scholarly journals Intergrated Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis Discovers Nematicidal Microbes, Enzymes and Metabolites From the Plant Rhizosphere Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyun Zhao ◽  
Changchun Lin ◽  
Wenfang Yuan ◽  
Song Ruan ◽  
Gaofu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Infected Tobacco ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis ◽  
Volatile Materials

Abstract BackgroundRoot-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects root systems of many crops resulting in huge decrease of crop production. Nematicidal microorganisms provides a safe and effective strategy to control M. incognita infection. In order to find more microorganisms with high activity and new nematicidal metabolites, we collected the M. incognita infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (RNI) and non-infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (NS), and investigated their microbial community and network via metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. ResultsMicrobial networks of RNI soils were very different from the NS soils. Many nematicidal microorganisms were enriched in the NS soils, including some isolates such as Aspergillus , Achromobacter , Acinetobacter , Bacillus , Burkholderia , Comamonas , Enterobacter , Lysobacter , Microbacterium , Paenibacillus , Pantoea , Pseudomonas , Streptomyces and Variovorax. Enzymes analysis showed these nematicidal microorganisms can produce proteases, chitinase and lipases. The functions genes belonging to pathways of secondary metabolites biosynthesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism were overrepresented in the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils comparing with the RNI soils. 102 metabolites contents were significantly different between the RNI and NS rhizosphere microbiota. 35 metabolites were overrepresented in the NS soils comparing the RNI samples, including acetophenone. Acetophenone showed high nematicidal (LC 50 = 0.66 μg/ml) and avoidance activity against M. incognita . A isolate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W1 with production of acetophenone can kill 98.8% of M . incognita . ConclusionsIn general, the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils could produce volatile materials, multiple enzymes and secondary metabolites against nematode. Collectively, the microbiota of NS and RNI rhizophere differed significantly in microbial network structure, community composition, function genes and metabolites. Collectively, combination of multi-omics analysis and culture-dependent technology is powerful for finding nematicidal microorganisms and metabolites from soil.

scholarly journals Intergrated metagenomics  and metabolomics analysis  discovers  nematicidal microbes, enzymes and metabolites  from the plant rhizosphere microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyun Zhao ◽  
Changchun Lin ◽  
Wenfang Yuan ◽  
Song Ruan ◽  
Gaofu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Infected Tobacco ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis ◽  
Volatile Materials

Abstract Background: Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects root systems of many crops resulting in huge decrease of crop production. Nematicidal microorganisms provides a safe and effective strategy to control M. incognita infection. In order to find microorganisms with high activity and new nematicidal metabolites, we collected the M. incognita infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (RNI) and non-infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (NS), and investigated their microbial community and network via metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. Results: Microbial networks of RNI soils were very different from the NS soils. Many nematicidal microorganisms were enriched in the NS soils, including isolates of Aspergillus , Achromobacter , Acinetobacter , Bacillus , Burkholderia , Comamonas , Enterobacter , Lysobacter , Microbacterium , Paenibacillus , Pantoea , Pseudomonas , Streptomyces and Variovorax. Enzymes analysis showed these nematicidal microorganisms can produce proteases, chitinase and lipases. The functions genes belonging to pathways of secondary metabolites biosynthesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism were overrepresented in the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils comparing with the RNI soils. 102 metabolites contents were significantly different between the RNI and NS rhizosphere microbiota. 35 metabolites were overrepresented in the NS soils comparing the RNI samples, including acetophenone. Acetophenone showed high nematicidal (LC 50 = 0.66 μg/ml) and avoidance activity against M. incognita . Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W1 could produce acetophenone. Liquid culture of W1 could kill 98.8% of M . incognita J2 juveniles after treatment for 24 h.Conclusions: In general, the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils could produce volatile materials, multiple enzymes and secondary metabolites against nematode. Collectively, the microbiota of NS and RNI rhizophere differed significantly in microbial network structure, community composition, function genes and metabolites. Collectively, combination of multi-omics analysis and culture-dependent technology is powerful for finding nematicidal microorganisms and metabolites from soil.

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphite Supply in the MS Medium on Root Morphological Characteristics, Fresh Biomass and Enzymatic Behavior in Five Genotypes of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Richard Dormatey ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Kazim Ali ◽  
Tianyuan Qin ◽  
Derong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Ms Medium

Crop production is threatened by low phosphorus (P) availability and weed interference. Obtaining plant genotypes that can utilize Phosphite (Phi) as fertilizer can supplement phosphates (Pi) while providing an environmentally friendly means of weed control. The study was conducted to determine the tolerance and enzymatic behavior of five potato genotypes to PO3. Explants were regenerated in vitro from two nodal cuttings and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under controlled conditions for 30 days. Matured plantlets were subcultured for 20 days in MS medium containing (0.25, 0.5 mM) Phi and Pi and No-P (-Phi + -Pi). The results showed significant genotypic variation in tolerance indices among the five genotypes. Atlantic showed greater tolerance to Phi, with highest total root length (50.84%), root projected area (75.09%), root surface area (68.94%), root volume (33.49%) and number of root forks (75.66%). Phi induced an increasing trend in the levels of hydrogen peroxide in the genotypes with the least effect in Atlantic. The comprehensive evaluation analysis confirmed the tolerance of Atlantic genotype with this ranking; Atlantic, Longshu3, Qingshu9, Longshu6 and Gannong2. Antioxidant enzyme activities and proline content also increased significantly under Phi and No-P treatments. The results suggested that potato genotypes with larger root systems may be more tolerant to Phi than genotypes with smaller root systems.

