up. In GGT quartile subgroups, the annual mean increase of FBG level shows a positive relationship with baseline GGT level. And this trend was even more pronounced in the highest baseline GGT group. Time course, baseline FBG and GGT groups at different individuals, which together affected the change of FBG level during the follow-up. Considering that baseline FBG may affect subsequent FBG levels, repeated measures ANOVA was used to exclude the effect of this factor. Results showed that different baseline GGT groups were still significantly associated with increased FBG levels during follow-up. GGT is an independent factor affecting FBG level（p<0.001）. Conclusions The annual mean increase of FBG level shows a positive relationship with baseline GGT level. Higher baseline GGT levels resulted in a faster annual mean increase in FBG. GGT could be used for early detection of impaired fasting glucose regulation (IFG) patients in clinical field.

scholarly journals Correlation between maternal variables and the onset and severity of preeclampsia

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Nafiu Amidu ◽  
Moses Banyeh ◽  
Stephen Justice Adusu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: The study sought to determine the correlation between the onset and severity of preeclampsia (PE) and maternal sociodemographic variables: age, parity and body mass index (BMI); medical history: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and proteinuria; fasting lipids: total cholesterol (TCHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TRIG); liver enzymes: aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and other variables: serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (sNGAL), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and creatinine (CRT). Methods: This was a case–control study from January–June 2018. The study involved 270 pregnant women aged 18–37 years. Half of the study population (n=135) had PE and were categorized into either early-onset PE (EOPE) or late-onset PE (LOPE) and whether the PE was characterized by severe features (PS) or without severe features (PNS). The cases (PE) were matched by maternal and gestational age to 135 women with normotensive and uncomplicated pregnancies. A single venous blood sample was collected after an overnight fast and analysed using ELISA or routine biochemistry technique. Results: Maternal blood lipids (except HDL), liver enzymes (except GGT), CRT, sNGAL, ET-1, proteinuria, and BMI were positively correlated while HDL was negatively correlated with the onset and severity of PE (P<0.050). Conclusion: There are significant correlations between maternal variables and the onset and severity of PE. These findings are useful for the early detection and management of PE, especially in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease-19 and Liver Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Ginanda Putra Siregar ◽  
Darmadi Darmadi ◽  
Riska Habriel Ruslie
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Apoptotic Activity ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 is a pandemic since March 11, 2020. The total case is more than a half million worldwide. Liver injury is quite common in COVID-19 patients. Direct viral infection is possible due to the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Other proposed mechanisms are virus-induced cytopathic effects, inflammation process, hypoxia and shock, increased apoptotic activity, increased positive end expiratory effect, and drug-induced. The manifestation of liver injury is mild and transient with elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Deterioration of liver function can occur in subjects with COVID-19 and underlying liver injury. The management is principally supportive. Hepatoprotective drugs may be administered in severe cases.

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