scholarly journals Mycotoxicosis of swine. Metabolism and toxicokinetics of their causative mycotoxins

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
P. D. TASSIS (Π. Δ. ΤΑΣΣΗΣ) ◽  
C. ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
S. K. KRITAS (Σ. Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) ◽  
E. D. TZIKA (Ε. Δ. ΤΖΗΚΑ) ◽  
K. SAOULIDIS (Κ. ΣΑΟΥΛΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Swine Feed ◽  
Economical Losses

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi of various genera, when they grow on agricultural products, especially grains which are mainly used as pig ratios' raw materials, before or after harvest or during transportation or storage. Mycotoxins affect up to 25% of the world's crop production causing extensive economical losses globally. The mycotoxins, which are of high significance for swine populations and are usually found in higher concentrations in swine feed raw materials (cereals, such as corn, barley etc.), are: aflatoxins and especially aflatoxin Bl 5 trichothecenes and principally deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxins and particularly ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins and mainly fumonisin Bj. The fate of a toxin after consumption via feed by pigs depends upon the extent and rate of its absorption, its distribution, its binding or localization in tissues, its biotransformation and its excretion processes, including transmission in swine-derived food products. The rate of each of these events, which contributed to both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the toxin, is determined by the chemical and physical properties of the compounds and by interaction with tissue responsible of metabolism or elimination. The aim of this review is to emphasize on the basic stages of the metabolism and the pathways of the toxicokinetics of certain mycotoxins. Moreover, the most frequent clinical signs seen in pigs, due to the most important mycotoxins occurring in swine farms, are pointed out.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Eight Herbs to Common Root-Knot Nematodes

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Jerry T. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Herb Species

Abstract Eight herb species were inoculated with two common species of root-knot nematode and grown for 2 months in a greenhouse. Root systems were examined for galls and egg mass production. All herb species were susceptible but developed fewer galls and had lower gall indices than Rutgers tomato. Burnet, chives, valerian and winter savory had few galls or low gall indices. Eggs were produced on all. Chamomile had a high gall index. Chicory, parsley, and sorrel had intermediate indices. Herbs were equally susceptible to the southern (Meloidogyne incognita) and peanut root-knot nematodes (M. arenaria), particularly at the highest inoculum densities. Mean dry weights of inoculated herbs were not always significantly less than the non-inoculated plants, suggesting that some herbs may be tolerant to root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Intergrated metagenomics  and metabolomics analysis  discovers  nematicidal microbes, enzymes and metabolites  from the plant rhizosphere microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyun Zhao ◽  
Changchun Lin ◽  
Wenfang Yuan ◽  
Song Ruan ◽  
Gaofu Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Background: Meloidogyne incognita infestation has led to huge economic loss worldwide. Nematicidal microorganisms provide an effective strategy to control M. incognita . In order to find microorganisms and new metabolites with high nematicidal activity, we collected M. incognita - infested tobacco rhizosphere soils and non-infested rhizosphere soils, and investigated functional genes, microbial community and network, and metabolites via metagenomics and metabolomics analyses. Results: Rhizosphere microbial composition, function, network and metabolites were altered accompanying with M . incognita infestation. Abundances of nematicidal microorganisms, metabolites, antibiotics and extracellular enzymes’ genes in the non-infested rhizosphere microbiota were higher than those in M. incognita -infested rhizosphere microbiota. Abundances of functions genes involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism in the non-infested rhizosphere microbiota were higher than M. incognita -infested rhizosphere microbiota. Contents of 102 metabolites were different in the two rhizosphere microbiota. Contents of 35 metabolites (acetophenone, indole-3-acetic acid, etc.) in the non-infested rhizosphere microbiota were higher than those in M . incognita -infested rhizosphere microbiota. Acetophenone showed high nematicidal (LC 50 = 0.66 μg/ml) and repellent activities against M. incognita . Co-occurrence network analyses found Bacillus showed a stronger positive correlation with acetophenone. Nematicidal microorganisms were isolated from soils, and one isolate of B . amyloliquefaciens W1 produced acetophenone. Exposing J2 larvae of M. incognita to liquid culture filtrate of W1 resulted in a mortality rate of 98.8% after 24 h. Other isolates such as Aspergillus , Achromobacter , Acinetobacter , Bacillus , Burkholderia , Comamonas , Enterobacter , Lysobacter , Microbacterium , Paenibacillus , Pantoea , Pseudomonas , Streptomyces and Variovorax produced extracellular nematicidal enzymes. Conclusions: M eloidogyne incognita -infested rhizophere microbiota differed in microbial community composition, network structure, function genes and metabolites contents from the non-infested rhizosphere microbiota. Abundances of nematicidal microorganisms and metabolites, and genes involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in the non-infested rhizosphere microbiota were higher than those in M . incognita -infested rhizosphere microbiota. Network complexity in M . incognita -infested rhizosphere microbiota was lower than that in non-infested rhizosphere microbiota. Keystone microorganisms were also different between these two networks. Acetophenone was identified as a new nematicidal compound with high activity to kill and repel M. incognita , and B. amyloliquefacens W1 isolated from non-infested soil produced acetophenone against M. incognita .

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